Identification of factor determining strength under compressive loads of steel members corrected by heating/pressing

By using cruciform columns, factors dominating behavior under compressive loads of steel structural members, whose locally buckled part was corrected by heating/pressing, have been elucidated. They were geometric residual imperfection resulted from incomplete correction and increase of yield stress due to large plastic deformation caused by local buckling and its correction process. For soundness diagnosis of the corrected member, the importance of these factors was investigated based on the results of the numerical simulation. Although the increase of yield stress did not affect the ultimate strength, that changed the deformation mode of the member after the ultimate situation. As the result, it was elucidated that the increase of yield stress was not important in the soundness diagnosis. The residual imperfection affected the buckling and ultimate strength of the corrected member. Rather the size of the region than the absolute value in the out-of-plane direction of the residual imperfection should be controlled as small as possible for ensuring the soundness of the corrected member.     

Effects of welding residual stress on compressive behavior and ultimate strength of corroded plate

This study examined the effects of welding residual stress on the compressive behavior and the ultimate strength of the corroded plate. First, welding residual stress was obtained by the thermal elastic-plastic analysis. Then, the change of welding residual stress and the deflection due to the volume loss was investigated by using a newly developed program based on FEM. Finally, the effects of welding residual stress on the compressive behavior and the ultimate strength of the corroded plate were investigated by the elastic-plastic large deformation analysis. As results, the beginning point of the reduction of the initial stiffness with welding residual stress was earlier than that without welding residual stress. Such effect was observed significantly in the case that the volume was lost in the region which has compressive residual stress. Furthermore, the ultimate strength of the corroded plate was reduced by welding residual stress regardless of the plate length, the corroded regions and the reduction of the thickness. The effect of welding residual stress on the ultimate strength became small with the decrease of the thickness.     

Bending capacity of girth-welded circular steel tubes

In this paper, the buckling behavior of girth-welded circular steel tubes subjected to bending was investigated by numerical method. Finite element (FE) simulation of the girth welding process was first performed to obtain weld-induced residual stress and deformation employing sequentially coupled three-dimensional (3-D) thermo-mechanical FE formulation. Elastoplastic large-deformation analysis in which the failure mode, the ultimate moment capacity and the moment versus end-rotation behavior of girth-welded circular steel tubes under pure bending were explored incorporating weld-induced geometric imperfection and residual stress was next carried out. Results showed that the flexural behavior of girth-welded circular steel tubes always involves local buckling near the girth weld on the compression side, which significantly affects the moment versus end-rotation response.     

圆形焊接钢管的弯曲性能

采用数值计算方法对圆形焊接钢管的弯曲性能进行研究。用有限元(FE)法模拟环缝的焊接过程,采用三维(3D)热力耦合FE模型得到焊接残余应力和变形。结合焊接引起的几何缺陷和残余应力,对焊接圆钢管的失效模式、抗弯承载能力以及纯弯曲状态下的端部扭转性能进行了弹塑性大变形分析。结果表明,圆形焊接钢管的弯曲性能包含邻近焊缝处受压区的局部屈曲,这对端部扭矩有着显著影响。     

Verification of possibility for controlling welding distortion generated by laser-arc hybrid welding

For predicting welding distortion and residual stress generated by laser-arc hybrid welding (HYBW) with high accuracy by the 3D thermal elastic-plastic analysis based on FEM, a heat input model considering the dual heat source of HYBW was proposed. By using the proposed model, welding distortion and residual stress generated by HYBW on the general structural steel under several welding conditions, in which the heat input ratio of laser and arc were variously changed, were obtained. Comparing with the results obtained by experiments and analyses, the validity and generality of the proposed heat input model could be verified. The tendency and magnitude of welding distortion varied with the heat input ratio of laser and arc. The results indicated the possibility for controlling welding distortion generated by HYBW with the optimum heat input ratio of laser and arc.     

考虑蠕变和残余应力释放的Q460钢柱抗火设计方法

承受荷载的钢结构在火灾下可发生明显的蠕变变形,钢结构中的焊接残余应力在火灾下也会一定程度地释放,因而高温蠕变变形和残余应力会对钢柱的耐火性能产生影响.为了准确地对高强度Q460钢柱进行抗火设计,有必要定量分析高温蠕变和残余应力释放对钢柱承载力的影响.采用电炉对2根焊接H形Q460钢柱进行耐火试验,得到无保护Q460钢柱...     

