催化裂化油浆中固体杂质脱除技术综述

催化裂化油浆中固体杂质高效脱除是提高油浆高应用附加值，同时降低固体杂质对设备磨损及环境污染的关键。综述催化裂化外甩油浆固体杂质脱除技术的国内外研究现状，包括沉降分离法、离心分离法、过滤分离法、静电分离法。对比分析各种催化裂化油浆固体杂质脱除技术的优缺点，结合该技术应用现状对其发展趋势进行了展望，以期为炼厂油浆脱固技术的选择提出建议。     

金属硫化矿的微生物脱硫可行性分析

矿石的高含硫足导致高硫矿自燃的内因,利用微生物浸矿技术脱除硫化矿表面的硫,把矿石表面禽硫量降至自燃临界值以下,来避免高硫矿矿井内因火灾的发生。本文通过对微生物脱除煤炭中硫及硫铁矿烧淹中硫的对比分析,结果表明,利用微生物脱硫技术进行金属硫化矿的内因火灾防治具有可行性。     

超重力技术碱法深度脱除高浓度SO_2实验研究

本文使用超重力技术,以Na_2SO_3+NaOH/K_2SO_3+KOH为吸收剂,进行高浓度SO_2模拟烟气的脱硫实验研究。考察了吸收剂pH值、超重力机转速及实验液气比对于SO_2脱除率的影响。结果表明在超重力环境下SO_2脱除率随吸收剂pH值、超重力转速以及液气比的增加而增大。当吸收剂pH值在7及以上时SO_2脱除率便可以达到99%以上,实现了SO_2的深度脱除,达到了出口气中SO_2超低排放的理想目标,是烟气脱硫的理想选择。同时对比表明,相同条件下以K_2SO_3+KOH为吸收剂,对于烟气中SO_2的脱除效果要优于以Na_2SO_3+NaOH为吸收剂。     

亚临界丙烷萃取条件对人参提取物中有机氯农药残留脱除的影响

以人参提取物为原料,利用亚临界丙烷萃取技术脱除其中的有机氯农药残留,研究了一定范围内的萃取压力(4～12 Mpa)、萃取温度(50～80 ℃)、萃取时间(60～180 min)和溶剂流量(1 96～3 92 kg/h)对亚临界丙烷萃取脱除人参提取物中农药残留的影响.由正交实验确定了最佳萃取条件: 萃取压力8 Mpa,萃取温度65 ℃,萃取时间120 min,溶剂流量2.94 kg/h.在此条件下,γ-BHC、op-DDT残留的脱除率接近100%,TCNB、pp-DDT脱除率大于60%,人参皂甙损失小于6.53%.     

活性焦联合脱硫脱硝技术及发展方向

本文介绍了活性焦特点、活性焦联合脱硫脱硝技术的反应机理及工艺流程、活性焦联合脱硫脱硝技术的优缺点及发展方向。指出了活性焦联合脱硫脱硝工艺具有可以实现同时脱除SO2、NOx和粉尘,脱除效率高,投资小等优点,通过加热再生活性焦,可获得高浓度的SO2气体,用于生产硫酸、液体二氧化硫或硫磺,有效回收硫资源。该技术具有流程简单、占地面积小、无二次污染、费用低、应用范围广等特点。     

浅谈烟气脱硫技术

叙述了几种烟气脱硫方法,其中重点介绍了3种新的技术,即用沸石、活性焦和脉冲电晕来脱除烟气中的SO2.     

凝变湿电复合烟气污染物协同控制技术与应用

将凝变技术与湿式电除尘器技术进行有机结合,集成凝变湿电复合烟气污染物协同控制技术,研究该技术对2μm以下可过滤性颗粒物和可凝结颗粒物的团聚、凝并、收集效果。凝变湿电复合烟气污染物协同控制技术在630 MW大型燃煤机组上的工程应用结果表明,该复合技术可显著提高烟气中微细颗粒物的脱除,使机组稳定实现颗粒物排放小于5 mg/m3;脱除烟气中70%以上的可溶性盐分,实现烟气污染物的协同控制;降温2℃,每小时回收15 t的水,可减缓烟囱"白烟"现象。     

