Design of a Compact Sub-Terahertz Gyrotron for Spectroscopic Applications

In this paper we present the initial design of a novel and versatile high frequency gyrotron with parameters suitable for application to various spectroscopic studies that require coherent radiation in the subterahertz frequency range (such as NMR/DNP spectroscopy, ESR spectroscopy, spectrometer based on the X-ray detected magnetic resonance etc.). The most characteristic feature of the design is that it utilises a compact, cryogen-free 8 T superconducting magnet. As a result, the overall dimensions of the entire device are considerably reduced in comparison with the previously developed tubes belonging to the Gyrotron FU and Gyrotron FU CW series. This makes the novel gyrotron highly portable to diverse laboratory environments and easily embeddable to different measuring systems. The electron-optical system (EOS) of the tube is based on a compact low-voltage magnetron injection gun (MIG), which has been specially designed and optimized together with the resonant cavity using our problem-oriented software package GYROSIM for CAD of gyrotrons. The tube operates at the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency and generates a radiation with an output power of about 100 W and a frequency tunable up to around 424 GHz, respectively.     

谐振腔增强型红外光电探测器的反射镜的分析与优化设计

针对顶镜和底镜最上层厚度为二分之一中心波长的分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),引入了现代光学薄膜技术中虚设层的概念,并进行了详细的理论分析和说明,用传输矩阵法推导了DBR的反射率,对其顶镜和底镜的反射率在真实器件的条件下进行计算,仿真得到了采用不同的顶层厚度的DBR的反射率及其与Si-DiO2层的对数、波长等的关系,证明了虚设层理论分析的正确性,对设计高性能谐振腔增强型红外光电探测器具有指导意义.     

220 GHz同轴腔回旋管的研究

同轴谐振腔是目前有望提高电子效率的方法之一,在圆柱腔中加入内导体轴,可以使工作模附近的模谱变稀有利于模式选择,抑制模式竞争,有利于电子束的降压回收。本文通过对同轴波导进行理论研究,分析了各种参数对其的影响,并用计算机编程进行数值分析,最终得出了理论上电子效率可以达到40%以上的同轴腔体结构。     

A W-band Third Harmonic Gyrotron with an Iris Cavity

The design and experimental results of a W-band gyrotron operating at the third cyclotron harmonic are presented. The gyrotron is designed to operate at the TE₆₁ mode, which is significantly distinct from competing modes. An iris cavity is employed for the purpose of trapping the third harmonic mode more effectively and lowering its start current. In the experiment, the gyrotron is drived by a triode magnetron injection gun (MIG) which can produce a 45 kV, 3 A electron beam. When maximum axial magnetic field is 1.22 T, a single mode third harmonic gyrotron radiation is observed with the frequency of 94.86 GHz. The maximum output power is 5.5 kW, corresponding to an efficiency of 4%. Another third harmonic mode TE₀₂ is also detected at 88.8 GHz, with maximum output power of 1.5 kW.     

Theory and Numerical Modeling of a Compact Low-Field High-Frequency Gyrotron

The electron-cyclotron maser interaction provides an extremely efficient means of generating high-power radiation in the millimeter and submillimeter regimes. For devices where both high frequencies and low magnetic fields are required, high cyclotron-harmonic interactions must be considered. We present here a finear and nonlinear analysis of a TE/sub m11/ whispering-gallery-mode gyrotron. Resonances at the mth and (m +- 1)th cyclotron harmonic are found. The start oscillation condition is calculated from linear theory for a wide range of parameters. Maximum efficiency for different beam and cavity conditions is calculated with a fully relativistic numerical simulation code. High efficiencies, >35 percent, have been found at the mth cyclotron harmonic. The effect on the efficiency of an initial velocity spread in the electron beam has also been considered.     

