基于延迟策略的服务型制造系统决策分析

服务型制造作为适合于中国制造业服务化战略实现的先进制造模式,其实施过程如何协调库存、服务和客户参与成为亟需解决的问题。在服务型制造和延迟策略关系分析的基础上,构架了基于延迟策略的服务型制造系统,依据这一系统特征,构建了考虑制造成本和客户价值的多目标规划模型,通过模型厘清了订货数量、服务水平和客户参与度三者之间的内在关系,最后,算例分析验证了模型的科学性与有效性。研究表明:在客户参与情形下,产品模块订货数量在服务型制造系统中独立且可确定,制造成本随订货数量的增加先增后减;服务水平和客户参与度决策取决于管理者对于制造成本和客户价值两者的偏好及参数值大小。     

交互视角下产品服务系统方案优选模型

客户参与是服务型制造的典型特征之一,有助于制造企业面向客户问题提供有效的产品服务系统方案,供需交互成为这一过程实现的关键问题。首先,阐述了产品服务系统方案实现过程;然后,构建了以客户满意度最大化为上层目标,企业成本最小化为下层目标的双层规划模型,并给出了模型的求解方法;最后,通过实例分析验证了上述理论研究的科学性和有效性。研究结果表明:服务型制造的实施客观上需要供需双方交互行为发生;有效的交互既有利于制造企业利用有限资源解决客户问题,又有利于客户更清晰地认识自身问题的解决之法。     

服务型制造理论研究综述

分析了服务和制造的融合导致产品内涵和制造组织发生改变,归纳总结了服务型制造的形态,讨论了服务型制造的价值来源,提出了服务型制造是一种可持续的商业模式,其可持续性表现在企业效益、顾客价值、生态效益等三个方面.本文认为,相比于传统制造模式,制造和服务过程中的顾客参与和体验以及网络化协作提供产品服务系统是服务型制造的主要特征,并在此基础上论述了服务型制造的理论基础是传统制造理论、行为科学、组织理论、社会网络理论和复杂系统理论,构思了服务型制造理论体系,并提出现阶段应研究的若干关键问题.     

基于累积前景理论的服务衍生方案决策

在梳理与服务型制造相关文献的基础上,刻画了服务衍生方案生成过程;构建了体现服务型制造特征的服务衍生方案评价指标体系;基于累积前景理论评价服务衍生方案。算例结果表明：考虑实物产品-供需行为-服务提供三方面综合因素的评价指标体系,能够确保服务衍生方案更有效地适应客户行为以及系统内外的整体协调,累积前景理论能够支持服务衍生方案的评价。研究结论为服务型制造企业服务衍生决策提供理论指导。     

《服务型制造业体系构建与案例分析:创造持续性收益的蓝海》

本书以服务战略、客户、创新、价值链和供应链等为关键点,结合大量的案例调研,构建了传统制造业向服务型企业转变的体系结构。本书是传统制造企业向服务型制造企业转变中生产实践的结晶,也是当前国际前沿理论研究的总结。本书有服务型制造背景介绍、客户价值管理、服务创新、     

《服务型制造业体系构建与案例分析:创造持续性收益的蓝海》

本书以服务战略、客户、创新、价值链和供应链等为关键点,结合大量的案例调研,构建了传统制造业向服务型企业转变的体系结构。本书是传统制造企业向服务型制造企业转变中生产实践的结晶,也是当前国际前沿理论研究的总结。本书有服务型制造背景介绍、客户价值管理、服务创新、     

面向服务型制造延迟策略实施对客户价值创造的影响

在我国制造业从生产型制造向服务型制造转型的背景下,以制造企业应对市场变化的能力塑造为驱动,构建了服务型制造、延迟策略、客户价值和企业绩效四者间关系的理论模型,通过理论分析形成研究假设.根据江苏省195份有效问卷,利用结构方程模型对假设进行了检验,得到了面向服务型制造的延迟策略实施对客户价值和企业绩效影响的内在关系.研究结果表明:为了有效应对企业外部的不确定风险,越来越多的制造企业实施延迟策略,并通过与服务型制造的不断融合,既创造了客户价值,又改善了企业绩效.     

