多次献血者T淋巴细胞亚群检测

献血者作为正常人群中的一组特殊人群，他们的细胞免疫功能与普通正常人群有无差异，多次献血对人体的细胞免疫功能影响如何，笔者尚未见报道。为此选择一组多次献血者，测定了其外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的表达，现将结果报告如下。１材料与方法１．１检测对象试验组：３０人...     

双份机采血小板献血者T、B淋巴细胞亚群研究

目的 研究T、B淋巴细胞亚群在双份机采血小板献血者献血前后及一般对照人群中的表达变化,探讨双份机采血小板对献血者淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 应用流式细胞术检测50例双份机采血小板献血前、后及50例未献血对照者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,包括CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD19+淋巴细胞百分比及CD3+ CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值.结果 双份机采血小板献血者献血前、后CD3+T淋巴细胞百分比、CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞百分比、CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞百分比、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值及CD19+B淋巴细胞百分比与正常对照组四项指标相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 双份机采血小板对献血者T、B淋巴细胞亚群均无明显影响.     

长期单采血小板献血者甲状旁腺激素水平改变及其对献血者免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨长期单采血小板献血者甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平的改变及其对献血者免疫功能的影响.方法 采用简单随机抽样法按性别构成比为1∶1,选择2015年10月7日至2015年12月5日于烟台市中心血站行单采血小板捐献的30例献血者作为研究对象,纳入研究组(n=30).研究组纳入标准:①献血品种为单采血小板;②捐献单采血小板5年以上,且每年捐献单采血小板次数≥10次;③献血前相关体检和血液学检查结果均符合《献血者健康检查要求》(GB18467-2011).排除标准:①献血者献血前相关体检和血液学检查结果中,任何一项不符合《献血者健康检查要求》(GB 18467-2011);②不愿意参加试验者.按性别、年龄匹配后,随机选择同期于本站首次捐献全血的献血者30例纳入对照组(n=30).对照组纳入标准:①首次献血;②献血品种为全血;③献血前相关体检和血液学检查结果均符合《献血者健康检查要求》(GB18467-2011).排除标准:①献血者献血前相关体检和血液学检查结果中,任何一项不符合《献血者健康检查要求》(GB 18467-2011);②不愿意参加试验者.采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测研究组献血者献血前,献血后1、24 h及7d,以及对照组献血者献血前的血浆PTH水平和免疫球蛋白(Ig)M、IgG、IgA水平;采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测研究组献血者献血前,献血后1、24 h及7d,以及对照组献血者献血前的CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、CD4+ CD8+T细胞等T细胞亚群表达水平;并采用统计学方法比较上述各指标水平变化情况.两组献血者年龄、性别构成比等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).献血者本人认可对献血与健康相关性进行研究的必要性,自愿配合本项研究,并与之签署知情同意书.结果 ①研究组献血者献血前PTH水平与对照组相比,水平增高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血浆IgM、IgG、IgA水平,以及CD3+T细胞绝对数、CD4+T细胞绝对数、CD8+T细胞绝对数、CD4+ CD8+T细胞绝对数、CD4+T细胞百分比、CD8+T细胞百分比、CD4+ CD8+T细胞百分比、CD3+CD4+T细胞/CD3+ CD8+T细胞比值,与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②研究组献血者献血后1 h PTH水平为(72.47±7.25)ng/L,较采集前的(54.70±6.59)ng/L和对照组的(51.90±7.62)ng/L均显著增高,且差异有统计学意义(t=9.937、10.712,P＜0.01);研究组献血者献血后24 h及7 d PTH水平与采集前及对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);研究组献血者献血后1、24 h和7d的IgM、IgG、IgA水平与采集前及对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③研究组献血者献血后1、24 h和7d的CD3+T细胞绝对数、CD4+T细胞绝对数、CD8+T细胞绝对数、CD4+ CD8+T细胞绝对数、CD4+T细胞百分比、CD8+T细胞百分比、CD4+ CD8+T细胞百分比、CD3+CD4+T细胞/CD3+ CD8+T细胞比值,与采集前和对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 长期单采血小板献血者PTH水平有短暂升高,但未发现其对献血者机体免疫功能产生影响,我国目前的单采血小板捐献模式不会影响无偿献血者的健康.     

