直裂纹和45°斜裂纹转子系统动力特性对比

对于转子系统,转轴上带有斜裂纹或直裂纹,系统的响应会有一些不同,这些不同是由于直斜裂纹对转轴刚度的不同影响引起的。分析了裂纹深度对直斜裂纹转子的刚度和稳态响应的影响;同时还讨论了速度的变化对直斜裂纹转子的稳态响应的影响。最后实验研究了随速度增长直斜裂纹转子系统的稳态响应。研究结果表明,实验测得的工频分量与二倍频分量的变化趋势与计算结果相符。     

直斜裂纹转轴的时变刚度特性研究*

本文采用有限元方法建立了裂纹转子系统的动力学方程,利用应变能释放率方法得到了裂纹单元的刚度矩阵,采用应力强度因子为零法模拟裂纹的呼吸效应,详细研究了不同深度的直裂纹和45°斜裂纹转子,在一个稳态旋转周期内,裂纹开闭规律以及转轴刚度时变特性。研究表明裂纹深度的增大使裂纹转轴的刚度变化增大,直裂纹与斜裂纹转轴的刚度变化特性具有明显差异,斜裂纹引起更多与更强的耦合振动,使转子的动力学性能更复杂。     

开斜裂纹转子的动力特性

对于转子系统,转轴上斜裂纹的存在会产生与直裂纹不尽相同的动力特性,主要原因是斜裂纹和直裂纹会引起转子不同方向振动的耦合.用断裂力学中应力强度因子与应变能释放率间的关系推导了带有45°张开型斜裂纹转子的刚度;并进一步对有耦合刚度的运动方程用龙格-库塔法进行了数值分析,给出了裂纹深度、偏心量和转速对转子动力特性的影响.     

柔性支撑下裂纹转子振动的拟周期特性

柔性支撑下裂纹转子的振动是一种复杂的运动。本文经过研究发现：在重力占主导的前提下，柔性支撑的单盘裂纹转子其转盘与轴颈的稳态振动均呈拟周期振动特性，当转轴的静挠度远大于其振动时，裂纹引起的刚度变化可用交链模型来描述，而且，转子系统模型可被线性化，裂纹可以被转化为系统的外扰动，采用谐波平衡法可以求出系统振动的各谐波分量，从而得出裂纹转子系统的稳态振动响应。     

横向裂纹轴耦合刚度分析

基于断裂力学理论和局部柔度理论，推导了横向裂纹轴在轴力、剪力、弯矩及扭矩共同作用时的刚度矩阵，分析了裂纹深度比和转轴细长比等参数对转轴刚度的影响。结果表明：当裂纹深度小于转轴半径的一半时，可以仅考虑垂直裂纹方向的刚度变化；但当裂纹深度大于转轴半径的一半时，裂纹轴的轴向、剪切、弯曲及扭转刚度的影响都要考虑。同时在分析计算含裂纹转子系统动力特性时应对部分耦合刚度有所考虑。三点弯曲试验研究说明，所得的理论结果比以往的理论值更接近实验值，且转轴细长比越大、裂纹深度比越小,结果越精确。     

裂纹非线性呼吸行为对转子临界转速的影响

为了研究复杂涡动引起的裂纹非线性呼吸行为对转子临界转速的影响,构建了带横向裂纹Jeffcott转子的通用运动方程,利用新建运动方程对临界转速附近裂纹转子的稳态响应进行了数值研究。发现裂纹的非线性呼吸行为对转子不但具有增强稳定性的作用(与开裂纹转子相比),而且在一定条件下具有降低振动响应的作用(与无裂纹转子相比)。与无裂纹转子相似,稳定的裂纹转子的临界转速等于响应振幅最大且重心转向约90°对应的转速。裂纹转子的临界转速值随不平衡量方位角在开裂纹和闭裂纹转子固有频率之间变化。在转子实验台上进行了裂纹转子通过临界转速的实验验证,观察数据支持理论研究结果。     

含初始弯曲裂纹转子的振动分析

基于简单铰链裂纹模型,建立了含初始弯曲裂纹转子的无量纲动力学模型,可适用于稳态、瞬态、非线性等不同运动状态下、不同系统参数情形下裂纹转子的振动分析。经解析求解对比了含初始弯曲裂纹转子与无初始弯曲裂纹转子谐波频率成分的差异,计算得到了裂纹激励与初始弯曲激励的参与因子,研究了系统的亚临界共振特性。采用Floquet理论分析了含初始弯曲裂纹转子的稳定性,讨论了不同的刚度变化、阻尼比对系统稳定性的影响,可为裂纹转子识别提供依据     

含横向裂纹Jeffcott转子刚度及动力学特性研究

摘 要：以刚性支承的水平Jeffcott裂纹转子为研究对象,建立了不依赖于重力占优假设的动力学方程,在考虑裂纹张开区域对中性轴位置影响的基础上,利用中性轴理论研究裂纹的开闭规律,由截面惯性矩与惯性积得到开闭裂纹截面各方向刚度系数,详细讨论了不同裂纹深度和不同转速下系统的动力学行为。结果表明：裂纹的存在对截面的法向与切向刚度系数的影响较大,而耦合刚度系数则始终接近于零值;随着裂纹深度的增加,裂纹的开闭过渡过程越明显,系统响应的频谱图趋向复杂,高阶谐波分量更加明显;当转速等于一阶临界转速的分数倍时,系统的固有频率被激发,系统响应出现分数次共振现象。     

