SPA跟骨BMD检测判断绝经后脊柱骨质疏松症的价值

目的 探讨绝经后女性脊柱骨质疏松症的发病率，了解跟骨骨密度(bone mineral density，BMD)变化与脊柱骨质疏松症的相关性，分析跟骨骨量检测在判断脊柱骨折疏松症中的价值。方法 选择门诊，单纯性腰背疼痛、无外伤史、胸腰椎x线影像学显示有典型脊柱骨质疏松的绝经女性患者48例，年龄为29-84岁采用HK-I单光子骨密度仪(SPA)检测其跟骨的骨矿密度和骨量。结果 跟骨骨量112.82-486.42mg/cm^2，平均272.69mg/cm^2。其中，跟骨骨质疏松30例，平均骨量为201.85mg/cm^2；低骨量9例，平均273.13mg/cm^2；正常骨量9例，平均401.77mg/cm^2。与X线影像学相比较，脊柱骨质疏松的符合率为62.5％，大致符合率18.8％，有效符合率81.3％，不符合率18.8％。结论 SPA跟骨BMD仅可作为拟诊脊柱骨质疏松症的参考指标，临床参考价值为62.50％，其符合率与年龄递增相关。故诊断尚不能完全依赖跟骨密度检测参数，尤其75岁以下女性患者，仍需X线影像学的支持。非体力劳动者发病率相对较高，女性非体力劳动者尤其应注意预防。     

海口地区中老年人骨密度调查研究

目的分析海口地区中老年人骨密度（Bone mineral density BMD）及骨质疏松患病率变化规律，为骨质疏松防治提供科学依据。方法对长期居住海口地区的40岁以上的人群1110名，准确记录性别和年龄，采用美国LUNAR公司生产的DPX—MD型双能X线骨密度仪进行腰椎（L2-4）正位和髋部骨密度测量。结果随年龄增加骨密度逐渐下降，但男性65-69岁组的骨密度反有上升表现。同龄男性骨密度高于女性，骨质疏松患病率随年龄增加而上升。结论海口地区中老年人群应普及骨质疏松防治知识及采取相应干预措施，加强锻炼，以减少骨质疏松症的发生。     

月经正常妇女多部位骨密度的定量分析

目的:通过测定多部位骨密度,全面地观察骨矿物质变化,及时发现骨量丢失出现的部位。提高骨质疏松症(OP)的早期诊断和防治。方法:用双能骨密度仪测定113例月经规律的20-56岁妇女腰椎和双髋部的骨密度。结果:88例20-40岁月经规律妇女中腰椎和双髋部BMD在正常范围者76例,出现骨量减少者12例;而49-56岁仍有月经规律的25例妇女中骨量减少者8例。两个年龄组的骨量减少发生率共为17.7%。发生的部位在腰椎或单、双髋或腰髋两者兼之,个体差异较大。多部位腰椎 双髋部骨密度测定能及早了解未绝经妇女的骨矿物质变化。结论:1. 多部位腰椎 双髋部骨密度测定,发现月经规律的部分妇女骨量亦有减少。2. 随着年龄的增加骨量丢失的发生率也增加,应及早采取对妇女行多部位测定BMD,深入了解骨量的变化,提高OP的诊断率。     

骨质量与骨量

骨强度同时反映骨量与骨质量的完整性。骨强度由骨材料、构筑、力学性能及骨量共同构成。骨质量能解释一些单纯用骨量或骨密度（BMD）不能解释的问题，诸如在正常BMD仍发生骨折；给予抗骨吸收制剂后，虽只有小的面积骨密度（aB—MD）变化也能减少骨折风险；应用氟化物虽能增加脊柱BMD，但并不能减少脊柱骨折风险；骨折风险早在BMD最大变化之前即可出现等。     

产后妇女骨量和骨代谢生化指标的研究

目的 探讨产后妇女骨量和骨代谢生化指标的变化，同时明确年龄、身高、体重、身体指数和月经复潮时间对骨密度变化的影响。方法 对52名健康产妇产后6个月内进行了追踪观察。用双能X线吸收测量仪分别在产后3～5d，4月初和7月初测量了腰椎正、侧位和股骨颈BMD，同时检测了血清骨钙素，ICTP，雌二醇及血钙、磷浓度。40名非产妇的BMD值作为对照。结果 哺乳妇女腰椎正位和股骨颈BMD在产后期4月初和7月初比产后3-5d升高显著，腰椎侧位BMD在产后7月初比产后4月初和产后3-5d明显升高，产后6个月内腰椎和股骨颈的BMD均升高到非产妇组水平；血清骨钙素在产后4月初和7月初比产后3-5d有明显升高，而ICTP却有明显降低；血钙在产后3个月内升高明显，而血磷在产后6个月内无明显变化，但两者都在正常范围；月经复潮时间对骨量增加有负性影响。结论 在产后6个月内哺乳妇女的骨量持续增加，达到非产妇组水平；骨转换增快，骨形成超过骨吸收；产后停经时间的延长不利于产后骨量的增加。     