定期无偿献血者T细胞免疫功能的研究

目的通过对定期无偿全血捐献者、定期无偿血小板捐献者2个特殊健康人群的T细胞数量以及细胞活化、细胞因子分泌功能的研究,评价定期献血对机体T细胞免疫功能的影响。方法采用流式细胞术对3组人群(定期无偿全血捐献者、定期无偿血小板捐献者、对照组)外周血中T细胞总数、CD4+T细胞群及CD8+T细胞群进行数量分析;分离外周血淋巴细胞体外培养,加丝裂原植物凝集素PHA刺激T细胞活化,流式细胞术检测CD4+CD25+活化T细胞群;Lum inex 100多功能液相分析平台检测细胞因子IL-2的分泌量。结果定期无偿全血捐献组及定期无偿血小板捐献组的T细胞总数及CD4+T细胞群、CD8+T细胞群的数量与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T细胞活化指标CD25+、CD69+均在培养d4(72h)表达最高;定期无偿捐献全血组CD4+CD25+活化T细胞以及IL-2分泌量与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);定期无偿捐献血小板组CD4+CD25+活化T细胞以及IL-2的分泌量高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论机体通过强大的正负免疫调节,使定期献血者T细胞的数量和功能维持稳定状态。     

江苏地区女性全血献血者铁营养状况调查

目的调查女性全血献血者铁营养状况,评估铁缺乏情况。方法 2017年5月和2018年2月,随机采集220例女性献血者血样,采用全自动生化仪检测女性献血者血清铁4项。结果多次献血的女性献血者的血清铁蛋白水平低于初次献血者。除了血清铁蛋白水平在初次献血者和多次献血者之间有统计学差异外,其他3项血清铁指标在2者之间无统计学差异。初次献血者的铁缺乏率为11.9%,多次献血者铁缺乏率为22.4%,且2者比较具有统计学差异。育龄女性(30—45)岁献血者的铁缺乏率最高为16.7%,但与其他年龄组铁缺乏率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论铁缺乏情况在多次献血的女性全血献血者,尤其育龄女性中更普遍,建议在可能的情况下对多次献血的女性献血者检测血清铁蛋白浓度并进行铁的相关知识教育和辅以铁剂补充。     

对多次单采血小板献血者外周血象部分参数变化的观察

目的探讨多次反复捐献单采血小板对献血者外周血象部分参数的影响。方法选择2013年1月-2015年12月间,连续2年捐献机采血小板且每年捐献16次以上的献血者54例,每献血3次取样1次,共12次,比较其献血前的外周血象4项指标的变化。结果比较血小板(Plt)、红细胞计数(RBC)和红细胞比容(Hct),多次献血前后差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血红蛋白(Hb)多次献血后和初次献血时比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多次捐献单采血小板可以使献血者血红蛋白降低。     

多次献血对献血者免疫功能的影响

反复献血对献血者重要脏器功能不会带来不良影响，但可能造成献血者NK细胞活性的降低。笔者为了研究反复献血对献血者T淋巴细胞亚群的表达及体液免疫的影响，对照检测了反复献血者与未献过血者的T细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白，现将结果报告如下。     

多次单采血小板献血者血常规变化分析

目的：探讨多次反复捐献单采血小板（PL T ）对献血者健康的影响。方法选择2012年7月至2013年9月献血次数15次以上的无偿献血者57例,比较其首次献血前与末次献血前献血者外周血7项指标的变化。结果 PLT、PLT平均体积（MPV）、血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞比容（HCT）末次采集前与首次采集前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;白细胞（WBC）计数、红细胞（RBC）计数、红细胞平均体积（MCV）末次采集前与首次采集前比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论多次捐献单采PLT 可以促进骨髓造血功能,对机体并无明显不利影响。     

献血45d后献血者部分生化和免疫指标变化的研究

目的分析无偿献血者献血后部分生化免疫参数的变化及其对机体功能恢复能力的影响。方法选择生活、工作环境相同,饮食种类和运动量基本一致的献血者250名,年龄18—26岁,按血液采集标准步骤采集外周静脉血,分别测定其总蛋白、白蛋白、总淋巴细胞(CD3)、T辅助细胞(CD4)和T抑制细胞(CD8)浓度(数),45d后再次采集血液测定相同参数并进行比较。结果与献血前比较,所测定的献血后外周血中的生化指标变化无统计学意义(P>0.05);血液中总蛋白和白蛋白浓度均在正常范围内,与献血前比较其浓度明显增加(P<0.05);四色流式细胞仪检测显示,献血后CD3、CD4和CD8均显著增高(P<0.01),CD4/CD8比值变化无统计学意义(P>0.05);此外,还显示献400ml者的总蛋白、白蛋白和总淋巴细胞数有高于献200ml者的趋势。结论献血能启动献血者机体应激反应系统,蛋白合成增加,T细胞亚群比例升高,使机体进入新的平衡状态。     

