一种快速提取连续CT脑肿瘤病灶区的算法

脑肿瘤图像提取就是将肿瘤病灶区域(水肿、坏死、癌变)从正常的脑部组织(灰质、白质、脑脊液)分开,精确的脑肿瘤分割对脑瘤的诊断、研究和治疗有重要的临床意义;针对传统脑部CT肿瘤病灶提取的缺点,即需要耗费大量时间并且分割精度不高的问题,提出一种综合了形态学重建、分水岭分割和改进的区域生长算法;先用形态学重建进行去噪,再用结合多尺度梯度分水岭分割提取整个图像的边界,然后在肿瘤病灶区域内选取种子点进行区域生长,提取肿瘤区域轮廓,滤除其他封闭区域,得到的图像作为改进的区域生长法的初始分割区域,使用改进的区域生长法,滤除过分割区域;实验结果显示该算法分割出的结果有效区域大,分割精度高;该算法提高了分割精度,由于不用匹配结构参数,加快了分割速度,具有一定的临床价值。     

基于改进水平集图像分割方法的乳腺超声病灶提取

准确高效的乳腺超声病灶提取技术具有重要应用价值,但超声图像灰度不均匀、伪影重、噪声强、乳腺病灶区域与周围组织相似度较高等特有属性给自动分割带来很大挑战。RSF模型是一种较为成功的图像分割方法,但对初始轮廓和噪声较敏感,直接用于病灶提取有待改进。针对图像局部分割需求,通过预提取初始分割区域作为水平集的初始条件,有助于提高分割精度;以局部能量为主导,较好地处理灰度不匀的超声特质,增加全局能量项以使零水平集能够更好地定位在弱边界;引入灰度变化率作用以提高轮廓在灰度匀质部分的演化速度。分割实验结果表明,该方法能较为准确地定位乳腺超声病灶,有一定的临床参考价值。     

基于遗传算法的水平集超声图像分割

鉴于医学超声图像的信噪比较低,用经典的边缘提取算法无法得到较好的结果,因此,提出超声图像自动分割的一种新方法.其基本思想是在水平集分割方法的基础上,以能量函数作为评价函数,把图像分割问题变成一个优化问题,利用遗传算法的寻优高效性,搜索到能使分割质量到达最优的轮廓曲线.应用此方法对肝脏超声图像进行肿瘤的边缘提取,得到比较好的结果,从而完成图像的自动分割.     

支持向量机和水平集的高分辨率遥感图像河流检测

河流是重要的地理结构特征,对河流进行检测识别研究,在军事上和民用上都具有十分重要的意义.提出了一种基于支持向量机(SVM)和水平集的高分辨率遥感图像河流检测算法.首先根据高分辨率遥感图像河流目标的特点,采用样本图像的纹理特征和基准点信息扩散特征构造特征向量,并基于样本训练支持向量机分类器实现河流目标的粗分割;然后以粗分割结果为基础,采用距离正则化水平集演化(DRLSE)模型提取河流的精确轮廓,获得完整的河流区域.以1 m分辨率的IKONOS图像进行实验验证,结果表明本文算法准确性高,灵活性强,可以在复杂背景下准确地检测河流目标区域,在实践中具有广泛适用性.     

基于改进窄带水平集的三维肝脏肿瘤分割

三维肝脏肿瘤识别是当前研究的热点问题,如何准确快速地从腹部CT序列中分割出肝脏肿瘤是肝部病变诊断的基础。针对水平集方法在进行分割时收敛速度较慢,设置窄带宽度固定不灵活的缺点,先利用分水岭算法,对肝脏图像进行“过分割”,搜索初始轮廓所在的分水岭块作为窄带区域进行标记,在窄带区域内用水平集算法使初始轮廓线收敛至准确轮廓。再以其边缘作为相邻CT序列的肿瘤初始轮廓,找出初始轮廓线所在的分水岭块,构成新的窄带,用水平集算法对轮廓线进行迭代分割出肿瘤。重复该过程,直至完成整个肝脏序列图像的肿瘤图像分割,进行三维重建。     

基于自动随机游走的涎腺肿瘤超声图像分割方法

针对涎腺超声图像斑点噪声强、对比度低和边界弱的特点,提出了一种结合形态学检测的自动随机游走分割方法.该方法首先利用形态学操作获得目标的初始轮廓,然后提取目标区域和背景区域骨架结构的有效标记点作为随机游走算法的种子点,最后利用种子点对预滤波后的肿瘤图像实现随机游走分割.实验选取大量临床采集的涎腺肿瘤超声图像进行测试,结果表明该方法计算复杂度低,解决了传统随机游走模型初始种子点的人工干预问题,有效实现了涎腺肿瘤的自动分割.     

