北太平洋柔鱼生殖群体结构特征及繁殖生物学

根据2010年6～9月北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephe bartramii)渔业的现场调查资料,分析了北太平洋柔鱼胴长和体质量组成结构、性比、初次性成熟胴长、群体成熟度指数等等基础性的渔业生物学参数,阐述了该海域柔鱼的种群结构动态及繁殖生物学的特征.结果表明:各月北太平洋柔鱼生殖群体中雌性个体数量大于雄性,且雌性个体的平均胴长及体质量均显著大于雄性;生殖群体中雌、雄个体胴长与体质量关系的差异极为显著;相同胴长组下雄性个体的性成熟率要高于雌性;北太平洋柔鱼初次性成熟胴长ML0％♀为261.83 mm;Ml50％♂为255.60mm,雄性初次性成熟胴长显著小于雌性;东部海区(170°W～178°W)生殖群体比例及个体大小明显高于两部海区传统作业渔场(150°E～160°E).判断东西部海区柔鱼是否是同一群体,还需要连续性的调查,进一步分析其成熟度随时间的变化及利用耳石信息分析技术来确定,还可以用微卫星技术测定分析以及标志放流法来判定,结论更为准确.     

2010年北太平洋海区巴特柔鱼(Ommastrephe bartrami)的生物学特征

根据2010-06—09北太平洋海区柔鱼(Ommastrephe bartrami)的现场调查资料,对其群体组成、胴长与体重的关系、性腺成熟度、摄食等级和渔获产量变化作了初步研究。结果表明:2010-06东部海区(170°～178°W,38°～41°N)优势胴长组为280～300mm,优势体重组为800～1 000g,性成熟度以Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ期为主,摄食等级5级均有分布;2010-07—09西部传统渔场海区(150°～157°E,38°～44°N)优势胴长组为200～260mm,体重组为200～600g,柔鱼各项生长指标呈逐日上升趋势,性成熟度以Ⅰ和Ⅱ期为主,摄食等级都以2级以上为主。柔鱼性成熟度群体百分比与高摄食强度呈显著的负相关,即性成熟度越高,摄食等级越低;性成熟度越低,摄食等级越高。     

基于形态法的西北太平洋柔鱼种群结构研究

西北太平洋柔鱼是我国鱿钓渔业重要捕捞对象,种群结构是渔业生物学研究的基础内容.文中根据2007年7~10月40°N~45°N,151°E~158°E海域连续采集的1 342尾柔鱼样本,测定其胴长(ML)、腕长等12项形态指标,利用正态线性转化、主成分分析和判别分析等方法研究雌雄个体的种群结构.结果表明,该海域雌、雄柔鱼均存在大小2个种群.均数差异显著性表明,雌性个体2个种群在MW/ML和FW/ML存在显著差异,雄性个体在MW/ML和AL_3/ML存在显著差异,但其形态差异仍属于种内差异.主成分分析和逐步判别分析的判别准确率(雌性60.3%,雄性60.1%),说明所划分的种群在部分形态比指标上差异明显.研究认为,形态学指标可初步区分西北太平洋柔鱼种群,但需结合其他生态学指标和耳石等硬组织进一步划分.     

西北太平洋柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartramii）繁殖生物学初步研究

根据2007年7—10月西北太平洋海域采集的1342尾柔鱼样本,分析其性腺成熟度和性腺成熟度指数等生物学特征,进行繁殖生物学研究。结果表明,总性别比均接近1：1,性成熟个体的雌性比例小于雄性,说明雄性繁殖期较长,性成熟较早。性成熟个体比例的动态变化表明,9月底雌性达到性成熟高峰。8—10月胴长组成出现双峰结构,对应于未...     

