射频消融术治疗房室折返性心动过速

目的 报告射频消融术治疗房室折返性心动过速的经验.方法 回顾性分析经心内电生理检查,明确诊断为房室折返性心动过速275例患者接受射频消融术的临床资料.结果 房室折返性心动过速275例,其中左侧旁路168条,右侧旁路113条.消融总成功率为99.2%.结论 射频消融术是治疗房室折返性心动过速的安全有效手段.     

穿房间隔途径左侧游离壁旁路消融致心包填塞原因分析

目的:分析穿房间隔途径左侧游离壁旁路消融致心包填塞的发生率及可能原因。方法:分析2014年1月～2018年12月3个中等手术量电生理中心的1 332例室上性心动过速患者,其中男性723例,女性609例,中位年龄52 (35～61)岁。经电生理检查证实为房室结双径路折返性心动过速、左侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速或右侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速,然后再行房室旁路或者房室结双径路消融。分析左侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速患者,经主动脉逆行途径或者穿房间隔途径消融左侧旁路消融过程中心包填塞发生情况及可能原因。结果:1 332例患者接受1 440次射频消融术。左侧旁路参与的房室折返性心动过速453(34%)例,其中经主动脉逆行140例(31%)和穿房间隔途径313例(69%)。穿房间隔途径心包填塞发生3例(0.9%),靶点位置在左侧游离壁或左前游离壁。经心包穿刺引流后心包填塞症状缓解,无外科开胸修补发生。结论:左侧旁路射频消融相关的心包填塞发生率相对较低,原因可能与过度消融、机械操作损伤和误消融毗邻结构相关。     

射频消融治疗多条房室旁路和多种机制并存的窄QRS心动过速

射频消融术已成为根治室上性心动过速的首选方法 ,对多条房室旁路和多种机制并存的窄 QRS心动过速也同样有效。本文总结 15例复杂性窄 QRS心动过速的射频消融结果和体会。　　资料与方法　 15例患者 (男性 6例 ,女性 9例 ) ,平均( 39± 10 )岁。因反复发作窄 QRS心动过速而入院行射频消融治疗。术中发现 :双房室旁路 9例 ,其中左、右侧均存在 1条房室旁路者 8例 ,右侧双房室旁路者 1例。房室旁路合并典型房室交界区折返性心动过速 5例 ,房室旁路合并典型和非典型房室交界区折返性心动过速 1例。除 1例双房室旁路患者仅诱发出一种窄 QRS…     

(14)如何进一步提高房室折返性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速射频导管消融治疗的疗效

虽然射频导管消融术于1986年才开始用于临床治疗快速性心律失常,但在近15年当中该项技术得到迅猛的发展和广泛的应用.目前,射频导管消融术已被公认是根治房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)的首选方法.据1998年北美心脏起搏与电生理学会(NASPE)和我国的射频导管消融注册登记资料,射频导管消融治疗AVNRT的成功率已达96.1%～98.8%,治疗左侧和右侧游离壁房室旁路参与折返的AVRT为93.8%～96.4%,间隔部位房室旁路的成功率为84.0%～88.8%.因此,欲进一步提高对AVRT和AVNRT的射频导管消融疗效或成功率,在完善各种硬件设备(如温控消融导管和大功率射频仪)的同时,更应加强术者对复杂疑难病例的诊断和鉴别诊断能力,增强识别特殊类型房室旁路的意识.     