外周血T细胞趋化性细胞因子受体5的表达与高血压的关系

<正>高血压是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题,影响全球10亿人。高血压的危害性在于最终导致的靶器官损害。近些年,人们逐渐认识到低度炎症反应在心血管疾病中的作用,T细胞参与的炎症、免疫反应在高血压发生、发展中起着重要的作用。本实验通过评估高血压患者有无亚临床靶器官损害,检测外周血T细胞亚群功能活化标志物CCR5的表达比例,探讨外周血T细胞功能状态与高血压及亚临床靶器官损害的关系。     

The nucleic acids of T2, T4, and T6 bacteriophages

The deoxyribonucleic acids of the wild type strains of the T₂, T₄, and T₆ bacteriophages have been shown to contain glucose as an integral part of the molecule; the amount of hexose present in each nucleic acid differs. A study of the acid degradation products of the three nucleic acids has revealed that in each instance glucose is linked to the apurinic acid component. In the case of the T₆ nucleic acid it was found that two molecules of glucose are linked to hydroxymethylcytidylic acid. The other mononucleotides contained no glucose. From the results which have been presented here, and from data presented by others, it can be concluded that the three viral nucleic acids differ in that they contain different proportions of free and glucose-substituted hydroxymethylcytidylic acids.     

Regulatory T cells--the renaissance of the suppressor T cells

Immune reactions are stringently regulated and balanced by complex interactions of stimulating and suppressing mechanisms. Dysfunctions of this sophisticated immune regulatory network can lead to a variety of diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and pregnancy disorders. The rediscovery of suppressor T cells a decade ago--now designated as T regulatory cells--set off a huge avalanche of research activities leading to a multitude of preclinical and clinical studies. Herein, we give a comprehensive review about this research on T regulatory cells and the relevance of this suppressive T cell population for the development of innovative immune therapeutic strategies.     

Reprogramming of virus-specific T cells into leukemia-reactive T cells using T cell receptor gene transfer

T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) might be responsible for eradication of hematological malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We investigated whether transfer of T cell receptors (TCRs) directed against mHags, exclusively expressed on hematopoietic cells, could redirect virus-specific T cells toward antileukemic reactivity, without the loss of their original specificity. Generation of T cells with dual specificity may lead to survival of these TCR-transferred T cells for prolonged periods of time in vivo due to transactivation of the endogenous TCR of the tumor-reactive T cells by the latent presence of viral antigens. Furthermore, TCR transfer into restricted T cell populations, which are nonself reactive, will minimize the risk of autoimmunity. We demonstrate that cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells can be efficiently reprogrammed into leukemia-reactive T cells by transfer of TCRs directed against the mHag HA-2. HA-2-TCR-transferred CMV-specific T cells derived from human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ or HLA-A2- individuals exerted potent antileukemic as well as CMV reactivity, without signs of anti-HLA-A2 alloreactivity. The dual specificity of these mHag-specific, TCR-redirected virus-specific T cells opens new possibilities for the treatment of hematological malignancies of HLA-A2+ HA-2-expressing patients transplanted with HLA-A2-matched or -mismatched donors.     

Infection of human T lymphotropic virus-I-specific immune T cell clones by human T lymphotropic virus-I.

Human T lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)-specific T cell lines were established and cloned. K5, an OKT8+ clone bearing multiple proviral integration sites, retained its HTLV-I-specific cytotoxicity and a normal dependence on interleukin 2 (IL-2), indicating that there is a finite number of transforming integration sites. R2, an OKT4+ HTLV-I-infected clone, initially mounted a proliferative response to HTLV-I; but then its IL-2-independent proliferation increased and the antigen specificity was lost. All HTLV-I-infected clones tested including K7, another OKT8+ transformed cytotoxic clone that had lost its reactivity, expressed comparable levels of T cell receptor beta-chain (TCR-beta) messenger (m)RNA. Although clones K5 and K7 had different functional properties, they had the same rearrangement of the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that they had the same clonal origin. These data indicate that HTLV-I-specific T cells retain their immune reactivity for variable periods of time following infection, but then usually lose it; in some cases, however, no alteration in function can be detected. The data also suggest that different consequences can take place in the same clone depending on the pattern of retroviral infection.     