浅谈烟气脱硫技术

叙述了几种烟气脱硫方法,其中重点介绍了３种新的技术,即用沸石、活性焦和脉冲电晕来脱除烟气中的ＳＯ２。     

不同液气比条件下氨法脱碳工艺影响因素试验研究

基于氨法脱碳工艺,对不同液气比下各工艺参数对CO_2脱除率的影响开展了试验研究。结果表明,氨水浓度和烟气停留时间的提升能够有效提高CO_2的脱除率,而反应温度、CO_2体积分数及CO_2负载量的提高不利于CO_2的脱除。通过调整液气比可以缓解各工艺参数对CO_2脱除率的影响,维持系统稳定。综合对比试验结果,认为液气比合适的应用范围为6~8 L/m3。     

湿法烟气脱硫对工业粉尘的协同脱除

通过对燃煤锅炉、烧结机和催化裂化炉排放工业烟气的湿法脱硫装置进出口粉尘特性的测试分析,从粉尘的粒径分布、疏水性以及吸收塔的内部结构研究湿法脱硫对3种工业烟气粉尘的协同脱除效果。结果表明,湿法脱硫具有粉尘的协同脱除作用,燃煤锅炉可以通过高效的湿法脱硫协同达到超低排放;而烧结烟气的粉尘疏水性高于燃煤粉尘,脱除效率一般,需要采用更复杂的吸收塔结构;催化裂化的粉尘由于细颗粒物占比更大,颗粒物的脱除效果比燃煤粉尘效果略差。     

Michigan's graduated driver licensing program: evaluation of the first four years

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the four-year outcome of Michigan's graduated driver licensing (GDL) program, motor-vehicle crash data for 16-year-old drivers in 1996 (pre-GDL), and 1998-2001 (post-GDL) were analyzed. METHOD: Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for several crash types were computed, and pre-post-GDL population-based crash rates were compared. Reductions in crash risks among 16-year-olds previously found in 1998 and 1999 were generally maintained in 2000 and 2001. RESULTS: Reductions in crash risk among 16-year-olds from 1996 to 2001 were 29% for all, 44% for fatal, 38% each for nonfatal-injury and fatal-plus-nonfatal-injury, 32% for day, 31% for evening, 59% for night, 32% for single-vehicle, and 28% for multi-vehicle crashes. Even after adjusting for more general population-wide changes among drivers 25 years and older that might have contributed to changes in 16-year-old crash risk, reductions remained impressive (19% for all crashes in 2001). IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: As one approach to reducing teenage motor-vehicle morbidity and mortality, GDL remains promising.     

高危行业事故应急科技服务实用性平台研究

针对当前我国高危行业应急平台建设中存在事故应急救援决策支撑弱、应急救援服务能力差的缺陷,以“江苏省高危行业事故应急科技服务平台”项目为背景,提出高危行业事故应急科技服务平台的总体建设架构;并以此为基础提出建立应急信息共享,预案可视化与推演,事故后果分析模拟,应急救援决策支持,应急咨询、培训、评估,事故现场快速监测六大子平台。以期利用VR、GIS、人工智能等先进技术,从功能、系统、体系三个层面完善高危行业事故应急科技服务平台建设内容,从而为政府门提供应急决策支持、为企业和社会公众提供应急科技服务。     

清洁生产审核工作职能定位探讨

清洁生产审核工作职能是清洁生产审核工作存在和发展的基础,也是实施清洁生产战略的具体工作指针。在论述对清洁生产审核职能定位必要性的同时,建设性地提出了清洁生产审核职能定位的具体涵义和内容,从而为清洁生产审核工作的深入开展和今后的发展提供理论上的借鉴。     

Relationships of frontal offset crash test results to real-world driver fatality rates

In a study of the relationship between Insurance Institute for Highway Safety frontal offset crash test ratings and real-world fatality rates, there was a clear trend for better-rated vehicles to have lower driver fatality risk, although the correlation was not uniform across all vehicle groups or statistically significant in all cases. For all types of crashes combined, fatality rates per registered vehicle were generally lower for vehicles rated good than for vehicles rated poor, but rates for acceptable and marginal vehicles were not always within this range. A more precise examination of fatality risk was accomplished by comparing driver outcomes in fatal two-vehicle crashes. When a rated vehicle collided with a nonrated vehicle, the fatality risk for the rated vehicle driver was highest for poorly rated vehicles, then progressively smaller for vehicles with marginal, acceptable, or good ratings. For two-vehicle crashes of similar vehicles rated good and poor, the odds of driver fatality was 34 percent lower for the good vehicle than for the poor vehicle, but this estimate was not statistically significant. Finally, in head-on crashes of rated vehicles, the estimated odds of driver fatality was approximately 74 percent lower for the good vehicle than for the poor vehicle, with confidence limits ranging from 28 to 91 percent.     