射频消融术治疗快速心律失常287例报告

报道射频消融术治疗２８７例快速心律失常，其中房室旁路折返性心动过速２１２例，共有旁路２１９条。１６７条左侧旁路，１６１条（９６．４％）被阻断，３例在常规逆行插入大头导管消融失败后，改用经房间隔穿刺法消融成功；５２条右侧旁路，４６条（８８．５％）被阻断，１例在心中静脉内消融成功。６５例房室结折返性心动过速，６４例（９８．５％）选择性消融慢径成功，无一例遗留房室传导阻滞的并发症。５例特发性室性心动过速消融成功。本组并发症５例，６例心动过速复发。     

射频消融治疗682例房室结折返性心动过速的临床分析

目的 回顾性分析射频消融术治疗 682 例慢-快型房室结折返性心动过速的疗效及安全性.方法 所有病例均先行心内电生理检杳,明确诊断后,以中、下位法行射频消融,统计消融成功率、复发率、并发症发生率、死亡率等指标.结果 射频消融成功率99.6%,复发率1.0%,并发症发生率1.3%,无死亡病例.结论 射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速成功率高,并发症少,复发率低.以中位法消融、延长单次有效放电时间、消融后房室结不应期延长且达到慢径消失可有效提高房室结折返性心动过速的消融成功率且明显降低术后复发率.     

射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速62例体会

目的总结室上性心动过速(PSVT)射频消融治疗的经验。方法左房室旁路消融二尖瓣室侧，右房室旁路消融三尖瓣房侧；房室结双径路通过下位能量递增消融法改良房室结慢径。结果房室折返型心动过速38例，左侧旁道30条右侧旁道9条，消融成功37条，成功率95％，房室结折返型心动过速24例，房室结双径路改良全部成功，成功率100％，总成功率97％。无1例复发。结论射频消融治疗室上速安全、有效、复发率低。’     

心脏电生理学新概念 (14)如何进一步提高房室折返性心动过速、房室结折返性心动过速射频导管消融治疗的疗效

虽然射频导管消融术于 1986年才开始用于临床治疗快速性心律失常 ,但在近 15年当中该项技术得到迅猛的发展和广泛的应用。目前 ,射频导管消融术已被公认是根治房室结折返性心动过速 (ＡＶＮＲＴ)和房室折返性心动过速 (ＡＶＲＴ)的首选方法。据 1998年北美心脏起搏与电生理学会 (ＮＡＳＰＥ)和我国的射频导管消融注册登记资料 ,射频导管消融治疗ＡＶＮＲＴ的成功率已达 96 1%～ 98 8% ,治疗左侧和右侧游离壁房室旁路参与折返的ＡＶＲＴ为 93 8%～ 96 4% ,间隔部位房室旁路的成功率为 84 0 %～ 88 8%。因此 ,欲进一步提高对ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮ…     

能量滴定法在慢径改良术中预防房室传导阻滞的作用研究

目的探讨“能量滴定法”在射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速术中对房室传导阻滞的预防作用。方法收集经射频消融术治疗的房室结折返性心动过速865例;消融过程采用“下位法+能量滴定法”。结果治疗成功率98.9%,复发率为2.08%,10例患者出现I°房室传导阻滞,无III°房室传导阻滞发生。靶点数≥5.0、有效靶点/总靶点<70%和累计消融能量(W*S)≥2300的患者房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高(P<0.05),而复发率则无明显差异。结论射频消融术治疗房室结折返性心动过速减少累计消融能量、控制总靶点数和提高靶点有效率能有效减少房室传导阻滞的发生。     

简化射频消融方法治疗阵发性室上性心动过速120例疗效观察

房室折返性心动过速和房室结折返性心动过速是阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)中最常见的两种类型,其解剖基础分别为房室旁路和房室结双径路,射频消融是PSVT的首选治疗方法, 其成功率达90%以上,且副作用轻微[1].我们在PSVT(即隐匿性房室旁路和房室结双径路)电生理检查和消融过程中应用简化3导管方法,并与常规5导管方法进行比较,旨在观察简化方法的安全性和有效性.     