大型椭圆振动筛空心裂纹转轴非线性振动特性分析

裂纹产生对振动筛转轴振动特性有很大影响,对其展开研究至关重要。对振动筛空心裂纹转动力学特性进行研究,考虑振动筛振动形态,建立受非线性涡动影响的空心裂纹转轴弯扭耦合动力学模型,分析裂纹深度、振动筛振幅对转轴系统振动特性的影响,转轴转速引起的系统分叉与混沌特性,结果表明,裂纹存在不仅会导致响应中高倍频的产生,而且裂纹深度越大,各倍频幅值越大,增幅明显;振动筛振幅大小对系统主频分量影响最大;转轴系统随着转速增加,系统会出现比较复杂的非线性振动特性。     

双裂纹转子系统非线性动力学特性研究

从断裂力学理论出发,考虑了裂纹强度因子中剪力因素在裂纹截面处的影响,通过建立的裂纹转子精细有限元动力学模型,分析了不同裂纹位置对双裂纹转子系统亚临界、主共振区,及超临界转速下的非线性动力学响应,以及双裂纹转子系统不同裂纹方向角对双裂纹转子系统动力学响应的影响,结果为多裂纹转子系统故障识别提供了理论依据。     

Stress analysis of a strip with a step and a crack

Stress analysis for a strip of which widths are different at the right and left handsides is carried out for before and after occurrence of a crack at a corner of a step. The strip is analyzed as a thin plate bending problem subject to transverse bending and torsion, and as a plane eleastic problem subject to bending in the plane and uniaxial tension. The rational mapping function of a sum of fractional expressions and complex variable method are used. Stress distribution and stress intensity factors are obtained.     

Interaction between a liquid and a cylindrical body touching a wall

An exact solution is obtained for the problem of interaction between the ideal liquid homogeneously moving at infinity and streamlining a round cylinder touching a solid wall.     

Calculation of a transient in a two-pole network with a thermistor

An analytical expression is derived which describes the variation of the thermistor temperature during a relay-effect transient process following an instantaneous change in the supply voltage in an R — R_T two-pole network.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 465–472, March, 1980.     

Influence lines for bending under a ring load of a free shell,a shell embedded in a soft medium and a shell containing a soft core

Summary Theoretical expressions for stresses and displacements have been derived for bending under a ring load of a free shell, a shell embedded in a soft medium, and a shell containing a soft core. Numerical work has been done for typical cases with anElliot 803 Digital Computer and influence lines are drawn therefrom.

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Einflußlinien für die Biegung einer freien Schale, einer Schale in einer weichen Bettung und einer Schale mit weichem Kern

Zusammenfassung Für die Biegung einer freien Schale, einer weich gebetteten Schale und einer Schale mit weichem Kern unter einer Ringlast werden Ausdrücke für die Spannungen und Verschiebungen hergeleitet. Die Ergebnisse wurden für einige typische Fälle mit einem DigitalrechnerElliot 803 numerisch ausgewertet. Die sich ergebenden Einflußlinien wurden graphisch dargestellt.

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Nomenclature A (),B () Functions of - a, t Mean radius and thickness of the shell - E _S , _S Young's modulus andPoisson's ratio of the shell - G _c , _c Shear modulus andPoisson's ratio of the casting or core - I ₀ (r),I ₁ (r) ModifiedBessel functions of the first kind and order zero and one respectively - K ₀ (r),K ₁ (r) ModifiedBessel functions of the second kind and order zero and one respectively - p Ring load, lb/in - U, W Displacement components in the casing or core in thez andr direction - u, w Displacement components of a middle surface point in the shell - _r , _rz Radial and shearing stress components - Independent variable of infinite integrals - k [3(1–S ²)a ²/t ²]^1/4 With 13 Figures     

Imaging a point to a line with a single spherical mirror

Methods for imaging a single point source to a line image are discussed, and a design study of single spherical mirror systems that form aberration-free line images is presented. An expression forthe ray density along the line image is derived for such systems in the cases of (i) uniform beam profiles and (ii) Gaussian beam profiles. The resulting ray density profiles are illustrated for single spherical mirror systems over a wide range of design parameters.     

Piercing a metallic barrier with a jet of a dilute polymer solution

Results are shown pertaining to the action of jets of dilute polymer solutions on solid barriers. The piercing of a barrier is explained by the viscoelastic properties of aggregates which, during an impact, behave like solid particles.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1090–1094, December, 1973.     

Linear heat transfer in a flow around a cylinder or a sphere

It is shown that the relation between the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers determined by the Reynolds analogy is linear with self-similarity of the hydrodynamic resistance coefficient.Special Design and Technology Office Element, Odessa, Ukraine. translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 68, No. 3, May–June, pp. 395–396, 1995.     

Interaction between a cylindrical shell in a fluid and a pulsating bubble

The dynamic behavior of a cylindrical fluid-immersed shell in a pressure wave initiated by a pulsating vapor-gas bubble that develops as a result of the action of laser radiation on the absorbing medium (metal) is examined experimentally and theoretically. The results of the experiments suggest that the amplitude of the shock wave that develops as a result of complete or partial vaporization of the absorbing medium is appreciably smaller than the amplitude of the waves due to pulsations of the bubble that is formed. Experimental data on the pattern of structural deformation are confirmed by calculations. The effect of load simulation on the behavior of the shell is established according to computational data.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 6, pp. 116–120, June, 1990.