面向供需价值最大化的混合产品生成激励决策

混合产品生成是以产品制造和服务衍生两项任务的内部匹配,完成对客户问题外部匹配的过程。为确保客户对制造企业激励的有效性以实现供需双方价值最大化,结合混合产品特征,构建了客户与制造企业的Cobb-Douglas多任务委托代理模型。研究表明:制造企业两项任务努力水平及客户最优激励系数均受到客户、企业和环境三方面因素的影响;制造企业技术水平的提升有利于混合产品后市场价值的创造;服务衍生对产品制造成本依赖性的增加能够提高服务创造的价值比重;有效的供需交互加速混合产品知识的传播,提升客户对服务价值的感知;对风险和市场前景的认知,促使企业在夯实产品制造的同时衍生服务。     

基于资源拼凑的制造企业混合产品生成研究

制造企业在面向客户问题提供以混合产品为具体表现形式的集成解决方案过程中，因客户问题异质易产生大量冗余资源。针对制造企业既有冗余资源的重用问题，基于资源拼凑理论构建了借助案例推理的冗余资源匹配模型。首先，结合K-means聚类方法和改良结合纠错输出码与支持向量机（error correcting output codes-support vector machine,ECOC-SVM）分类模型找到与目标资源相似度较高的案例库资源所属类别；其次，通过计算目标资源与所属类别中冗余资源的相似性，匹配出大于系统阈值的最适合冗余资源；最后，以制造企业服务组件的匹配为例，验证了基于资源拼凑的制造企业混合产品生成机制，效率提升了78.8%，实现了客户问题与冗余资源的智能匹配，生成了能够解决客户问题的新混合产品。     

基于案例研究的服务型制造管理框架应用分析

归纳总结了服务型制造的管理要素,构建了由战略-环境的匹配性、产品服务系统类型、产品服务系统传递、组织服务导向以及信息化平台等五个方面构成的服务型制造的管理框架,并选取工具制造行业、电梯制造行业、物流装备制造业以及燃气热水器行业等四个行业的典型公司进行案例研究,从而验证了该框架,得出了一系列重要的结论,为制造企业向服务型制造转型提供借鉴。     

Customer demand prediction of service-oriented manufacturing incorporating customer satisfaction

With the emergence of individualised and personalised customer demands, the interaction of service and product has come into the sight of manufacturers and thus promoted the arising of service-oriented manufacturing (SOM), a new business mode that combines manufacturing and service. Be similar to the conventional manufacturing, the customer demand prediction (CDP) of SOM is very important since it is the foundation of the following manufacturing stages. As there are always tight and frequent interactions between service providers and customers in SOM, the customer satisfaction would significantly influence the customer demand of the following purchasing periods. To cope with this issue, a novel CDP approach for SOM incorporating customer satisfaction is proposed. Firstly, the structural relationships among customer satisfaction index and the influence factors are quantitatively modelled by using the structural equation model. Secondly, to reduce the adverse effect of multiple structural input data and small sample size, the least square support vector mechanism is employed to predict customer demand. Finally, the CDP of the air conditioner compressor which is a typical SOM product is implemented as the real-case example, and the effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach is elaborated from the prediction results analysis and comparison.     

Variety and volume dynamic management for value creation in changeable manufacturing systems

In today’s uncertain market and continuously evolving technology, managing manufacturing systems are more complex than ever. This paper studies the dynamics of managing variety and volume to enhance value creation in manufacturers implementing system-level advanced and automated manufacturing technology (AAMT). The demand is composed of heterogeneous customers who make purchasing decisions depending on the variety levels and lead times of the firm’s product offerings. The cost structure adopted calculates profit as the difference between customer value creation rate (VCR) and costs associated with the process of creating this value. Reported results contribute to the variety and volume management literature by offering analytical clarity of factors affecting product platforms and capacity scalability management for systems with AAMT. In addition, insightful answers to the trade-offs between profit maximising market coverage and investments, smoothing demand policies and system stability for this type of environment are presented. Furthermore, the value of market information in deciding the industrial technology investment and also the impact of product life cycle on the same investment is captured.     