Usefulness of paced activation sequence mapping in catheter ablation of accessory pathways

INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of accessory pathways (APs) is often a time-consuming procedure, mainly because conventional criteria have modest accuracy. Thus, additional mapping criteria are desirable. Our hypothesis was that comparison of paced atrial activation sequences with that obtained during orthodromic AV reentrant tachycardia might be useful for locating the atrial insertion of single APs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 15 patients with a single AP referred for ablation. Analysis of the atrial activation sequence was simplified by measuring the activation time (AT) that elapsed between two atrial reference points placed next to the AV annulus on either side of the area containing the AP. Ablation was guided by conventional criteria. Before each RF delivery, a short pacing train was delivered from the ablation catheter and, after verification of atrial capture, the AT was compared with the AT obtained during orthodromic tachycardia. Fifty sites of RF delivery were appropriate for analysis. The multivariate model with the highest predictive power included a deviation of AT between pacing and tachycardia < or = 5 msec (P < 0.001), a local AV ratio > or = 1 (P = 0.04), and stability of the local electrogram (P = 0.05). The combination of all these criteria predicted a successful application with high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (92%, 86%, and 71% respectively). To validate the method prospectively, 10 additional consecutive patients underwent an AP ablation procedure guided by these criteria. CONCLUSION: This technique seems to be highly accurate in selecting the atrial site for RF ablation of single APs.     

Clinical electrophysiologic effects of lorcainide in patients and its effect on the conduction of accessory pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

The electrophysiologic effects of the intravenous administration of a new antiarrhythmic drug, lorcainide, were evaluated by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in 20 patients with and without Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndromes. Lorcainide shortened the sinus cycle length from 721.0 +/- 125.9 to 649.5 +/- 100.1 ms (P less than 0.001), but did not influence sinus node function and AV node conduction and refractoriness, slightly increased atrial effective period (ERP) (P less than 0.02) and did not change ventricular ERP (P less than 0.2), obviously lengthened atrial conduction time, H, H-V interval and the width of V wave. Lorcainide caused complete antegrade block of the accessory pathway (AP) in six of 9 WPW patients and resulted in exclusive conduction over the AV nodal. His conduction in two patients with atrial flutter. It also prolonged the retrograde conduction time and refractoriness of AP, and prevented initiation of orthodromic atrioventricular tachycardia (O-AVRT) in six of 12 patients by blocking of the retrograde conduction of the AP, increased the cycle length of tachycardia from 321.7 +/- 43.6 to 361.7 +/- 54.9 ms (P less than 0.005) by marked prolongation of retrograde AP conduction time in 6 patients in whom O-AVRT could still be induced. It is concluded that intravenous lorcainide does not affect sinus node and AV node function, slightly influences atrial and ventricular refractoriness, obviously suppresses atrial, His bundle and intraventricular conduction, and is an effective antiarrhythmic drug for patients with WPW by blocking both the antegrade and retrograde conduction of the AP.     

Surgical and catheter ablative techniques for treating supraventricular tachycardia.

Although antiarrhythmic drugs are commonly used in patients with supraventricular tachycardia, their use is limited due to inefficacy, side effects and patient compliance problems. Nonpharmacologic therapies used in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia include: antitachycardia pacing, DC and radiofrequency catheter ablation and surgical therapy. Although certain pacing techniques can prevent the initiation of tachycardia, antitachycardia pacing is primarily used to terminate the supraventricular tachycardia once it has occurred. In patients with primary atrial tachycardias that are refractory to treatment, DC or radiofrequency catheter ablation can be used to modify or completely ablate the AV junction with resultant complete heart block. With DC AV junction ablation, 65% of patients will have resultant third degree AV block and 20% of patients will have modification of AV condition. Results with radiofrequency ablation have shown efficacy rates ranging from 56-9470 and can be used without the need for general anesthesia. Both forms of catheter ablation can be used to selectively alter the retrograde limb of an AV node reentrant circuit. Catheter ablation has been successful in ablating accessory pathways. DC catheter ablation has been predominantly used in posterior paraseptal pathways. More recently, radiofrequency catheter ablation of the ventricular insertion site of accessory pathways has demonstrated usefulness in selective laboratories. Surgical therapy for supraventricular tachycardia has been used for excision and/or ablation of an atrial ectopic focus, surgical ablation of the AV node in patients with refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias and microsurgery of the AV node in patients with AV node reentrant tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Electrophysiologic characteristics and radiofrequency ablation of concealed nodofascicular and left anterograde atriofascicular pathways