基于小波矩的图像复制粘贴篡改检测

图像的局部复制粘贴篡改技术,是最常见的一种图像伪造方式,对此提出一种基于小波矩的图像复制粘贴篡改检测算法．首先通过变分水平集活动轮廓模型初步确定图像篡改的可疑区域：然后对每一块可疑区域利用小波矩算法提取其小波矩特征;接着利用余弦相关性测度判别可疑区域的相似性;最后定位图像的篡改区域．实验结果表明本算法能够有效提取可疑区域,并进一步定位篡改区域．此外,算法对图像前景篡改区域的平移、旋转和缩放具有较强的鲁棒性．     

基于改进U-Net的关节滑膜磁共振图像的分割

为了准确诊断滑膜炎患者病情,医生主要依靠手工标注和勾画的方法来提取磁共振图像（MRI）中的滑膜增生区域,该方法耗时长、效率低,具有一定的主观性且图像信息利用率低。针对这一问题,提出了一种新的关节滑膜分割算法,即2D ResU-net分割算法。首先,将残差网络（ResNet）中的两层结构的残差块融入到U-Net中,构建2D ResU-net;然后,将样本数据集分为训练集和测试集,而后对训练集进行数据增广;最后,将增广后的所有训练样本用于网络模型的训练。为了检测模型的分割效果,选取测试集中含滑膜炎的断层图像进行分割测试,最终平均分割精度指标可达到：Dice相似系数（DSC）69.98%,交并比（IOU）指标79.90%,体积重叠误差（VOE）系数12.11%。与U-Net算法相比,2D ResU-net算法的DSC系数提升了10.72%,IOU指标升高了4.24%,VOE系数降低了11.57%。实验结果表明,该算法对于MRI图像中的滑膜增生区域可以实现较好的分割效果,能够辅助医生对病情做出及时诊断。     

结合极值区域检测的血管内超声图像并行分割

目的 血管内超声（IVUS）图像动脉壁边界分割不仅对血管壁和斑块特征的定量分析至关重要,而且对血管弹性定性分析和重建动脉3维模型也是必需的。针对IVUS图像传统分割方法建模复杂、运算量大且需分别设计算法串行提取内膜和外膜的缺点,本文提出基于极值区域检测的IVUS图像并行分割方法。方法 本文方法包含极值区域检测、极值区域筛选以及轮廓拟合3部分。对单帧IVUS图像提取极值区域,经面积筛选后得到候选区域,并将区域的局部二值模式（LBP）特征、灰度差异和边缘周长的乘积作为筛选矢量在候选区域中提取代表管腔和介质的两个极值区域,并进行轮廓的椭圆拟合化,完成分割。结果 在包含326幅20 MHz的IVUS（intravascular ultrasound）B模式图像的标准公开数据集上,定性展示极值区域轮廓和椭圆拟合轮廓,并与专家手动绘制的结果进行对比;然后使用DC（dice coefficient）、JI（jaccard index）、PAD（percentage of area difference）指标以及HD（hausdorff distance）对本文算法做鲁棒性测试和泛化测试,实验中内膜各指标值分别为0.94±0.02,0.90±0.04,0.05±0.05,0.28±0.14 mm,外膜各指标值分别为0.91±0.07,0.87±0.11,0.11±0.11,0.41±0.31 mm,与相关文献的定量对比实验结果表明本文算法提取的内外膜性能均有所提高。此外,本文方法在临床数据集上的测试效果也很好,与专家手动描绘十分接近。结论 结合极值区域检测的IVUS图像并行分割,算法在精度和鲁棒性方面均得到了改善。     

基于支持向量机的连续超声图像集分割算法

针对传统的支持向量机（SVM）模型对连续超声图像集进行分割时需要为图像集中每张图片提取样本点来建立分割模型的问题,提出了一个对整个连续超声图像集的统一的SVM分割模型。首先,从图像的灰度直方图中提取灰度特征作为表征图像集中图像连续性的特征;其次,从图像集中选取部分图像作为样本,并从中提取像素点的灰度特征;最后,将各像素点的灰度特征与各像素点所在图像中表征图像集连续性的特征相结合,用SVM的方法训练出分割模型对整个图像集进行分割。实验结果表明,与传统SVM分割方法相比,新模型在面对大量的有连续变化的图像集的分割问题上,大幅地减少了人工选取样本点的工作量,并且在分割的准确率上也有保证。     