How does manufacturing service perceived value influence customer satisfaction? An investigation of global semiconductor industry

Customer satisfaction is an important strategic performance which is influenced by service experience and perceived value. This study proposed a model to postulate, and statistically test, the relationship between value drivers and customers’ perceived value of semiconductor manufacturing services, and the impact of perceived value on customer satisfaction. The research results showed that perceived value and value drivers are significantly different among services. Line services have a more significant influence on customer satisfaction than support services. Customer firm type and geographical location have a significant influence on value perception and preference, and on the relationship between service value and customer satisfaction. This study suggests that semiconductor manufacturing service providers should deliver right value proposition to enhance satisfaction for different customer firm types in varying regions, and design customised service portfolios with various value foci to differentiate them and gain a competitive advantage.     

Selection of management accounting systems in Just-In-Time and Theory of Constraints-based manufacturing

In today's competitive business environments, a firm's long-term survival rests heavily on its ability to sustain manufacturing superiority over its competitors. To provide the firm with detailed guidelines for sustaining manufacturing superiority, this paper examines the impact of different management accounting systems, manufacturing control systems and time horizon on manufacturing performance in an enterprise resource planning integrated environment. These management accounting systems include traditional costing, activity-based costing and throughput accounting. The manufacturing control systems include Just-In-Time- and Theory of Constraints-based manufacturing. Through a series of simulation experiments, it was found that activity-based costing provided higher short- and long-term profit, better customer service and lower work-in-process inventory than traditional costing and throughput accounting in situations where firms have high overhead costs and relatively low labour and material costs, while carrying ending inventories because of demand uncertainty. Traditional costing also outperformed throughput accounting by exploiting the real-time information sharing capabilities of an enterprise resource planning system. Just-In-Time manufacturing outperformed Theory of Constraints with respect to short- and long-term profitability, customer service, and work-in-process inventory because of differences in buffer inventory policies and sequencing rules. However, time horizon and its interaction with management accounting systems had no impact on the manufacturing performance. In addition, the results suggest that a management accounting system that depicts the manufacturing process tended to provide more accurate product cost information and resulted in a better system performance than the others.     

Advance booking discount in the presence of spot market

We consider a risk-neutral firm that can procure raw material via long-term contract as well as in spot market, using the material as a one-to-one input to produce a seasonal product and selling it in the customer market. The firm can use the advance booking discount (ABD) program to entice customers to place their orders prior to the selling season. The ABD program provides an opportunity for the firm to update its understanding of the regular demand and spot price. We separately analyse two cases: (NI) no information updating and (IU) information updating cases. In each case, we derive the optimal discount pricing strategy and corresponding expected profit of the firm. By comparing them, we investigate the value of information updating obtained from the pre-committed order. Among others, our study finds that if the product has a relatively high profit margin, or a low profit margin where the raw material spot price is more sensitive to the trading volume, it is optimal for the firm to implement the discount strategy. The optimal discount coefficient in the IU case is never lower than in the NI case. We further find that the optimal discount coefficient in the NI case decreases in spot market volatility; however, it increases in spot market volatility if and only if the firm’s market share is larger than half of the total market demand in the IU case.     

产品质量、价格及提前期竞争下的企业最优决策

基于产品质量角度,应用客户需求及优化理论,研究了产品质量、价格及交付提前期竞争下的企业最优决策问题.首先构建了产品质量、价格及交付提前期相互竞争下的质量敏感型和非敏感型客户需求及企业净利润模型.并进一步确定了企业质量服务水平可协调的范围,在协调范围内分别求解了产品质量、价格、提前期的稳定均衡最优解及相应的企业最大净利润...     