INTRODUCTION: True nodoventricular or nodofascicular pathways and left-sided anterograde decremental accessory pathways (APs) are considered rare findings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two unusual patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were referred for radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Both patients had evidence of dual AV nodal conduction. In case 1, programmed atrial and ventricular stimulation induced regular tachycardia with a narrow QRS complex or episodes of right and left bundle branch block not altering the tachycardia cycle length and long concentric ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction. Ventricular extrastimuli elicited during His-bundle refractoriness resulted in tachycardia termination. During the tachycardia, both the ventricles and the distal right bundle were not part of the reentrant circuit. These findings were consistent with a concealed nodofascicular pathway. RF ablation in the right atrial mid-septal region with the earliest atrial activation preceded by a possible AP potential resulted in tachycardia termination and elimination of VA conduction. In case 2, antidromic reciprocating tachycardia of a right bundle branch block pattern was considered to involve an anterograde left posteroseptal atriofascicular pathway. For this pathway, decremental conduction properties as typically observed for right atriofascicular pathways could be demonstrated. During atrial stimulation and tachycardia, a discrete AP potential was recorded at the atrial and ventricular insertion sites and along the AP. Mechanical conduction block of the AP was reproducibly induced at the annular level and at the distal insertion site. Successful RF ablation was performed at the mitral annulus. CONCLUSION: This report describes two unusual cases consistent with concealed nodofascicular and left anterograde atriofascicular pathways, which were ablated successfully without impairing normal AV conduction system.     

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate test for the noninvasive diagnosis of concealed accessory pathway

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the noninvasive diagnosis of concealed accessory pathway (AP) and dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology in patients with inducible AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). BACKGROUND: Administration of ATP during sinus rhythm identifies dual AV node physiology in 76% of patients with inducible sustained slow/fast AV nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). METHODS: Incremental doses of ATP were intravenously administered during sinus rhythm to 34 patients with inducible sustained AVRT involving a concealed AP and to 27 control patients without AP or dual AV node physiology. One study group patient could not complete the study and was excluded from analysis. RESULTS: The AV reentrant echo beats (AVRE), or AVRT, suggestive of the presence of concealed AP, were observed after ATP administration in 24 (73%) study patients and in none of the control group. Electrocardiographic signs suggestive of dual AV node physiology were observed after ATP administration in 7 (21%) study patients and in none of the control group. Most instances of AVRE/AVRT were preceded by a slight increase (<50 ms) in PR interval. In 8 of 9 patients tested, neither AVRE nor AVRT was no longer observed following ATP administration after successful radiofrequency ablation of the AP. In the remaining patient, a different AVRE due to the presence of an additional AP was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of ATP during sinus rhythm may be a useful bedside test for identifying patients with concealed AP who are prone to AVRT and those with associated dual AV node pathways.     

Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia After Radiofrequency Ablation of Para-Hisian Accessory Pathways

Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia After Catheter Ablation. Introduction : Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) has been observed following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the AV nodal fast pathway. This study was aimed to prospectively analyze the incidence and clinical significance of IST following RFA of para-Hisian accessory pathways (APs).
Methods and Results : Twenty-eight patients (pts) with para-Hisian APs underwent RFA. An AP was defined as para-Hisian whenever its atrial and ventricular insertions were associated with a His-bundle potential ≥ 0.1 mV. RF current was always delivered at the atrial aspect of the tricuspid annulus. to a site where the His-bundle potential was < 0.15 mV. Time- and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability was performed in 22 patients, before and after RFA. Abolition of AP conduction was obtained in all pts, and no AV conduction alteration occurred. Six pts (21.4%) presented with IST 45 to 240 minutes after the ablation procedure. In 5 of them, IST disappeared spontaneously within 72 hours, whereas in 1 pt β-blockers were required for 2 months. The atrial potential amplitude (1.217 ± 0.264 mV vs 0.882 ± 0.173 mV, P = 0.009) and A/V potential amplitude ratio (2.633 vs 1.686, P = 0.05) were significantly higher in pts who developed IST than in those who did not. A marked decrease in heart rate variability was observed only in pts who developed IST.
Conclusion : IST is a relatively frequent complication after RFA of para-Hisian APs: it is generally short-lasting and usually does not require any treatment. IST after catheter ablation is likely to depend upon transient parasympathetic denervation of the sinus node.     

右侧显性房室旁道合并右后隔慢旁道的电生理特点和消融治疗

报道两例右侧显性房室旁道合并右后隔慢旁道的电生理特点和消融治疗。两例显性预激综合征接受射频消融治疗 ,心房和心室程控刺激评价消融前后电生理变化。心脏标测证实两例病人存在右侧显性房室旁道 ,阻断该旁道后AV间期延长达 16 3和 16 7ms,QRS波群变宽呈完全预激形 ,程控刺激和标测证实为右后隔慢旁道 ,前传速度慢但无递减传导 ,无VA传导 (例 1)或VA递减传导 (例 2 )。消融阻断慢旁道后AV再次延长达 188ms和 2 17ms,心室预激消失 ,QRS波群呈右束支阻滞形 ,心室刺激见VA分离。结论 :两例病人为右侧游离壁显性房室旁道合并右后隔慢旁道 ,前者掩盖后者的前向传导。正常房室传导束 (AVN HPS)的传导速度慢于慢旁道是其显现前传的原因。     

Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics of anteroseptal, midseptal, and posteroseptal accessory pathways.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of all accessory pathways (APs) are located in the septal area, and understanding the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic of these APs is crucial for safe and effective ablation of these pathways. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics of anteroseptal, midseptal, and posteroseptal APs were investigated in detail to elucidate unique electrical properties of APs in each location. METHODS: From April 2002 to October 2006, a total of 120 patients with a septal AP-mediated tachycardia were enrolled in the study. A detailed examination including electrocardiographic analysis and electrophysiologic study was performed in all patients. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients, including 98 patients with posteroseptal APs, 14 patients with anteroseptal APs, and 8 patients with midseptal APs, were studied. The anteroseptal APs could be differentiated from the midseptal APs by the 2 or more positive delta waves in inferior leads, whereas there is significant overlap in electrocardiographic features of midseptal and posteroseptal APs. The mean tachycardia cycle length was significantly shorter in patients with midseptal AP compared with those with anteroseptal and posteroseptal APs (284 +/- 49 ms vs 342 +/- 46 ms vs 350 +/- 68 ms, P = .03). The AH interval during tachycardia was also shorter in patients with midseptal APs (149 +/- 16 ms vs 200 +/- 51 ms vs 168 +/- 48 ms, P = .04). The patients with posteroseptal AP had a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (35%) than those with either midseptal (12%) or anteroseptal (14%) APs (P = .04). The patients with posteroseptal APs also had a significantly shorter antegrade effective refractory period of the AP (276 +/- 54 ms) than those with either midseptal (313 +/- 71 ms) or anteroseptal (325 +/- 61) APs (P = .036). CONCLUSION: Electrocardiographic analysis is a reliable method for differentiation of the anteroseptal from the midseptal APs, whereas the same is not true for the midseptal and posteroseptal APs. Midseptal APs were characterized by faster orthodromic tachycardia, whereas posteroseptal APs had a higher inducibility of atrial fibrillation.     