初始缺陷对矩形钢管混凝土柱壁板屈曲后强度的影响

为了研究焊接残余应力和几何初始缺陷对矩形钢管混凝土柱壁板屈曲后强度的影响,采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行参数分析,参数包括壁板的屈服强度、宽厚比、几何初始缺陷取值大小、是否施加几何初始缺陷和焊接残余应力,并考虑两者耦合作用,给出考虑焊接残余应力和几何初始缺陷后的矩形钢管混凝土柱壁板有效宽度计算公式,并与试验数据进行比较。结果表明:建立的有限元模型能较好地模拟壁板的局部屈曲和屈曲后行为,焊接残余应力和几何初始缺陷都会降低壁板屈曲后强度,且焊接残余应力的影响较大; 不同强度等级的钢材都需要考虑焊接残余应力和几何初始缺陷的影响,对于屈服强度大于460 MPa的高强钢材,当宽厚比大于65时,可以忽略几何初始缺陷的影响; 给出的有效宽度计算公式可以较为准确且偏保守地预测矩形钢管混凝土柱壁板屈曲后强度。     

A simplified FE simulation method with shell element for welding deformation and residual stress generated by multi-pass butt welding

In order to propose a simplified simulation method using finite element (FE) model for predicting deformation and residual stress generated by multi-pass butt welding, a series of experiments and numerical analyses were carried out. 3-pass butt welding of steel plates was simulated by the thermal elasto-plastic analysis with shell elements and with solid elements respectively. A heat input model for considering the temperature distribution in the thickness direction in shell elements was proposed. The validity of the heat input model was verified by comparing analytical results with experimental results or other analytical results using solid elements. Furthermore, the effectiveness for saving computing time by using shell elements was confirmed from the comparison with the case using solid elements. It was confirmed that the welding out-of-plane deformation and residual stress could be predicted with high accuracy by the proposed method. The computing time was around 14% of that by the precise model with solid elements.     

A semi-analytical method for the elastic–plastic large deflection analysis of stiffened panels under combined biaxial compression/tension, biaxial in-plane bending, edge shear, and lateral pressure loads

In the earlier publications [Paik JK, Thayamballi AK, Lee SK, Kang SJ. A semi-analytical method for the elastic-plastic large deflection analysis of welded steel or aluminium plating under combined in-plane and lateral pressure loads. Thin-Walled Struct 2001;39;125–52; Paik JK, Thayamballi AK. Ultimate limit state design of steel-plated structures. Chichester: Wiley; January 2003], the author presented a semi-analytical method for the elastic–plastic large deflection analysis of unstiffened plates under biaxial loads, edge shear, biaxial in-plane bending and out-of-plane (lateral) pressure loads until the ultimate strength is reached. In the present paper, a similar method is applied to stiffened panels subjected to the same type of loading. The effect of initial imperfections in the form of initial deflection and welding residual stresses is accounted for in the calculations. The validity of the developed method is demonstrated by comparing with existing theoretical and numerical results where relevant. The present theory can be useful for ultimate strength analysis of plates and stiffened panels made of steel or aluminium alloys.     

焊接加固热作用对工形截面压弯钢构件承载性能的影响

为研究焊接加固热作用及不同初始负载对工字形压弯钢柱承载性能的影响,基于考虑热影响的热结构耦合分析方法进行了热源模型热输入改进,并考虑初始几何缺陷、初始残余应力及摩擦等,完成了不同负载下焊接加固的3个工字形压弯钢柱的模拟分析。研究了焊接位移时程、腹板应力应变重分布及荷载位移关系,通过有限元分析与相应试验结果对比验证,进而获得了试验无法获得的焊接温度场、翼缘与加固板间的焊接应力应变重分布以及翼缘边缘屈服承载力等结果,并将承载力结果与规范计算结果对比,考察了现有设计方法。结果表明,焊接顺序决定焊接变形的发展过程,焊接热输入和初始负载共同决定持载焊接的位移变化范围和焊接残余变形的大小;初始负载越大,应力应变重分布往偏心受力方向发展更多,承载力越低,而初始残余应力不影响极限承载力;采用考虑热影响的有限元方法具有一定可行性和总体安全性,规范设计方法仍有可提升空间。     

负载下焊接加固钢结构压弯构件受力性能的影响因素分析

为研究负载下焊接加固钢结构压弯构件的受力性能,采用考虑焊接热影响的有限元分析方法,对不同初始负载、偏心距、长细比及焊接热输入等级等影响因素进行分析。完成了包括未加固压弯钢柱及加固压弯钢柱共72个构件的受力全过程模拟分析,获得了各因素影响规律,并验证了考虑二阶效应的新的名义应力比计算公式。结果表明:未加固构件的初始负载水平可通过二阶式反映;初始几何缺陷模式及大小影响失稳破坏方向及焊接残余变形大小;影响加固构件极限承载力的主要因素依次为偏心距、长细比、焊接热输入、初始应力比;影响焊接残余变形的主要因素依次为焊接热输入、初始应力比、长细比;为新编《钢结构加固设计规范》关于负载下焊接加固压弯构件设计计算方法提供了参考和依据。     

