WWW和DICOM网关的实现

讨论了ＷＷＷ与ＤＩＣＯＭ网关的必要性及其实现方法和实现的结果,提出了一种新的医生与医学图像设备（包括ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、超声等设备）及ＰＡＣＳ的交互方式。文中指出：ＷＷＷ与ＤＩＣＯＭ网关是专用标准与通用标准之间的转换,实现这一转换将有利于医疗信息系统的集成及实现远程医疗信息系统。     

使用无线传感器网络设计远程会诊系统

针对家庭医疗保健工程与医院外特例病人监护,提出了一种基于无线传感器网络的远程交互会诊系统。系统将传感器节点集成为局域网采集人体多种生理信息,通过码分多址无线网络技术将信息上传Internet,送到基于GIS空间定位查询技术的数据库,从而实现电子诊断。用户或管理员可以通过Internet远程访问监测区域。研究结果表明,系统采用设置静态网关和移动探测节点的星型被动式拓扑结构,结合了智能分布式无线传感、计算和无线通信技术,有很大的实用价值。     

远程医疗信息系统的应用及相关问题

远程医疗信息系统是通过信息网络将分布在不同地点的医学信息源集成到一起，以实现医学信息共享的信息系统。本文综述了目前远程医疗系统在国外的应用状况以及发展远程系统面临的技术问题与非技术问题。     

基于Socket和多线程的远程医疗数据传输系统设计

为了保证医学数据在网络传输过程中的安全性、完整性以及传输效率,本文结合Socket网络编程接口和多线程技术,提出了在远程医疗数据传输系统中增加服务器端和客户端程序的设计思想。以在ADSL的网络环境下传输同一个D ICOM文件做验证,测试结果表明本数据传输系统可以有效地保证传输数据的安全和完整性,并且在一定范围内增加了传输数据的线程数量、发送数据缓冲区域和接受数据缓冲区域,这些有利于提高数据传输效率。     

三维水箱系统和剂量胶片分析系统测量结果比较

用三维水箱系统和剂量胶片分析系统分别对医用直线加速器的一些性能参数进行了检测,两者所得结果在３％误差范围内有较好的一致性。     

医院信息化领域的发展和挑战

21世纪，随着全球化知识经济时代的到来，科学技术将进一步相互融合、渗透，规模和层次将更广泛与深入。通信技术、微电子技术和网络技术的发展直接影响了社会信息技术发展程度。新疆依托特殊的地貌和人文资源，信息技术的需求量大且科学信息技术的发展有其自己的特色。但因地处内陆，信息交流较内地省市闭塞，技术人才分布不均，制约     

一种便携式远程心电监护仪的设计

本文介绍了一种应用于社区医疗的便携式远程心电监护仪的设计。该监护仪以MSP430F449微控制器为核心,集成了GPRS无线发送模块。患者通过佩戴该心电监护仪,可实现在家中实时采集心电数据,并借助GPRS网和Internet网上传到社区医院监护中心,供医生进行及时诊断和处理,从而实现心电信号的远程实时监护。     

远程医疗信息系统的应用及相关问题

远程医疗信息系统是通过信息网络将分布在不同地点的医学信息源集成到一起，以实现医学信息共享的信息系统。本文综述了目前远程医疗系统在国外的应用状况（包括远程会诊、远程放射学、家庭健康服务）以及发展远程医疗系统面临的技术问题与非技术问题     

远程会诊与医学专家系统概述

近年来,计算机应用的前沿学科——人工智能技术在不断发展,而作为人工智能一个重要分支的专家系统,由于其在帮助人类解决某些专门领域问题时所具有的科学和经济价值,使得人们对专家系统技术的需要日益迫切,专家系统的研制也成为计算机应用的一个热点。但是,随着计算机高新技术突飞猛进的发展,一种新的医疗形式——远程会诊大有后来居上的趋势,它的发展掩去了医学专家系统原有的光芒,甚至使人们已经忘记了它的存在。因此,摆正两者之间的关系,不仅有利于今后的发展,而且将会极大地改善我国现有的医疗卫生水平,产生巨大的社会和经济效益。1　医…     

远程医疗会诊的临床实践

远程医疗是伴随着计算机科学技术的发展而新兴的医学学科。我院自 1999年开通以电话线为主的双向可视性远距离会诊系统以来 ,远程医疗服务模式运行顺畅。近年来随着计算机多媒体技术、数字影像和通讯手段的迅速发展 ,病历资料的采集和传输方式越来越简便并多样化 ,使远程诊疗技术操作日趋完善成熟。我院作为全军远程医疗网络的一个终端 ,几年来进行的网上会诊均取得了满意的效果 ,现将临床应用体会总结如下。1　提高重危病人救治的成功率重危病人抢救成功率的高低标志着医院的医疗水平和救治能力 ,抢救时机分秒必争。我们预约的会诊病例中 ,…     

Pain and Effusion and Quadriceps Activation and Strength

Context:

Quadriceps dysfunction is a common consequence of knee joint injury and disease, yet its causes remain elusive.

Objective:

To determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Fourteen (8 men, 6 women; age = 23.6 ± 4.8 years, height = 170.3 ± 9.16 cm, mass = 72.9 ± 11.84 kg) healthy volunteers.

Intervention(s):

All participants were tested under 4 randomized conditions: normal knee, effused knee, painful knee, and effused and painful knee.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Quadriceps strength (Nm/kg) and activation (central activation ratio) were assessed after each condition was induced.

Results:

Quadriceps strength and activation were highest under the normal knee condition and differed from the 3 experimental knee conditions (P < .05). No differences were noted among the 3 experimental knee conditions for either variable (P > .05).