东太平洋赤道附近海域茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas) 渔业生物学的初步研究

根据2011年东太平洋赤道附近海域探捕期间采集的1178尾茎柔鱼样本,进行了茎柔鱼的生物学特性研究。结果表明:茎柔鱼胴长范围为201—421mm,平均胴长为290mm,优势胴长为260—320mm;体重范围为200—2650g,平均体重为1000g,优势体重为600—1000g;胴长与体重关系呈幂指数关系;雌、雄性比为2.59:1;性腺成熟度以I、Ⅱ期为主;缠卵腺长和缠卵腺重随着性腺的成熟而逐步增大;雌性初次性成熟胴长为397.2mm;摄食等级以0—1级为主;与其它海域相比,该海域茎柔鱼个体差异明显,主要为小型群体。     

东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)的体型月间变化及环境效应

为了掌握茎柔鱼体型生长变化及其与栖息环境因子的效应关系, 2017年2—4月和6—8月,在东太平洋赤道海域逐月随机采集了3 628尾茎柔鱼样本,进行体质量、胴长的月间变化分析和胴长与海表温、叶绿素a浓度的效应关系研究。结果显示,雌性个体胴长分布范围为163—468mm,体质量分布范围为123—3034g;雄性个体胴长分布范围为171—475mm,体质量分布范围为145—2 681 g。不同月份之间,雌性、雄性个体的胴长和体质量均存在显著性差异,雌雄性个体胴长、体质量均以2月份的最大, 6—8月份的较小。然而,每个月份雌性、雄性个体的胴长分布均为单峰值区间分布。体质量-胴长幂函数关系显示,2—4月份雌雄性个体多倾向于匀速生长、体征较差,6—8月份个体则以负异速生长为主、体征较为良好。雌性、雄性个体胴长与采样海域海表温、采样纬度呈显著的正效应关系,采样海域叶绿素a浓度对雌性胴长产生正效应影响。研究表明,东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼体型的月间差异性显著,体型变化与采样海域海表温、采样纬度关系密切,并且雌性体型与海域叶绿素a浓度呈正效应关系。     

东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼耳石外部形态特征分析

东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)是近年来新开发的鱿鱼渔场,研究其耳石生态学有助于了解其渔业基础生物学。本研究根据2017年2月～4月调查期间在东太平洋赤道海域采集到的茎柔鱼样本,观测分析其耳石形态,探讨耳石的形态差异、生长规律及个体大小对耳石的影响。研究发现,赤道茎柔鱼耳石整体狭长,具有长窄的吻区和宽大的翼区。除翼区宽外,耳石形态学参数的均值雌性比雄性大且差异显著(P0.05)。主成分分析认为,总长、吻区长和侧区长可代表耳石长度特征,吻区宽可代表耳石宽度特征。雌性个体耳石总长与胴长之间呈线性函数关系,雄性个体耳石总长与胴长之间、雌雄个体耳石总长与体重之间均呈对数函数关系。茎柔鱼胴长与其耳石的生长存在密切相关性,随个体增加其耳石总长、吻区长、侧区长和吻区宽这4个主要形态参数呈异速生长,胴长组350-400mm可能是赤道茎柔鱼耳石生长的拐点区。     

阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力及有效生殖投入

为掌握阿根廷滑柔鱼繁殖特性,根据2021年在西南大西洋公海采集到的阿根廷滑柔鱼样本进行计数和分析雌性成熟个体有效繁殖力,并利用能量密度测定技术测定分析其有效生殖投入。结果显示,阿根廷滑柔鱼雌性成熟个体的平均胴长为(244.90±16.36) mm,平均体质量为(295.16±64.85) g。雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力为24 363～102 633粒卵母细胞,平均有效繁殖力为(63 158.49±16 782.00)粒卵母细胞;卵子能量密度值为25.01～26.09kJ/g,平均值为(25.71±0.25)k J/g;有效生殖投入为219.80～817.06 kJ,平均有效生殖投入为(465.02±158.71)kJ。在功能性成熟期,雌性个体的有效繁殖力和有效生殖投入均达到最大值。然而,自成熟度Ⅳ期至Ⅵ期,卵子能量密度值、体质量相对有效繁殖力、体质量相对有效生殖投入均没有显著差异。同时,混合模型结果显示,雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力和有效生殖投入均随着体质量增加显著增大,但与个体体征没有显著相关性。结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼雌性成熟个体的有效繁殖力和有效生殖投入均与成熟体型大小密切相关,然而不同...     