94GHz渐变复合腔回旋管的设计与实验

根据注-波互作用自洽非线性理论,设计了一种二次谐波回旋管的渐变复合腔结构,并进行了数值模拟;通过采用波纹波导结构和不同的相位重匹配技术进行优化分析,设计了一种94GHz波纹波导模式转换器;根据模拟计算结果研制出了94GHz渐变复合腔二次谐波回旋管。实际测试的结果表明：所研制的回旋管在电子注电压50kV,电流8．8A,工作磁场1．56T时工作频率为94．2GHz,峰值输出功率为115kW,平均输出功率为3kW,效率为26％。     

激光谐振腔的单片机精密控制系统

本文介绍了一种在单片机控制下能实现对大功率CO2 激光器光腔进行精细调节的装置。介绍控制系统的重要硬件与软件设计与实验研究等。这是一个简单实用的控制系统。     

Resonant Frequency and Q of an Open-Ended Rectangular Cavity

A field analysis of the TE /sub 10m/ resonant mode in an open-ended rectangular cavity is presented. The cavity geometry consists of rectangular waveguide with thick H-plane bifurcations for the terminations at each end. The bifurcation problem is solved by the method of modal analysis and a resonance criterion is established. Expressions for the cavity fields are written and used to compute stored energy, power lost, and Q. Calculated values for resonant frequency and Q are given and compared with experimental data.     

掺铒光纤谐振腔陀螺的谐振腔设计

光纤谐振腔作为谐振式光学陀螺的核心传感器件,其性能直接决定了谐振式光学陀螺的灵敏度。目前使用的光纤谐振腔存在着品质因数偏低的问题,极大地限制了谐振式光学陀螺极限灵敏度的提升。将掺铒光纤引入到光纤谐振腔中并外加高稳定性的泵浦激光器形成掺铒光纤谐振腔,从而有效提升了谐振腔的品质因数。通过对激光功率、掺铒光纤长度等参数的实验探索,确定了最佳的掺铒光纤谐振腔的设计参数,实现了应用于谐振式光学陀螺品质因数为1.44×109的掺铒光纤谐振腔。搭建了基于掺铒光纤腔的谐振式光学陀螺测试系统,经实验测试该系统的零偏稳定性为0.077 5°/s,验证了掺铒光纤腔在陀螺系统中的应用,为新型角速度测量技术提供了新的研究思路和发展方向。     

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of a New Type of Complex Cavity for Gyrotron Applications

A new type of complex cavity structure is used to improve the selectivity of modes in gyrotron resonant cavity with a rational position of inter-cavity wall and the shape of coupling holes between inter- and outer-cavities. The resonant characteristics of the complex cavity operating in TE₀₂₁/TE₀₃₁ mode at Ka frequency band are simulated and analyzed with Ansoft HFSS code, which shows that mode competition can effectively be alleviated with the cavity structure and it may be useful to the formation of clustered-cavity for extending interaction frequency bandwidth.     

激光谐振腔的自动控制系统

文中介绍了激光谐振腔的控制系统设计。     

Properties of a Second Harmonic Gyrotron Cavity with Internal Blazed Grating

Spectral domain analysis, scattering matrix analysis and PIC simulations are used here to design a second harmonic gyrotron cavity with an internal blazed grating which favors operation at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency rather than operation at the electron cyclotron frequency itself. Based on these simulations, the cavity design is optimized. The results show that a new gyrotron with higher power and higher frequency can be achieved by incorporating such a blazed grating.     

Particle Simulation of a 35-GHz Third-Harmonic Low-Voltage Complex Cavity Gyrotron

A self-consistent particle simulation code has been developed for the research of a 35-GHz third-harmonic Low-voltage complex cavity gyrotron. Aided with microcomputer we use FORTRAN to simulate the process of interaction between electron beam and electromagnetic field. About 7000 macro particles are included at the same time. In the program many useful physical graphs are accessible for the further research of this kind of gyrotron such as the field profile, electrons distribution in various spaces, output power, efficiency and et al. Such simulation results may be helpful to the optimization of devices operation parameters     