Conclusions:

Both pain and effusion led to quadriceps dysfunction, but the interaction of the 2 stimuli did not increase the magnitude of the strength or activation deficits. Therefore, pain and effusion can be considered equally potent in eliciting quadriceps inhibition. Given that pain and effusion accompany numerous knee conditions, the prevalence of quadriceps dysfunction is likely high.Key Words: arthrogenic muscle inhibition, central activation failure, voluntary activation, muscles

Key Points

• Knee pain and effusion resulted in arthrogenic muscle inhibition and weakness of the quadriceps.
• The simultaneous presence of pain and effusion did not increase the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction.
• To reduce arthrogenic muscle inhibition and improve muscle strength, clinicians should employ interventions that target removing both pain and effusion.

Quadriceps weakness is a common consequence of traumatic knee joint injury^1,2 and chronic degenerative knee joint conditions.^3,4 Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), a neurologic decline in muscle activation, results in quadriceps weakness and hinders rehabilitation by preventing gains in strength.⁵ The inability to reverse AMI and restore muscle function can lead to decreased physical abilities,⁶ biomechanical deficits,⁷ and possibly reinjury.⁵ Furthermore, researchers^8,9 have suggested that quadriceps weakness resulting from AMI may place patients at risk for developing osteoarthritis in the knee. In light of the substantial influence of quadriceps AMI on these clinically relevant outcomes, we need to improve our understanding of the factors that contribute to this neurologic decline in muscle activity so efforts to target and reverse it can be implemented and gains in strength can be achieved more easily.Joint injury and disease are accompanied by numerous sequelae (ie, pain, swelling, tissue damage, inflammation), so ascertaining which one ultimately leads to neurologic muscle dysfunction is difficult. Whereas a joint effusion can result in AMI,^10–12 the effects of pain are less understood despite many clinicians attributing AMI to pain. Using techniques that introduce knee pain without accompanying injury may provide insights into the role of pain in eliciting AMI.The degree of knee joint damage may play a role in the quantity of AMI that manifests. Hurley et al^13,14 demonstrated that quadriceps AMI, measured using an interpolated-twitch technique, was greater in patients with extensive traumatic knee injury (eg, fractured tibial plateau, ruptured medial collateral ligament, and medial meniscectomy) than patients with isolated joint trauma (ie, isolated anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] rupture). Similarly, patients with more knee joint symptoms (ie, greater number of symptoms and increased severity of symptoms) may present with greater magnitudes of quadriceps inhibition. Recently, investigators¹⁵ have suggested that patients with more pain display less quadriceps strength, supporting this tenet. Given that effusion and pain often present simultaneously with joint injuries and diseases, such as ACL injury and osteoarthritis, examining both the isolated and cumulative effects of these sequelae appears warranted to determine if they influence the magnitude of muscle inhibition.Experimental joint-effusion and pain models are safe and effective experimental methods that allow for the isolated examination of their effects on muscle function. The effusion model, whereby sterile saline is injected directly into the knee joint capsule,⁷ produces a clinically relevant magnitude of the joint effusion that may be present with traumatic injury. Effusion is thought to activate group II afferents responding to stretch or pressure,^16–18 which in turn may facilitate group Ib interneurons and result in quadriceps AMI.⁵ The pain model involves injecting hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad to produce anteromedial knee pain similar to that described in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.¹⁹ Pain is considered to initiate AMI through activation of group III and IV afferents that act as nocioceptors to signal damage or potential damage to joint structures.^16–18 The firing of these afferents then may lead to facilitation of group Ib interneurons, the flexion reflex, or the gamma loop, ultimately resulting in quadriceps inhibition.²⁰ Thus, these models allow us to create symptoms that are associated with knee injury and have the added benefit of providing a way to examine their effects in isolation.Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the effects of pain on quadriceps strength and activation and to learn if simultaneous pain and knee joint effusion would affect the magnitude of quadriceps dysfunction. We hypothesized that pain alone would result in quadriceps inhibition and that the magnitude of inhibition would be greater when effusion and pain were present simultaneously.     

即早基因c-fos与脑血管病及学习记忆

即早基因c-fos是广泛存在于原核细胞和真核细胞的高度保守基因.在正常情况下,c-fos基因参与细胞生长、分化、信息传递、学习和记忆等生理过程,而在病理情况下c-fos基因表达及调控变化与多种疾病的发生和发展有关.C-fos在中枢神经系统的某些部位可有基础水平的表达,但表达很低,当受到如脑缺血、脑出血、痫性发作、应激等刺激后,其在数十分钟内做出反应,在对外界刺激-转录耦联的信忠传递过程中起着核内第三信使的重要作用.     

Opportunities and challenges in the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases: children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the role of behavioral research in disease prevention and control, with a particular emphasis on lifestyle- and behavior-related cancer and chronic disease risk factors--specifically, relationships among diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity with adult cancer, and tracking developmental origins of these health-promoting and health-compromising behaviors from childhood into adulthood. METHOD: After reviewing the background of the field of cancer prevention and control and establishing plausibility for the role of child health behavior in adult cancer risk, studies selected from the pediatric published literature are reviewed. Articles were retrieved, selected, and summarized to illustrate that results from separate but related fields of study are combinable to yield insights into the prevention and control of cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood through the conduct of nonintervention and intervention research with children in clinical, public health, and other contexts. RESULTS: As illustrated by the evidence presented in this review, there are numerous reasons (biological, psychological, and social), opportunities (school and community, health care, and family settings), and approaches (nonintervention and intervention) to understand and impact behavior change in children's diet and nutrition and weight and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Further development and evaluation of behavioral science intervention protocols conducted with children are necessary to understand the efficacy of these approaches and their public health impact on proximal and distal cancer, cancer-related, and chronic disease outcomes before diffusion. It is clear that more attention should be paid to early life and early developmental phases in cancer prevention.