北大西洋大青鲨渔业生物学初步研究

大青鲨(Prionace glauca)是金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中最主要的兼捕鱼种之一,作为海洋生物链的顶端物种对海洋生态系统的稳定性和多样性起到了重要作用。作者根据中国金枪鱼渔业科学观察员在北大西洋海域(3°~55°N,15°~40°W)采集的2 112尾大青鲨数据,按不同性别对其渔业生物学特征进行初步研究。结果表明:雌、雄大青鲨的优势叉长组分别为180~220 cm、190~230 cm,雄性叉长均值显著大于雌性,雌、雄性比符合1︰1;大青鲨叉长-全长、尾凹长-全长的线性关系分别为L_F=0.8008L_T+7.3361,L_P=0.7576L_T–1.8479;北大西洋热带海域(3°~13°N)兼捕的大青鲨群体组成以大个体为主(180~240 cm),冰岛附近海域(48°~51°N)兼捕的大青鲨群体组成以小个体为主(100~210 cm);大青鲨叉长和质量关系式为W_R=7×10~(–6)L_F~(2.9994);大青鲨肝脏为性腺的发育提供能量,成熟个体的肝质量指数显著小于未成熟个体;热带海域兼捕的大青鲨以性成熟个体为主(96.9%),冰岛海域兼捕的大青鲨以未成熟个体居多(77.1%);50%雌性性成熟个体对应的叉长为178.7 cm,50%雄性性成熟个体对应叉长为173.6 cm;雌性怀仔大青鲨的叉长与其怀仔数量线性关系为L_S=0.419×L_F–49.7(R~2=0.3905),幼仔雌雄性比符合1︰1;胃含物中以沙丁鱼和鱿鱼出现频率最高。作者的研究有助于更好地了解北大西洋大青鲨的生物学特征,为区域性渔业管理组织评估大青鲨种群资源状态提供数据参考。     

毛里塔尼亚外海乌贼成熟个体的体征研究

体征表征动物个体的健康状况,影响个体的体型及其生殖价值。乌贼(Sepia officinalis)营终生一次繁殖产卵,但性腺发育成熟个体的体征变化过程尚未可知。为此,本研究利用残差指标分析方法,对毛里塔尼亚外海分布的乌贼成熟个体的体征及其与体型、摄食强度关系进行了分析研究。结果显示,乌贼雌性成熟个体胴长范围为138～323mm,雄性成熟个体胴长范围为135～343mm;两者胴长呈单峰值区间分布,体质量与胴长呈显著的幂函数关系,幂函数拟合b值小于3。雌性、雄性成熟个体的体征存在一定的波动变化但不显著,在功能性成熟产卵期仍保持较好状态。同时,体征与胴长没有显著的函数关系,但是与胃饱满度密切相关,胃饱满度越高、体征越好;并且雌性、雄性成熟个体的空胃率比较低,在14%～34%之间。结果表明,毛里塔尼亚外海乌贼成熟个体保持个体生长,通过正常的摄食活动保持较好的体征。     

基于灰色系统的西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群资源丰度预测模型

柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartramii）是西北太平洋重要的经济头足类之一,科学预测柔鱼资源丰度有利于其合理的开发和利用。研究结合1998-2008年北太平洋柔鱼生产统计数据和产卵场环境及其气候因子,使用灰色关联分析和灰色预测建模的方法,对产卵期内（1-4月）影响柔鱼冬春生群体资源丰度（CPUE）的产卵场环境以及气候指标进行分析,并建立柔鱼冬春生群体资源丰度的预报模型。结果表明,产卵期内影响柔鱼冬春生群体资源丰度的因子依次是:3月份产卵场平均海表面温度SST（average sea surface temperature）、1月份太平洋年代际震荡指数PDO（Pacific Decadal Oscillatio index）,4月份Niño3.4指标和4月份平均叶绿素浓度Chl a（average chlorophyll a concentration）。灰色预报模型分析表明,基于3月份SST、1月份PDO和4月份Chl a的GM（1,4）模型有着较好的预测效果,其预测准确率在80%以上,可用于西北太平洋柔鱼冬春群体资源丰度的预测。     

莱州群体花鲈渔业生物学特征的研究

笔者对莱州群体花鲈的调查资料为基础,较系统地报告了该群体的形态异质性、群体组成、年龄生长、性成熟与繁殖力、饵料食性以及洄游分布等生物学特征,从而不仅为中日花鲈的物种鉴定、种群划分提供基础资料,并为该鱼的人工增养殖及资源保护提供渔业生物学依据.     