股骨近端骨密度定量CT测量及其在骨折手术前评估的作用

目的：探讨定量CT（quantitativecomputedtomography,QCT）测量股骨近端的松质骨骨矿物质密度（bonemineraldensity,BMD）对股骨近端内固定物头钉的选择的指导价值。方法选择2011年1月至2011年12月,我院收治的50例股骨颈骨折或股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为骨折组,其中男23例,女27例,年龄17～94（63.8±16.3）岁;招募75位年龄匹配的健康受试者作为健康组,其中男18例,女57例,年龄23～76（61.2±10.4）岁。使用QCT分别对骨折组健侧和健康组双侧股骨近端的不同兴趣区域内的BMD进行测量和分析。结果骨折组健侧股骨头、股骨颈及粗隆部的骨密度分别为（153.0±37.6）mg/cm3、（24.9±39.7） mg / cm3、（26.6±30.6） mg / cm3,健康组（左侧股骨近端）股骨头、股骨颈及粗隆部的骨密度分别为（220.2±46.1） mg/cm3、（74.8±49.1） mg/cm3、（70.8±41.3） mg/cm3,骨折组各部分骨密度均低于健康组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。股骨头与股骨颈和股骨粗隆部的骨密度下降的平均值不平行。结论骨质疏松是股骨近端骨折的危险因素;股骨粗隆部的骨密度并不能完全反映股骨头的骨密度;QCT 是目前测量股骨头骨密度的惟一方法;术前使用QCT评估股骨头的BMD对于内固定物头钉的正确选择提供了依据。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清肿瘤标志物水平与骨密度的相关性研究

目的：分析糖尿病肾病（diabetic kidney disease, DKD）患者主要肿瘤标志物（tumor markers, TM）包括癌胚抗原、甲胎蛋白、糖类抗原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9, CA19-9)、糖类抗原125与骨密度（bone mineral density,BMD）的关系,为血清TM在DKD患者骨质疏松的预防和治疗中提供参考依据。方法：选择2020年12月至2022年12月遂宁市中心医院内分泌代谢病科收治的168例DKD患者作为研究对象,将DKD患者按照TM水平分为正常组与升高组,采用双能X线吸收法对DKD患者的正位腰椎（L2-L4）和股骨颈BMD进行测量,比较2组BMD的差异;采用Pearson相关性分析TM与BMD之间的相关性,采用基于有序多分类的Logistic回归模型分析TM与骨量异常之间的关系。结果：TM正常组58例（34.52%）、TM升高组110例（65.48%）;骨量正常99例（58.93%）、骨量减少45例（26.79%）、骨质疏松（OP）24例（14.29%）。DKD患者血清CA19-9与腰椎（L2-L4）及股...     

维吾尔族胃癌临床病理学研究

本文对１０１４例维吾尔族胃癌进行了统计分析，结果发现，（１）维族胃癌检出的平均年龄为４８．２２岁，男性为４８．８９岁，较女性高４．３０岁。（２）男性胃癌的高发年龄组为４１～５０岁，占３３．１８％（２８４／８５６），其次为５１～６０岁，占２９．９１％（２５６／８５６）；女性胃癌的高发年龄组为４１～５０岁，占３２．９１％（５２／１５８），其次为３１～４０岁，占２４．６８（３９／１５８）。（３）贲门胃癌占４３．８８％（４４５／１０１４），其中男性占４６．２６％，较女性高１５．２５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；胃窦部胃癌占２９．１９％，男性占２７．５７％，较女性低１０．４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

中国2004-2005年白血病死亡分布特征分析

[目的]探讨中国2004~2005年白血病死亡的分布特征,为相关部门制定白血病的预防与控制策略提供科学依据。[方法]对全国第三次死因回顾性调查中白血病死亡数据进行统计分析,计算粗死亡率、中国标化死亡率、世界标化死亡率、截缩率、累计死亡率等指标。[结果]2004~2005年白血病粗死亡率为3.85/10万,在恶性肿瘤死因分类构成中排列第6位,男性死亡率（4.26/10万）显著高于女性（3.41/10万）,男女分别居于第6位和第8位。城市死亡率（4.17/10万）显著高于农村（3.68/10万）。我国白血病标化死亡率处于世界中等水平。白血病的年龄别死亡曲线表现出两个明显的高峰,0~1岁年龄组（4.84/10万）和80~84岁年龄组（15.11/10万）,5岁以内的婴幼儿各年龄组白血病死亡率女性略高于男性,5岁以上各个年龄组白血病死亡率均表现为男性高于女性,到80~84岁年龄组性别比达到最大,为2.16∶1。[结论]白血病主要危害儿童和老年人群,严重影响其生命质量,是白血病防控的重点人群。     

新疆喀什地区维吾尔族汉族恶性肿瘤病理统计分析

从病理学角度对喀什地区维、汉两族恶性肿瘤进行统计分析显示：（１）恶性肿瘤中的宫颈癌、食管癌的检出率明显高于汉族；汉族中的肠癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、肺癌的检出率明显高于维族（Ｐ〈０．０１）；（２）维族宫颈癌患者检出的平均年龄较汉族提前７．４岁，高发年龄组较汉族提前１０岁；（３）维族胃癌男女之比是６．４５：１，男性明显多于女性；汉族胃癌男女之比是３．４６：１；（４）维汉两族癌患者的平均年龄分别为４７．８岁及     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中DAPK表达的研究

[目的]探讨DAPK基因与新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变的相关关系。[方法]选取维吾尔族妇女正常或炎症的宫颈组织30例、CINⅠ30例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ30例、宫颈鳞癌组织30例采用免疫组化SP法检测DAPK蛋白表达;为了进一步验证DAPK蛋白表达水平,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测正常或炎症的宫颈组织10例、CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ15例、宫颈鳞癌组织20例中mRNA的表达。[结果]DAPK的蛋白表达率在正常或炎症的宫颈组织、CINⅠ、CINⅡ/Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组织中分别为93.3%、83.3%、60.0%、33.3%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）;四组mRNA的表达率分别为90.0%、90.0%、46.7%、10.0%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）。宫颈组织中DAPK在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达均和宫颈病变程度成负关（P〈0.05）。[结论]新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织中DAPK蛋白和mRNA水平均随病变程度加深而减少;DAPK蛋白检测可能为宫颈癌的早期诊断提供依据。     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.