Sustained symptomatic sinus node reentrant tachycardia: incidence, clinical significance, electrophysiologic observations and the effects of antiarrhythmic agents

The clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic determinants and effects of antiarrhythmic agents on sustained sinus node reentrant tachycardia remain poorly defined. Of 65 consecutive men undergoing electrophysiologic studies for symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia over a 4 year period, 11 (16.9%), who ranged in age from 39 to 76 years, demonstrated sustained sinus node reentrant tachycardia. On the surface electrocardiogram, before electrophysiologic studies, the following diagnoses were considered in the 11 patients: sinus node reentrant tachycardia on the basis of an RP'/P'R ratio of greater than 1 and P wave configuration similar to that of sinus P waves (7 patients); atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia on the basis of an RP'/P'R ratio of less than 1 (3 patients); and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with AV block (1 patient). All 11 patients had a history of recurrent palpitation, 4 had syncope, 2 had dizzy spells and 9 had organic heart disease. Sustained sinus node reentrant tachycardia could be reproducibly induced in all 11 patients during atrial pacing or premature atrial stimulation, or both, over a wide echo zone. The tachycardia could be terminated by carotid sinus massage, atrial pacing and premature atrial stimulation. Characteristics of tachycardia included: high-low activation sequence; cycle lengths of 250 to 590 ms with wide fluctuations of 20 to 180 ms in individual patients; RP'/P'R ratio of greater than 1 in 8 (73%) of the 11 patients and a ratio of less than 1 in 3 (27%). Induction of sustained sinus node reentrant tachycardia was prevented by intravenous ouabain (0.01 mg/kg body weight) in two of two patients, by intravenous verapamil (10 mg) in two of two patients and by intravenous amiodarone (5 mg/kg body weight) in four of four patients. In contrast, intravenous propranolol (0.1 mg/kg body weight) did not affect induction of sustained sinus node reentrant tachycardia in two of two patients. It is concluded that sustained sinus node reentrant tachycardia, seen in 16.9% of the study patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, is not as benign as previously believed; it is frequently associated with organic heart disease; it demonstrates wide variations in cycle length, unlike other forms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; it can masquerade as AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with AV block on the surface electrocardiogram in 36% of patients; and it is responsive to intravenous administration of ouabain, verapamil or amiodarone.     

Slowing of the Ventricular Rate During Atrial Fibrillation by Ablation of the Slow Pathway of AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Influence of Slow Pathway Ablation on Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction : The mechanisms whereby radiofrequency catheter modification of AV nodal conduction slows the ventricular response are not well defined. Whether a successful modification procedure can be achieved by ablating posterior inputs to the AV node or by partial ablation of the compact AV node is unclear. We hypothesized that ablation of the well-defined slow pathway in patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia would slow the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation.
Methods and Results : In 34 patients with dual AV physiology and inducible AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrial fibrillation was induced at baseline and immediately after successful slow pathway ablation and at 1-week follow-up. The minimal, maximal, and mean RR intervals during atrial fibrillation increased from 353 ± 76,500 ± 121, and 405 ± 91 msec to 429 ± 84 (P < 0.01), 673 ± 161 (P < 0.01), and 535 ± 98 msec (P < 0.01), respectively. These effects remained stable during follow-up at 1 week. The AV block cycle length increased from 343 ± 68 msec to 375 ± 60 msec (P < 0.05) immediately and to 400 ± 56 msec (P < 0.01) at 1-week follow-up. The effective refractory period of the AV node prolonged from 282 ± 83 msec to 312 ± 89 msec and to 318 ± 81 msec after 1 week (P < 0.05), respectively.
Conclusion : This study shows a decrease in ventricular response to pacing-induced atrial fibrillation after ablation of the slow pathway in patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Since the AV nodal conduction properties could be defined, this study supports the hypothesis that the main mechanism of AV nodal modification in chronic atrial fibrillation is caused by ablation of posterior inputs to the AV node.