两肾一夹高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2的表达

目的:观察两肾一夹(2K1C)高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)蛋白和mRNA的表达。方法:30只雄性Wister大鼠随机分为2组,对照组和2K1C高血压组各15只。鼠尾容积法测定术前、术后1周、4周、8周的血压变化。8周后,免疫组化法检测肾脏ACE2蛋白表达,放射免疫分析法测定心肌组织AngⅡ水平,逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达。结果:①2K1C组术后血压明显高于术前和对照组(P<0.01);②与对照组相比,高血压模型组心肌局部AngⅡ浓度显著升高(P<0.01);③高血压模型组ACE2蛋白和mRNA表达较对照组明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论:2K1C高血压大鼠心肌局部AngⅡ浓度升高,肾脏组织ACE2蛋白和mRNA表达降低,这可能是两肾一夹高血压大鼠血压发生的机理之一     

两肾-夹高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2的表达

目的：观察两肾-夹（2K1C）高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）蛋白和mRNA的表达。方法：30只雄性Wister大鼠随机分为2组,对照组和2K1C高血压组各15只。鼠尾容积法测定术前、术后1周、4周、8周的血压变化。8周后,免疫组化法检测肾脏ACE2蛋白表达,放射免疫分析法测定心肌组织AngⅡ水平,逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）法检测肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达。结果：①2K1C组术后血压明显高于术前和对照组（P〈0．01）;②与对照组相比,高血压模型组心肌局部AngⅡ浓度显著升高（P〈0．01）;③高血压模型组ACE2蛋白和mRNA表达较对照组明显降低（均P〈0．05）。结论：2K1C高血压大鼠心肌局部AngⅡ浓度升高,肾脏组织ACE2蛋白和mRNA表达降低,这可能是两肾-夹高血压大鼠血压发生的机理之一。     

缬沙坦和贝那普利干预对肾性高血压大鼠心室重构的影响

目的从形态学观察评价缬沙坦、贝那普利对肾性高血压大鼠心室重构的改善作用。方法 30只SD大鼠采用经典"两肾一夹法"建立肾性高血压大鼠模型后,随机取24只分为3组,每组8只;另设假手术组8只。缬沙坦干预组给予缬沙坦30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),贝那普利干预组给予贝那普利10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),假手术组、肾性高血压组给予等量生理盐水,给药8周后处死动物,称量计算左室质量指数(LVMI),取左心室组织进行HE染色和Masson染色,根据Masson染色结果计算心肌组织胶原容积分数(CVF)及心肌血管周围胶原面积与管腔面积之比(PVCA)。结果两肾一夹法术后4周可形成稳定肾性高血压大鼠模型,组织切片提示心肌细胞肥大、心肌纤维溶解坏死及心肌纤维化明显;治疗8周后2个药物干预组血压较肾性高血压组明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),LVMI、CVF、PVCA明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),但2个药物干预组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论缬沙坦、贝那普利能够显著改善肾性高血压大鼠心室重构,从形态指标分析比较二者无明显差异。     

缬沙坦对两肾一夹高血压大鼠ACE2/ACE表达的影响

目的观察两肾-夹（2K1C）高血压大鼠肾脏、心脏血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）／ACE的表达变化。了解缬沙坦对大鼠肾脏、心脏ACE2／ACE表达的影响。方法30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组（n=10）;2K1C高血压组（n=10）;2K1C＋缬沙坦组（n=10）。免疫组化法检测ACE2／ACE蛋白表达,放射免疫法检测肾脏局部Ang11水平,尾袖法测量大鼠血压。结果①免疫组化ACE2与ACE均显著表达于肾皮质小管管腔与心肌细胞胞质,ACE在2K1C高血压组表达明显增强而ACE2表达降低,2K1C＋缬沙坦组ACE表达显著降低而ACE2表达增强,差异有统计学意义（P=0．000）;②与对照组相比,2K1C高血压组与2K1C＋缬沙坦组肾脏AngⅡ水平均显著升高（P=0．000）;③2K1C高血压大鼠血压较各组均升高（P：0．000）,缬沙坦治疗组血压明显低于高血压组（P=0．000）。结论2K1C高血压大鼠组织中ACE2表达降低而ACE表达增强,缬沙坦可增加组织ACE2表达,降低ACE表达并有效降压。     