Big data analytics business value and firm performance: linking with environmental context

Previous studies, grounded on the resource based view, have already explored the relationship between the business value that Big Data Analytics (BDA) can bring to firm performance. However, the role played by the environmental characteristics in which companies operate has not been investigated in the literature. We inform the theory, in that direction, via the integration of the contingency theory to the resource based view theory of the firm. This original and integrative model examines the moderating influence of environmental features on the relationship between BDA business value and firm performance. The combination of survey data and secondary financial data on a representative sample of medium and large companies makes possible the statistical validation of our research model. The results offer evidence that BDA business value leads to higher firm performance, namely financial performance, market performance and customer satisfaction. More original is the demonstration that this relationship is stronger in munificent environments, while the dynamism of the environment does not have any moderating effect on the performance of BDA solutions. It means that managers working for firms in markets with a growing demand are in the best position to profit from BDA.     

Offshore manufacturing contract design based on transfer price considering green tax: a bilevel programming approach

The problem of designing offshore manufacturing contract resulting in optimal transfer price is troubling multinational companies over the past few years. This paper proposes designing offshore manufacturing contracts based on the transfer price in the form of bilevel programming problems after considering green tax. In these contract designs, a firm in a developed country sells a single product in its market. The same product is simultaneously being manufactured by another firm in a developing country with lower manufacturing cost. After anticipating the consumer demand, the seller places an order, based on which the manufacturer manufactures the ordered quantity, and offers a transfer price which in turn maximises its net profit after paying green tax to its government. While setting the transfer price, the manufacturer considers the manufacturing cost, the export duty payable to its government and the cost of shipping the product to the developed country. After buying the product from the manufacturer at the transfer price, the seller then sets the retail price which maximises its net profit after paying the import duty to its government; the retail price, however, must not be more than the maximum retail price applicable to the market. Thus, offshore manufacturing contract results in optimal after-tax profits for both the firms. An experimental study has been carried out to discuss the practical aspects of the results developed, where a US firm is offshoring its manufacturing activity to a Chinese firm in order to draw maximum profit.     

考虑高铁时间窗和客户满意度的生鲜品公铁联运路径选择

针对生鲜品小批量、高时效的运输特点,提出将“高速公路+高速铁路”作为一种快速联运方式应用于生鲜品的多式联运中。以总成本最低为目标,以高铁服务时间窗、客户满意度为约束,构建基于模糊需求的生鲜品公铁联运路径选择与运输方式组合模型。以“哈尔滨-昆明”联运网络为例进行算例分析,应用Lingo12.0实现模型求解。结果表明,提出的“高速公路+高速铁路”联运方式在运输总成本和客户满意度方面均优于单一运输方式,且与“高速公路+航空”联运方式相比具有成本优势;采用灵敏度分析法,分别探究了置信水平、客户品质满意度约束值和时间满意度约束值的变化对运输总成本的影响关系,同时验证了模型的有效性,为“高速公路+高速铁路”方式下的生鲜品运输路径选择提供有益参考。     

Achieving product variety through optimal choice of module variations

The trade-off in designing products typically involves consideration of manufacturing and development costs, and the potential market share. Modular design of products has been identified as one way of providing firms with a competitive advantage. In the context of modular product design, some of the pertinent questions are: (i) how many product varieties in a product group should be introduced in the market; and (ii) what is the minimum number of module-options required to support this variety? In this paper we study the optimality of such decisions related to modularization in two separate scenarios: (i) the module supplier is an independent operator whose decisions are not coordinated with that of the firm; and (ii) the module supplier is a wholly owned subsidiary of the firm. For these scenarios, we show how the choice of module-options affects product variety, total sales, product development cost, and hence, the firm's profit. We establish that the module-options can be rank ordered, based on profit margin and customer rating, and that the optimal set of module-options to be acquired or developed would include only the top ranked options. We also show how to determine the number and type of module-options a firm should acquire to maximize its profit. Finally, we discuss how our algorithm can be extended to the case of firms that deal with products having multiple module-types.