紫外可见分光光度法测定环境空气中甲醛含量的不确定度评定

根据《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》(CNAS-GL06:2006)及《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012),对分光光度法测定环境空气中甲醛含量的不确定度进行了评定。按照《空气质量甲醛的测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法》(GB/T 15516—1995)进行样品采集及测定。结果显示,由对环境空气中甲醛的采集及分析过程引入的相对不确定度分别为2.87%,8.63%,由标准曲线配制、工作曲线拟合、样品重复测定、样品前处理及仪器测定引入的相对不确定度分别为8.28%,2.33%,0.28%,0.55%及0.40%。     

大白菜中甲基托布津残留量的测量不确定度评估分析

本文通过对大白菜中甲基托布津残留量的测量过程中不确定度的评定,发现标准曲线的线性方程拟合、样品重复测定和标准溶液配制是影响大白菜中甲基托布津残留量测量结果的主要因子。可通过提高标准曲线的线性范围、严格的样品预处理和标准溶液配制的准确性来降低测量过程的不确定度。     

无火焰原子吸收法测定水中铅的测量不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对无火焰原子吸收法测定水中铅的测量不确定度进行评定。结果表明,无火焰原子吸收法测定水中铅的不确定度主要来源于工作曲线拟合、重复测定样品、标准溶液及配制。经评定:水中铅检测结果可表示为:(5.60±0.20)?g/L,k=2,进一步反应了测量结果的可信度与完整性,并建立了一套切合实际的测量不确度评定的步骤和方法。     

使用气相色谱／质谱测定汽油中元素硫含量的不确定度评定

使用气相色谱／质谱测定汽油中元素硫含量,采用样品直接进样和外标法定量,该分析方法简单、快速、灵敏,且无干扰。根据不确定度的传播规律,对所用标准曲线、有证标准样品、称重、合格的玻璃器皿、测量重复性等不确定度来源进行分析评定,其中由标准曲线上求元素硫含量时所产生的不确定度分量最大,其次是测量重复性,这两项是该法测定结果不确定度的重要来源,标准溶液浓度所产生的不确定度分量较小。置信度为95％时,高、低浓度样品元素硫含量的扩展相对不确定度分别为6．4％和4．2％。     

红外吸收法测定煤中氢含量的不确定度评定

全面介绍了采用红外吸收法对煤中氢的不确定度评定方法,应用统计学理论对其不确定度的产生原因进行分析,包括由各种随机因素产生的不确定度分量、天平引起的不确定度、煤有证标准物质的标准值不确定度引起的不确定度、工作曲线回归方程引入的标准不确定度、检测设备引入的不确定度、Mad重复测定引起的不确定度。分析测量过程各不确定度分量对总不确定度的影响,确定测定结果的置信区间。给出煤中氢的含量及其置信区间为4.10%±0.014%。     

水中化学需氧量测定的不确定度评定

文中从硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液浓度、空白和水样消耗硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液体积、水样体积、重复性评定用重铬酸盐法测定水中化学需氧量时产生的不确定度,最后计算相对合成不确定度和相对扩展不确定度,并报告化学需氧量测定结果。     

钛合金中氧氮含量测量不确定度评定研究

文章依据GB/T 4698.7—2011化学仪器分析红外、热导法对钛合金氧氮含量进行测试,采用GUM方法对TC4合金中氧氮含量进行不确定度评定,分别从试样的均匀性、环境、仪器校准、仪器分辨率、化学标准物质、数值修约等方面进行评定。结果显示仪器校准及标准物质为影响氧氮不确定度评定的主要影响因素。在K=2,置信概率为95%的情况下,氧的扩展不确定度为0.01%,氮的扩展不确定度为0.002%。     

氧化微库仑法测定天然气中总硫含量的不确定度评定

建立数学模型,采用氧化微库仑法开展天然气中总硫含量测量,并进行不确定度评定。计算结果表明:测定结果引入的不确定度主要由测量重复性引入的不确定分量和标准物质引入的不确定分量所决定,计算得到氧化微库仑测定天然气总硫结果的相对合成不确定度为3%,取包含因子为2,则测量结果的相对扩展不确定度为6%。     

油田化学剂有机氯含量不确定度评定

本文通过分析氧燃烧微库仑法测定油田化学剂有机氯含量实验过程,对有机氯含量测定结果的不确定度进行了评定。不确定度主要来源:样品称量、燃烧定容及样品有机氯含量测定产生的不确定度。分析和量化各不确定度分量,测量的重复性及样品进样体积引起的不确定度贡献最大。     

钻井液滤液中氯离子含量的不确定度评定

依据测量不确定度的评价原则,从方法概述、确定不确定度的来源、建立数学模型、计算相对标准不确定度分量、合成相对标准不确定度、扩展不确定度等入手,通过实例详细阐述了钻井液滤液中氯离子含量测定的不确定度评定方法。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.