Diagnosis of breast tumors with ultrasonic texture analysis using support vector machines

This study presents a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system with textural features for classifying benign and malignant breast tumors on medical ultrasound systems. A series of pathologically proven breast tumors were evaluated using the support vector machine (SVM) in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors. The proposed CAD system utilized facile textural features, i.e., block difference of inverse probabilities, block variation of local correlation coefficients and auto-covariance matrix, to identify breast tumor. An SVM classifier using the textual features classified the tumor as benign or malignant. The proposed system identifies breast tumors with a comparatively high accuracy. This can help inexperienced physicians avoid misdiagnosis. The main advantage of the proposed system is that the training and diagnosis procedure of SVM are faster and more stable than that of multilayer perception neural networks. With the expansion of the database, new cases can easily be gathered and used as references. This study dramatically reduces the training and diagnosis time. The SVM is a reliable choice for the proposed CAD system because it is fast and excellent in ultrasound image classification.     

Traffic lights detection and recognition based on multi-feature fusion

Many traffic accidents occurred at intersections are caused by drivers who miss or ignore the traffic signals. In this paper, we present a method dealing with automatic detection of traffic lights that integrates both image processing and support vector machine techniques. Firstly, based on the color characteristics of traffic lights, the paper proposes a method of traffic light segmentation in RGB and HSV color space. And then, according to the geometric features and backplane color information of traffic lights, we design an algorithm to remove false targets in images. Moreover, in order to solve traffic lights diffusion problem, we apply a strategy that we first map the candidate regions onto the original image, then using Otsu algorithm re-extract the target region. Finally, HOG features are extracted from the target regions, and recognized by the trained SVM classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed method has relatively high detection rate and recognition accuracy in different natural scenarios, and is able to meet real-time requirements.     

Pedestrian detection for intelligent transportation systems combining AdaBoost algorithm and support vector machine

Pedestrians are the vulnerable participants in transportation system when crashes happen. It is important to detect pedestrian efficiently and accurately in many computer vision applications, such as intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and safety driving assistant systems (SDASs). This paper proposes a two-stage pedestrian detection method based on machine vision. In the first stage, AdaBoost algorithm and cascading method are adopted to segment pedestrian candidates from image. To confirm whether each candidate is pedestrian or not, a second stage is needed to eliminate some false positives. In this stage, a pedestrian recognizing classifier is trained with support vector machine (SVM). The input features used for SVM training are extracted from both the sample gray images and edge images. Finally, the performance of the proposed pedestrian detection method is tested with real-world data. Results show that the performance is better than conventional single-stage classifier, such as AdaBoost based or SVM based classifier.     

Iterative quadtree decomposition based automatic selection of the seed point for ultrasound breast tumor images

Based on seed region growing method, lesion segmentation for ultrasound breast tumor images often requires manual selection of the seed point, which is both time-consuming and laborious. To overcome this limit, this paper attempts to explore an automatic method for finding the seed point inside the tumor. Two criteria combining iterative quadtree decomposition (QTD) and the gray characteristics of the lesion are thus designed to locate the seed point. One is to seek the biggest homogenous region and the other is to select the seed region where the seed point is found. Furthermore, this study validates the proposed algorithm through 110 ultrasonic breast tumor images (including 58 malignant tumor images and 52 benign tumor images). According to the needs of the seed region growing algorithm, if the seed point is found inside the tumor, it means the proposed method is correct. Otherwise, it means that the method is a failure. As the quantitative experiment results show, the proposed method in this paper can automatically find the seed point inside the tumor with an accuracy rate of 97.27 %.     

A dynamic texture based segmentation method for ultrasound images with Surfacelet,HMT and parallel computing

To segment regions of interest (ROIs) from ultrasound images, one novel dynamic texture based algorithm is presented with surfacelet transform, hidden Markov tree (HMT) model and parallel computing. During surfacelet transform, the image sequence is decomposed by pyramid model, and the 3D signals with high frequency are decomposed by directional filter banks. During HMT modeling, distribution of coefficients is described with Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and relationship of scales is described with scale continuity model. From HMT parameters estimated through expectation maximization, the joint probability density is calculated and taken as feature value of image sequence. Then ROIs and non-ROIs in collected sample videos are used to train the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which is employed to identify the divided 3D blocks from input video. To improve the computational efficiency, parallel computing is implemented with multi-processor CPU. Our algorithm has been compared with the existing texture based approaches, including gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), local binary pattern (LBP), Wavelet, for ultrasound images, and the experimental results prove its advantages of processing noisy ultrasound images and segmenting higher accurate ROIs.