T cell proliferation induced by anti-self-I-A-specific T cell hybridomas. Evidence of a T cell network

Allo-I-A-reactive T cell hybridomas were generated from MLR-activated lymphoblasts. Cloned hybridomas T1.203, T1.321, and T1.426 were stimulated by I-Ab determinants, as shown by their ability to secrete IL-2 in response to a panel of MHC-recombinant mice. T2.146, T2.205, and T3.116 were found to be specific for I-Ak determinants using a similar panel of MHC-recombinant mice. Inhibition of IL-2 secretion by anti-I-A mAb confirmed these data. Some I-Ab-specific hybrids stimulated the proliferation of T cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. Similarly, some I-Ak-specific hybrids stimulated the proliferation of T cells from C3H/HeJ (H-2k) mice. These hybrids expressed no detectable surface I-A, and stimulation of T cells was not inhibited by anti-I-A mAb. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that normal mice possess a population of T cells responsive to idiotypic determinants on anti-MHC class II T cell receptors.     

Engager T Cells: A New Class of Antigen-specific T Cells That Redirect Bystander T Cells

Adoptive immunotherapy with antigen-specific T cells has shown promise for the treatment of malignancies. However, infused T cells are unable to redirect resident T cells, limiting potential benefit. While the infusion of bispecific T-cell engagers can redirect resident T cells to tumors, these molecules have a short half-life, and do not self amplify. To overcome these limitations, we generated T cells expressing a secretable T-cell engager specific for CD3 and EphA2, an antigen expressed on a broad range of human tumors (EphA2-ENG T cells). EphA2-ENG T cells were activated and recognized tumor cells in an antigen-dependent manner, redirected bystander T cells to tumor cells, and had potent antitumor activity in glioma and lung cancer severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) xenograft models associated with a significant survival benefit. This new class of tumor-specific T cells, with the unique ability to redirect bystander T cells, may be a promising alternative to current immunotherapies for cancer.     

T-淋巴瘤细胞的超微结构

为了研究T细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓中恶性T细胞（malignant T cell，MTC）的超微结构，用流式细胞术分析13例T细胞淋巴瘤患者骨髓浸润MTC抗原表达，电子显微镜观察MTC的形态结构。结果发现：所有患者MTC大小不等，6／13例细胞大小轻度不均，7例显著不均，直径范围在12-28μm之间。所有患者MTC核异染色质少于正常淋巴细胞，核仁范围在2-8μm之间；10／13例细胞核不规则。8／13例MTC胞浆丰富；7／13例细胞表面有丰富的突起或伪足。5／13例Golgi体、分泌泡、致密颗粒和微丝较丰富；8／13例MTC线粒体肿胀明显。结论：骨髓MTC体积普遍不均匀增大；细胞核折叠、切迹、扭曲与核旁微丝增加相关。患者MTC表面突彤绒毛与胞浆Golgi体、分泌泡、致密颗粒及中间微丝呈明显同步发育，大部分患者MTC线粒体明显水肿。     

MR colonography: 1.5T versus 3T

MR colonography is a powerful noninvasive method to image colorectal masses and inflammatory bowel disease. This article describes current techniques of MR colonography and compares its implementation at 1.5T and 3T.     

MR cholangiopancreatography: 1.5T versus 3T

Soon after its introduction in 1991, MR cholangiopancreatography has become an established diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system at a field strength of 1.5T. It remains unclear whether MR cholangiopancreatography performed at 3T will benefit from the higher magnetic field strength or whether a field strength of 1.5T should continue to be considered the gold standard for MR cholangiopancreatography. This article reviews the current literature on the benefits and drawbacks of MR cholangiopancreatography at 3T compared with a standard field strength of 1.5T. Field strength-related artifacts that affect MR cholangiopancreatography at 3T also are discussed.     

MR imaging of the prostate: 1.5T versus 3T

Over the past several years, evidence supporting the use of MR imaging in the evaluation of prostate cancer has grown. Almost all this work has been performed at 1.5T. The gradual introduction of 3T scanners into clinical practice provides a potential opportunity to improve the quality and usefulness of prostate imaging. Increased signal to noise allows for imaging at higher resolution, higher temporal resolution, or higher bandwidth. Although this may improve the quality of conventional T2-weighted prostate imaging, which has been the standard sequence for detecting and localizing prostate cancer for years, the real potential for improvement at 3T involves more advanced techniques, such as spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast imaging, and susceptibility imaging. This review presents the current data on 3T MR imaging of the prostate as well as the authors' impressions based on their experience at Yale-New Haven Hospital.