The Cabo Frio upwelling overrides geographical patterns in the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

Upwelling areas are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, influencing the biology of marine organisms. This study investigated the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris in two regions in southeastern Brazil, one inside (Macaé—Rio de Janeiro State) and one outside (Ubatuba—State of São Paulo) the Cabo Frio upwelling area. The aim was to verify the influence of the upwelling phenomenon on the abundance, growth, longevity, size of sexual maturity, and reproductive period of the species. In total, 188,902 individuals were captured at Macaé and 3,461 at Ubatuba. Individuals captured at Macaé showed larger maximum size, higher longevity, and slower growth rate, besides reaching sexual maturity at larger sizes than at Ubatuba. Continuous reproduction was observed in both regions, with juvenile recruitment peaks in spring and summer. Local conditions observed at Macaé were influenced by the Cabo Frio upwelling zone, characterized by productive and cooler waters that are around 20°C during most of the year. The upwelling phenomenon is probably the main factor influencing the population parameters studied here, changing the geographic patterns previously observed for the variation of these parameters in A. longinaris.     

Life Cycle and Population Dynamics of the Polychaete Perinereis cultrifera from the Algerian Mediterranean Coast

Abstract. The polychaete Perinereis cultrifera ( Grube, 1840 ) (Nereididae) is common along Algerian coasts in algal‐covered hard bottoms. An intensive study was conducted from June 2000 to June 2001 to characterise the life cycle of an intertidal and upper subtidal population of P. cultrifera in Algeria near the Tunisian border (30 km). P. cultrifera has a 3‐year life span and reproduces exclusively by epitoky. The reproductive season is short, and spawning occurs in late April/early May when the sea‐water surface temperature starts rising. Female sexual differentiation starts in February in the second year of life; thus, the oocytes take 16 months to mature and their diameter at maturity is approximately 250 μm.     

荣成俚岛和胶南斋堂岛斑头鱼渔业生物学特征的比较研究

对2010年10月采自荣成俚岛和胶南斋堂岛近海的斑头鱼(Hexagrammos agrammus)繁殖群体生物学特征进行了比较分析.研究结果表明:两个群体斑头鱼的体长组成和体质量组成差异不显著,优势体长组均为100～150mm,优势体质量组分别为20.0～50.0g和30.0～70.0 g;体长与体质量关系分别为W=2.0×10-5L3.0.257(R2=0.968 7)和W=1.0×10 5L3.0805(R2=0.943 8),肥满度指数(K)分别为1.83±0.19和2.08±0.20.荣成俚岛斑头鱼较胶南斋堂岛群体的生长速度慢、肥满度指数低,但卵径大、性成熟较早.斑头鱼雌雄个体的性腺成熟度和性成熟系数均与体长呈正相关关系;肝脏指数和肥满度指数变化可作为判定斑头鱼繁殖时期的重要依据.水温不同造成2个群体繁殖期差异,胶南斋堂岛群体繁殖时间相对滞后.     

Influence of oceanological conditions on the distribution and biological features of the mass squid species in the South Kuril region

The distribution of the three mass commercial cephalopod species (the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus, the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii, and the boreal clubhook squid Onychoteuthis borealijaponica) on the Pacific side of the South Kuril Islands is analyzed in relation to oceanological conditions using the data of scientific catches of squids and oceanographic observations obtained by Japanese and Russians research vessels in August–September of 1994–1999. With respect to the extension of the waters of subtropical origin, three types of oceanological conditions are distinguished: the “conventionally cold” (1996, 1997), “conventionally warm” (1998, 1999) and “conventionally normal” (1994, 1995) conditions. It is shown that conventionally cold years are more favorable for the fishery of the Japanese common squid and the boreal clubhook squid and conventionally normal years are favorable for the fishery of all three squid species, while conventionally cold years are only favorable for the fishery of the neon flying squid. Particular features of the distribution and biology of each of the squid species considered are discussed.     