卤代海因的危险特性实验研究

为评价卤代海因的危险特性,通过克南实验、时间压力实验以及固体氧化性实验分别对二氯海因、溴氯海因以及二溴海因的爆炸性和氧化性进行了测试,通过家兔皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性实验对三种卤代海因的刺激性进行了研究,并分别对三种卤代海因的危险性进行了对比分析。结果表明：二氯海因、溴氯海因以及二溴海因都具有氧化性、对家兔皮肤具有严重刺激性、在正常商业包件中可能达到的压力下点火会导致具有爆炸猛烈性的爆燃;溴氯海因以及二溴海因克南实验极限直径均小于1.0mm,在封闭条件下加热不显示效应,二氯海因的克南实验极限直径为2.0mm,在封闭空间加热显示某种效应。三种卤代海因的氧化性和对家兔皮肤的刺激性没有显著区别,但二氯海因较溴氯海因以及二溴海因在封闭空间加热显示的效应更强。     

Work technology and the needs for achievement and nurturance among nurses

Critical care nursing units have less routine work technology and provide greater opportunities for nurses to satisfy the need for achievement than do chronic and rehabilitative units. There is no difference between the types of units in opportunities to satisfy the need for nurturance. On units which have non-routine work technology, nurses with a high need for achievement have greater work satisfaction than nurses with a low need for achievement. On routine work technology units there is no correlation between need for achievement and work satisfaction.     

我国工业防尘技术面临的新课题

文章分析了我国现阶段粉尘危害的严重状况,提出必须迅速提出高强度采掘作业、强致害粉尘作业、非铀矿山及乡镇企业生产中粉尘危害控制的有效方法;努力提高我国对无组织排放烟尘源及呼吸性粉尘的控制水平,努力降低粉尘控制装备的投资及能耗,逐步扭转我国工业粉尘危害的现状。     

The risk of whiplash injury in the rear seat compared to the front seat in rear impacts

One hundred ninety-five rear impacts with both front- and rear-seat occupants in the struck car, where at least one occupant sustained permanent disability, were selected for study. There was a significantly higher disability risk for the female rear-seat occupant compared with the male driver. Furthermore, a higher risk was found for female rear-seat occupants compared with female front-seat passengers. The disability risk for occupants of the driver's seat was three times higher for females than for males, and four times higher for females in the rear seat. In the future, test methods should consider the risk of whiplash injury in both the front and the rear seat.     

Development and evaluation of RAMP I – a practitioner’s tool for screening of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling

RAMP I is a screening tool developed to support practitioners in screening for work-related musculoskeletal disorder risk factors related to manual handling. RAMP I, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research-based studies combined with expert group judgments. More than 80 practitioners participated in the development of RAMP I. The tool consists of dichotomous assessment items grouped into seven categories. Acceptable reliability was found for a majority of the assessment items for 15 practitioners who were given 1?h of training. The usability evaluation points to RAMP I being usable for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors, i.e., usable for assessing risks, being usable as a decision base, having clear results and that the time needed for an assessment is acceptable. It is concluded that RAMP I is a usable tool for practitioners.     

Safety distances for hydrogen filling stations

In the context of spatial planning the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment asked the Centre for External Safety of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) to advice on safe distances pertaining to hydrogen filling stations. The RIVM made use of failure modeling and parameters for calculating the distance in detail. An imaginary hydrogen filling station for cars is used in the determination of ‘external safety’ or third party distances for the installations and the pipe work for three different sizes of hydrogen filling stations. For several failure scenarios ‘effect’ distances are calculated for car filling at 350 and 700 bar. Safe distances of filling stations from locations where people live and work appear to be similar for compressed hydrogen, gasoline/petrol and compressed natural gas. Safe distances for LPG are greater. A filling unit for hydrogen can be placed at gasoline/petrol-filling stations without increasing safety distances.