     

基于HOG和SVM的双眼虹膜图像的人眼定位算法

针对近红外光下现有的人眼定位算法普遍存在准确性不高、泛化能力不佳等问题，提出了一种基于方向梯度直方图（HOG）和支持向量机（SVM）相结合的双眼虹膜图像的人眼定位算法。利用HOG提取虹膜图像的人眼特征，并结合SVM分类器对HOG特征进行训练从而实现人眼的精确定位。为了减少漏检和误检，进一步提高定位准确率，又提出了多级级联SVM分类器算法；另外针对近红外光线下虹膜图像独特的灰度分布特点，设计了一种图像预处理方法，能够显著提高人眼定位速度。在MIR2016和CASIA-IRIS-Distance数据集上的实验结果表明，基于HOG和SVM的双眼虹膜图像的人眼定位算法具有高准确率、强泛化能力和高实时性。     

Fully automatic segmentation of breast ultrasound images based on breast characteristics in space and frequency domains

Due to the complicated structure of breast and poor quality of ultrasound images, accurately and automatically locating regions of interest (ROIs) and segmenting tumors are challenging problems for breast ultrasound (BUS) computer-aided diagnosis systems. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic BUS image segmentation approach for performing accurate and robust ROI generation, and tumor segmentation. In the ROI generation step, the proposed adaptive reference point (RP) generation algorithm can produce the RPs automatically based on the breast anatomy; and the multipath search algorithm generates the seeds accurately and fast. In the tumor segmentation step, we propose a segmentation framework in which the cost function is defined in terms of tumor?s boundary and region information in both frequency and space domains. First, the frequency constraint is built based on the newly proposed edge detector which is invariant to contrast and brightness; and then the tumor pose, position and intensity distribution are modeled to constrain the segmentation in the spatial domain. The well-designed cost function is graph-representable and its global optimum can be found. The proposed fully automatic segmentation method is applied to a BUS database with 184 cases (93 benign and 91 malignant), and the performance is evaluated by the area and boundary error metrics. Compared with the newly published fully automatic method, the proposed method is more accurate and robust in segmenting BUS images.     

基于Ncut分割和SVM分类器的医学图像分类算法

为解决医疗诊断中由于疲劳和主观因素影响导致的诊断错误,本文提出了基于Ncut分割方法的医学CT图像的分割、特征提取和诊断的新方案.将Ncut分割方法应用于脑CT图像.先进行图像分割,提取感兴趣区域,再从边缘、灰度,纹理三方面提取特征,最后利用支持向量机(SVM)对图像进行分类,为医生的诊断提供参考.从表格化的分类结果看,所提方案有较大的应用价值.     

利用SVM改进Adaboost算法的人脸检测精度

提出利用SVM分类方法改进Adaboost算法的人脸检测精度。该方法先通过Adaboost算法找出图像中的候选人脸区域,根据训练样本集中的人脸和非人脸样本训练出分类器支持向量机(SVM),然后通过SVM分类器从候选人脸区域中最终确定人脸区域。实验结果证明,SVM分类算法可以提高检测精度,使检测算法具有更好的检测效果。     

Automatic clinical image segmentation using pathological modeling,PCA and SVM

Due to the presence of complicated topological and residual features, the segmentation of medical imagery is a difficult problem. In this paper, an automated approach to clinical image segmentation is presented. The processing of these images in our approach is divided into learning and segmentation stages to facilitate the application of principal component analysis with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. During the initial learning stage, representative images are chosen to represent typical input images. These images are segmented using a variational level set method driven by a modeled energy functional designed to delineate the pathological characteristics of the images. Then a window-based feature extraction is applied to these segmented images. Principal component analysis is applied to these extracted features and the results are used to train an SVM classifier. After training the SVM, any time a clinical image needs to be segmented, it is simply classified with the trained SVM. By the proposed method, we take the strengths of both machine learning and the variational level set method while limiting their weaknesses to achieve automatic and fast clinical segmentation. To test the proposed system, both chest (thoracic) computed tomography (CT) scans (2D and 3D) and dental X-rays are used. Promising results are demonstrated and analyzed. The proposed method can be used during pre-processing for automatic computer-aided diagnosis.