First record of mosquitofish,Gambusia holbrooki,in Tasmania,Australia: Stock structure and reproductive biology

The first population of mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, was discovered in a wetland area of the upper Tamar Estuary, northern Tasmania, Australia, in November 2000. We report aspects of the structure and reproductive biology of this population, based on 1567 fish collected between August 2001 and January 2002. Females dominated most catches. Maximum lengths were 48.9 and 23.6 mm standard length (SL) for females and males, respectively. Growth of the over‐wintered cohort was evident from October, when temperatures reached >19°C; growth rates in the young‐of‐season cohort from length frequency plots were 0.38 mm/ day for females and 0.19 mm/day for males. Estimated SL at 50% maturity for females (25.0 mm) and males (17.4 mm) were attained within 7 weeks of birth. Developing embryos were present from mid October and offspring from mid November; average number of stage III embryos was 55.5 (3–144). Given their rapid reproductive turnover (c. 34‐day gestation period) and resilience to broad environmental conditions, it is likely that this exotic pest will spread to other Tasmanian localities, as it has already been discovered in areas near the wetlands since the completion of this study.     

The impact of intrapopulation variability in reproductive traits on population reproductive potential of Grand Bank American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)

In geographically extensive fish populations the potential exists for reproductive traits to vary over the population’s range but, the impact that such intrapopulation variability has on overall population reproductive potential has not been formally assessed. Here intrapopulation spatial variability in size at maturity and fecundity are demonstrated for Grand Bank American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea). Recognition of intrapopulation variability in these reproductive traits coupled with spatial variability in abundance resulted in an increase in estimated population total egg production (TEP) by as much as 10¹⁴ eggs for American plaice and 10¹⁵ eggs for yellowtail flounder as compared to assessment of TEP for the population as a whole. Results highlight the need to explore variability in life history traits not only between but, also within populations and emphasizes the need for sufficient spatial coverage during sampling in order to assess the reproductive potential of fish populations.     

Spatio-temporal variations in reproductive patterns and population structure of Pasiphaea multidentata (Decapoda: Caridea) in the Blanes canyon and adjacent margin, North-western Mediterranean Sea

Pasiphaea multidentata is a deep‐water caridean shrimp fished in the Mediterranean in association with the commercially exploited red‐shrimp Aristeus antennatus. A previous study describes seasonality in the reproductive pattern of P. multidentata using external morphological parametres. This study assesses the spatio‐temporal variations in the population structure, sex ratio, ovary cycle and gametogenesis of P. multidentata from three different fishing grounds in the Blanes canyon and adjacent margin (North‐western Mediterranean) over an annual cycle. The oogenetic pattern of this species is typical of a caridean shrimp. There is a pool of previtellogenic oocytes at all times that develop from the periphery of the gonad towards the centre during maturation. Previtellogenic oocytes grow to approximately 200 μm before undergoing vitellogenesis. The vitellogenic oocytes are surrounded by a monolayer of accessory cells. The maximum size observed for a mature oocyte was 1420 μm. The oocyte‐size distribution confirmed the seasonal reproductive pattern of this species; in winter, the ovaries contained mainly previtellogenic oocytes, some of which start maturing in spring, resulting in a slightly bimodal distribution. In summer, the vitellogenic oocytes reach approximately 1000 μm and in late autumn the ovaries are fully mature and ready to spawn. There were no significant differences in the reproductive and population structure patterns of P. multidentata among the three sites, suggesting that the population’s distribution is not affected by the geomorphology of the area, in particular the presence of the canyon. The populations are dominated by females at all sites and all seasons, with the arrival of juveniles in spring. The seasonal variations in the reproduction and recruitment of P. multidentata and the lack of spatial segregation within the population are discussed in terms of the species’ known biology, the effects of canyons in energy supply to the deep‐sea floor and the relationships of this species with the red‐shrimp A. antennatus.