双频带通滤波器的优化设计

利用阶跃阻抗谐振器优化,设计了一个工作在无线局域网(2.4/5.2GHz)的双频带通滤波器。通过奇、偶模分析,在阶跃阻抗谐振器理论计算公式基础上,根据不同的阻抗比条件,阶跃阻抗谐振器谐振频率比与阶跃阻抗高、低阻抗电长度之比的关系曲线,可以方便地确定阶跃阻抗谐振器的谐振频率和电长度,通过sonnet电路仿真软件验证了设计的合理性,并给出了用于无线通信2.4、5.2 GHz双频带通滤波器的设计结果。该带通滤波器可以分别在2.4、5.2 GHz处得到较好的通带性。由于交叉耦合的存在,该双频带通滤波器在两个通带端各有一个传输零点,以此来提高滤波器的通带频率选择性。最后,测量结果与仿真结果基本吻合。     

On the Resonant Frequency of a Reentrant Cylindrical Cavity

A new efficient method determining the resonant frequency of a reentrant cylindrical cavity is suggested. The method is based on solving the Helmholtz equation within two cavity regions and matching the solutions across the boundary surface. Contrary to similar formulations published previously, the continuity conditions on the boundary are imposed in a rigorous way. As a result the solution is obtained in a form of succesive approximations converging to the exact resonant frequency when a number of iterations tend toward infinity. Numerical examples are given for a few reentrant cavities of typical dimensions. Comparison is also made with experimental data as well as other theoretical results.     

Resonant Frequency of Open-Ended Cylindrical Cavity

The TE/sub 011/ mode of oscillation in an open-ended circular cylindrical microwave cavity is analyzed. The cavity consists of a circular waveguide that is terminated at each end with a thin cylindrical partition coaxial with the circular waveguide. The resonant frequency of the cavity is computed by using Laplace transform and Wiener-Hopf techniques. Numerical values for the resonant frequency are presented.     

Dependence of Output Power on Cavity Length in a Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillator

A relativistic electron beam (500 keV, 200 A, 10 ns) generated magnetically tunable microwave radiation in a frequency range of 9-13 GHz when it is injected into an X-band rectangular waveguide immersed in a uniform axial magnetic field (4-10 kG). The mechanism of the microwave radiation was identified as the gyrotron backward wave interaction. The output power of the radiated microwave increased exponentially with the increase of the cavity length.     

Design of a Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a Frequency Step-Tunable Gyrotron

The quasi-optical mode converter for a frequency step-tunable gyrotron which consists of a dimpled-wall antenna (Denisov-type launcher) and a beam-forming mirror system has been optimized for 9 modes from TE_17,6 at 105 GHz to TE_23,8 at 143 GHz. The first mirror is a large quasi-elliptical focusing one; the second and third are phase-correcting mirrors with a non-quadratic shape of the surface. The results of calculations show that for these modes the Denisov-type launcher has a well-focused beam with low diffraction losses, and the radiation pattern presents an almost identical field shape for all modes considered. A multi-mode optimization of the phase-correcting mirrors with two different methods has been tested. The simulations show that the phase-correcting mirrors can be used for broadband operation in the frequency range from 105 GHz up to 143 GHz in the various design modes. This quasi-optical mode converter can achieve efficiencies of 94%-98% for converting the rotating high-order cylindrical cavity modes into the usable fundamental Gaussian mode.     

新型长波长InP基谐振腔增强型光探测器

介绍了一种新型长波长InP基谐振腔增强型(RCE)光探测器。通过V(FeCl3):V(H2O)溶液对InGaAs牺牲层的选择性湿法腐蚀,制备出具有InP/空气隙的高反射率分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),并将该选择性湿法腐蚀技术成功地应用到长波长InP基谐振腔增强型光探测器的制备中去,从而彻底解决了InP/InGaAsP高反射率分布布拉格反射镜难以外延生长的问题。所制备出的谐振腔增强型光探测器,其台面面积为50μm×50μm,底部反射镜为1.5对的InP/空气隙分布布拉格反射镜,顶部反射镜靠InGaAsP与空气的界面反射来实现。测试结果表明,该谐振腔增强型光探测器在波长1.510μm处获得了约59％的峰值量子效率,在3V反偏压下暗电流为2nA,3dB响应带宽达到8GHz。