苯那普利单用及与伊贝沙坦合用对SHR心肌、肾皮质TGFβ3 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)苯那普利单用及与血管紧张素II-1型受体拮抗剂(ARB)伊贝沙坦合用,对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压及心肌、肾皮质转化生长因子β 3(TGFβ 3)mRNA表达的影响.方法选用12周龄SHR 24只,随机分苯那普利组、苯那普利与伊贝沙坦联合干预组、SHR组,每组8只.采用灌胃法分别给苯那普利组大鼠灌入苯那普利(8mg·kg·d-1),联合干预组大鼠灌入苯那普利(8mg·kg-1·d-1)与伊贝沙坦(40mg·kg-1·d-1)混合液;SHR和WKY对照组灌入自来水,共8周.观察药物对心率、血压及处死后左心室心肌和肾皮质TGF β 3 mRNA表达水平的影响.结果与SHR对照组比较,苯那普利组、苯那普利与伊贝沙坦联合干预组大鼠,其心肌和肾皮质TGFβ 3 mRNA表达和血压水平较SHR组大鼠显著降低(P＜0.01);而与苯那普利组大鼠比较,联合干预组大鼠心肌、肾皮质TGFβ 3 mRNA表达没有显著降低(P＞0.05).结论 ACEI苯那普利单用和ARB与ACEI合用均能显著降低SHR的血压及抑制心肌、肾皮质TGFβ 3的mRNA表达,这可能是防治高血压心、肾靶器官损害的机制之一.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利对腹膜透析患者血压及血压晨峰的影响

目的研究苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利对腹膜透析患者血压及血压晨峰(MBPS)的影响。方法 155例高血压肾病或肾性高血压腹膜透析患者经过2周安慰剂导入期筛选出135例,随机分为2组,治疗组75例给予苯磺酸氨氯地平和贝那普利口服;对照组60例给予硝苯地平缓释片和贝那普利口服,治疗12周后随访血压12周,每2周随访1次,观察2组24h动态血压(ABP)的平均SBP(MSBP)、平均DBP(MDBP),白昼SBP、DBP,夜间SBP、DBP和MBPS阳性率变化。结果 2组治疗后MSBP、MDBP均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),治疗组降低幅度较对照组明显(P<0.01);2组治疗后白昼和夜间的SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.01),治疗组降低幅度比对照组降低幅度大(P<0.01);对照组治疗后MBPS阳性率为43.0%,治疗组为22.5%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利可降低高血压肾病或肾性高血压腹膜透析患者的SBP、DBP和MBPS。     

N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯诱导的高血压大鼠胸主动脉血管紧张素转换酶2和血管紧张素转换酶的表达

目的 通过观察高血压大鼠胸主动脉组织中血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)、ACE2活性及mRNA表达的改变,探讨ACE2及其与ACE相互平衡对高血压的调节作用.方法 40只血压正常且年龄匹配的SD大鼠分为模型组和对照组,每组20只.模型组大鼠每100 mL饮水中加入Nω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)50 mg,每日摄入L-NAME 50 mg/kg,制作高血压模型;按照L-NAME的摄入时间分为第2、4、8、12周4个亚组(n=5);对照组设立相同的亚组,于相应时间分别摄入相同体积的清水.采用总活性比色法检测胸主动脉ACE和ACE2活性;RT-PCR技术检测胸主动脉ACE和ACE2 mRNA的表达.结果 模型组大鼠在服用L-NAME后第4、8、12周,血压均较相应对照组显著升高(P＜0.05);而对照组各亚组入组前后血压差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).服用L-NAME后第4、8、12周,模型组大鼠的胸主动脉组织ACE活性和mRNA相对表达量均较相应对照组显著升高(P＜0.05),ACE2活性及其mRNA相对表达量均较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05);对照组各亚组间ACE、ACE2活性和mRNA相对表达量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 通过抑制NO合成所导致的高血压的发病过程中,胸主动脉组织ACE2、ACE的mRNA表达及活性与血压升高有关.     

