国际经验与企业实践——制定适合国情的中国公司治理原则

本文从公司治理这一国际性前沿课题的核心入手,论述了提高公司治理的有效性不仅要建立健全公司治理结构,更要培育科学运作的公司治理机制。面对各国、地区、组织制定公司治理原则的热潮,在分析世界各国、组织的公司治理原则的特点和发展趋势的基础上,提出了在我国企业进入公司治理改革新阶段的时候,良好的公司治理既需要国家通过强制性的法律法规对治理结构进行规定,还需要制定与公司环境变化相适应的、具有指导性、非强制性和灵活性的公司治理原则的观点。文章最后分析了制定适合我国国情的中国公司治理原则的必要性和迫切性,并介绍了由南开大学“中国公司治理原则研究课题组”研究完成的《中国公司治理原则（草案）》的内容、特点和创新之处。     

经理人的激励和约束问题——过去20年美国公司治理机制演进过程探析

经理人的激励和约束是公司治理的核心问题。过去20年间美国公司的治理机制发生了一系列重大的转变,对世界范围内的公司治理理论和实践产生了重大的影响。本文回顾了美国公司治理机制的演进过程,介绍了美国公司治理机制在各历史阶段的主要特征,分析了产生这些不同特征的各种因素,最后本文对公司治理机制演进的核心线索作了总结。     

公司治理影响审计质量吗?——来自中国资本市场的经验证据

在本研究中,我们使用审计费用作为审计质量的代理,试图调查管理者持股、第一大股东持股、产权性质、董事会特征、公司治理会议、公司控制权市场、法律环境和债务融资等公司治理机制如何影响审计质量。研究发现公司治理确实对审计质量具有显著的影响。经验证据大多支持治理水平高的公司具有较高审计质量的论点。但是,我们没有发现管理者持股、董事会特征和债务融资显著影响审计质量的证据。     

银行贷款、商业信用融资及我国上市公司的公司治理

本文讨论了银行贷款以及商业信用融资对我国上市公司公司治理的影响.通过对1995到2000年间上市公司CEO更换的研究,我们得到两个结论:第一,在经营业绩为负的公司中,银行贷款与强制性CEO更换存在负向关系,而商业信用融资与强制性CEO更换存在正向关系;第二,在盈利能力一般的公司中,商业信用融资与强制性CEO更换仍为正向关系,但银行贷款与强制性CEO更换却不存在明显的关系.以上结果表明,商业信用融资在CEO强制性更换中起到了积极的作用,改善了上市公司的公司治理,而银行贷款却没有起到相应的作用,甚至有负面的作用.     

公司治理效率与投资者保护：一个理论分析框架

本文通过一个理论模型的分析框架,探讨了公司治理与投资者保护之间的内在联系.本文的研究结果表明,公司治理与投资者保护之间存在密切的联系.法律对投资者的保护越好,则股东经理转移公司利润的倾向越低,治理效率越高;在信息不对称情况下,所有上市公司都将选择治理效率最低的战略组合,这是目前我国上市公司治理效率普遍较低的原因之一;如果法律强制性地提高对投资者的保护,将使所有公司都能从中得到效率收益,从而使得所有公司的状况得到改善.     

制度环境与公司内部治理机制

制度环境对组织结构及效率的影响，是公司治理最重要的研究领域之一，也是最近几年有关公司治理研究的热点问题。本文主要对制度环境中最关键和最具影响力的因素—法律环境和政府干预—对公司的股权集中度、董事会、激励约束机制等内部治理机制的影响作用进行了探讨。     

浅析税收征管对公司治理的影响

在转型经济中,面对复杂的公司治理问题,法律与规制等正式制度的低效或失灵导致公司治理结构的普遍失败,而税收作为一种具有法律效力的重要外部力量能够影响并改善公司治理,发挥公司治理效应。     

基于文化视角的我国公司治理模式的探讨

随着全球化的进程加快,西方发达国家在公司治理方面的一些成功经验被引入我国。然而,这些成功的经验在国内未能得到长足的发展。现有的关于公司治理的研究多是基于政治、法律、社会的角度来分析各国的公司治理模式,而基于文化视角的研究还很少。本文从文化的视角分析各国的公司治理模式,探讨我国的公司治理模式的文化特征以及其他各国公司治理模式的借鉴意义。     

资本结构、金融中介和公司治理

公司治理作为当前国有企业改革的重要措施之一,受到了人们广泛的关注。而金融中介机构的发展与成熟程度直接影响着公司的资本结构和治理结构,进而影响着公司的竞争能力。本文借鉴西方财务理论和日美公司治理方面的经验与教训对金融中介机构是否应积极参与公司治理进行了较深入的探讨,提出其积极参与公司治理的理性决策模型,同时也回答了如何来完善我国上市公司的公司治理结构的问题:重构现代金融体系,激励国有商业银行,大力发展资本市场、培育机构投资者以及修改与制定相关的法律制度,促使其积极参与公司治理。     

完善公司治理视角下的股东法定知情权保护——兼论《公司法司法解释(四)》第九条

股东知情权属股东法定权利,具有固有权属性;公司法第三十三条、第九十七条关于有限责任公司和股份有限公司股东享有知情权的规定属法律强制性规范;法定知情权既不能被剥夺、限制,也不能由股东通过协议主动放弃,否则无效;公司不得以公司章程限制、股东间协议等约定限制为由拒绝股东行使法定知情权。本文通过对股东知情权的立法及行使过程中存在问题的阐述,通过法理分析,在完善公司治理方面提出保护股东法定知情权的实践路径。     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Chronic stress and chronic disease in life and work: Conceptual and methodological issues

This paper argues that the lack of strong prospective evidence linking occupational and social stress to chronic disease stems from the failure of research designs to attend sufficiently to the aetiological chronicity of such diseases. Studies of both supposedly acute stress (life events) and chronic stress in life or work must increasingly be designed to distinguish between stress which is sustained or chronic over a period of yean or even decades, and hence capable of causing a serious chronic disease, and brief or transient stress, which may produce transient or brief psychological or physiological disturbances but cannot generate major chronic disease. Prospective studies are needed which collect measures of both stress and health or disease at multiple points over an extended period of time. Measures of stress should focus more on affect (for example, feelings of pressure and tension) than on cognition (for example feelings of satisfaction). Limited existing evidence is consistent with these ideals.