自发性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2的表达

目的  观察不同月龄的自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平,探讨ACE2与血压状态的内在联系。  方法  12周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)18只和12周龄Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠18只。随机分为SHR组和WKY组,每组抽取各9只处死后与喂养12周后处死的24周龄大鼠一并进行ACE2的检测。采用实时定量RT-PCR法检测ACE2 mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学检测ACE2蛋白的表达。  结果  与同周龄WKY组比较,SHR组大鼠的血压显著增加(P均＜0.001),ACE2 mRNA表达显著降低(P均＜0.001);与12周龄SHR组比较,24周龄SHR的血压显著增加(P＜0.01),ACE2 mRNA表达显著降低(P＜0.01);与同周龄的WKY组比较,SHR组肾脏ACE2免疫染色表达显著减少。 结论  肾脏ACE2 mRNA和蛋白质的表达与血压升高相关。     

L-精氨酸对肾性高血压大鼠心血管组织RAS的影响

目的探讨一氧化氮前体L-精氨酸对肾血管性高血压大鼠心血管组织局部肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的影响.方法采用两肾一夹(2K1C)型肾血管性高血压大鼠模型.所有大鼠被随机分为4组(每组10只):①假手术对照组;②高血压对照组;③L-精氨酸治疗组,于术后第5周开始给予L-精氨酸200 mg·kg-1·d-1;④L-NAME处理组,于术后第5周开始同时给予L-NAME10 mg·kg-1·d-1及L-精氨酸200 mg·kg-1·d-1.采用标准尾套法间接检测清醒大鼠血压.给药8周后,大鼠处死,分离心脏及主动脉用于检测组织血管紧张素Ⅱ含量(放射免疫法检测)和血管紧张素转换酶活性(分光光度计法检测).结果与假手术对照组大鼠相比,未给药2K1C高血压大鼠血压明显升高,心脏及主动脉的血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量增加和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)活性增高.应用L-精氨酸治疗则明显抑制了肾动脉狭窄术后大鼠血压的升高,降低了2K1C高血压大鼠心脏及主动脉的AngⅡ含量和ACE活性.NOS抑制剂L-NAME明显抑制了L-精氨酸的上述作用.结论长疗程L-精氨酸降压机制可能与抑制心血管组织局部RAS有关.     

培哚普利对肾性高血压大鼠血浆内皮素-1、血管紧张素Ⅱ和高敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的观察培哚普利对两肾一夹(2K1C)高血压大鼠血管内皮功能及炎性反应的影响。方法 45只大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组,2K1C高血压组(模型组),2K1C+培哚普利2.4mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)组(培哚普利组),每组15只。于术前及给药不同时间点大鼠尾动脉加压方法测量血压,给药12周后测定大鼠心脏体质量比(HWI),同时采用硝酸还原法测定血清一氧化氮(NO)水平,用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)水平,放射免疫法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平,免疫比浊法测定高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。结果与假手术组比较,模型组术后各时点SBP水平均显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,培哚普利组SBP均有不同程度下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与假手术组比较,模型组HWI和AngⅡ水平升高,NO水平降低,ET-1、hs-CRP水平增高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,培哚普利组HWI和AngⅡ水平降低,NO水平升高,ET-1、hs-CRP水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论培哚普利在降压的同时能改善高血压大鼠的血管内皮功能和炎性反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.