钢管混凝土框架结构力学性能非线性有限元分析

在考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的基础上进行了钢管混凝土柱-钢梁平面框架结构力学性能的非线性有限元分析,核心混凝土采用考虑钢管约束效应的应力-应变关系,钢材采用二次塑流模型或线性强化模型,通过在有限元公式中引入几何刚度矩阵,并在荷载步中更新坐标描述二阶效应来反映框架结构的几何非线性效应。基于近似修正的拉格朗日表述来反映框架结构变形前后位形之间的关系,利用虚功原理建立相应的增量平衡方程,并采用位移增量法求解非线性有限元方程,理论计算结果得到试验结果的验证。分析表明,基于非线性纤维梁-柱单元理论的分析方法可以反映钢管混凝土框架在受力过程中构件屈服和塑性分别沿截面和杆长两个方向扩展的分布塑性特征,并考虑初始缺陷、残余应力等,因此可较好地反映钢管混凝土框架的力学性能。在此基础上对影响钢管混凝土框架力学性能的主要因素进行了参数分析,分析的具体结果可供有关研究或工程应用参考。     

内置十字加强板圆形钢管短柱在轴压作用下的力学性能研究

通过运用有限元分析软件MARC,分析了内置十字加强板圆形钢管短柱在轴压作用下弹塑性力学性能,目的是为了确定该类桥墩的有效失稳长度和短柱极限承载力及极限应变。分析时考虑了焊接残余变形和残余应力的影响,考察的参数有径厚比、Ls/D等参数。通过研究提出了短柱的有效失稳长度、极限强度和极限应变的关系式,为桥墩抗震性能评价提供了理论基础。     

考虑内压影响的薄壁钢板筒仓屈曲承载力研究

一定程度的内压会降低薄壁钢板筒仓对缺陷的敏感性,提高其弹性屈曲承载力;但内压过高时,筒仓会出现弹塑性强度破坏或弹塑性屈曲破坏,其承载力反而降低。我国现有《粮食钢板筒仓设计规范》（GB50322-2011）给出了考虑内压影响的屈曲承载力计算公式,但该公式只适用于计算内压较低时筒仓的弹性屈曲应力,对高内压下筒仓弹塑性破坏时采用该公式将得到不安全的结果。采用有限元方法对轴压和水平内压作用下有初始缺陷的筒仓进行了参数分析,分别讨论了内压大小、材料强度和径厚比等对筒仓屈曲应力的影响,提出了筒仓在轴压和均匀内压作用下的弹性屈曲应力和弹塑性屈曲应力计算公式,并对《粮食钢板筒仓设计规范》公式进行了修正。经验证,该计算公式与有限元分析结果基本吻合。     

超高层建筑钢板剪力墙施工技术

北京绿地中心工程钢板墙焊接量大,焊接变形及残余应力控制难度大。施工中采取了对钢板墙中的型钢柱、钢梁、钢板的安装顺序控制,对钢板之间焊接方式、焊接顺序控制,对焊接工艺控制,对设置连接钢板控制等措施。在焊接过程中对钢板进行变形监测,通过监测数据总结焊接变形的规律并调整焊接工艺,使钢板墙的施工质量满足设计及规范要求。     

Schweißverzug,Schweißeigenspannungen und Schalenstabilität

Weld distortion, residual stress and stability of shells. Imperfections have an influence on the stability behaviour of cylindrical shells and arise, among others, from the assembling process. This article deals with numerical analyses on the welding distortion and residual stresses in the weld of cylindrical shells with single‐pass circumferential weld and their influence on the stability behaviour under axial load. Cylinders and cylinder segments made of the steel grades S235 and S355 with plate thicknesses of 1 mm to 4 mm and radii of 200 mm to 1600 mm are considered. The developmental process of the weld distortion is explained by means of a cylinder and the qualitative process of radial deformation after welding is shown. Special features for developing residual stresses are explained. The influence of the transient welding process of single‐ply radial welds on the axial limited stress of the cylindrical shell is considered using a parameter study. Regularities for welding distortion with different cylinder slenderness ratios are determined from this parameter study.     

An experimental study of ultimate compressive strength of transversely stiffened aluminium panels

An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the ultimate strength of welded stiffened aluminium panels in alloy 6082 T6 subjected to in-plane compressive loads normal to the directions of the stiffeners. This load case is not treated in the European standard for aluminium structures, Eurocode 9. A total of 21 panel specimens with various side aspect ratios and both open and closed stiffener sections were tested in a purpose made test rig. Great care was taken to ensure the rig gave very precise boundary conditions. The panels were manufactured by metal inert gas arc welding and friction stir welding. An extensive measurement program was carried out to determine the distribution of material strength and initial geometric imperfections. Small imperfection amplitudes were found. Tensile tests revealed variation in material properties, but the strength values were on average higher than the values stated in Eurocode 9. The panels failed by two different deformation modes; global flexural buckling and local buckling of the plate elements between the stiffeners.     

全焊接钢结构桥梁焊接变形和残余应力的预测与控制研究

以上海闵浦二桥中的典型整体焊接节点为背景,利用热弹塑性有限元法对节点的焊接残余应力进行预测。研究结果显示:合理的多层焊方案,通过焊接变形和残余应力的相互抵消,可以起到减少焊接变形和残余应力的作用;得到了上、下弦节点(I型)的残余应力分布;实现了上下弦节点(I型)加工局部以及整体模型的焊接变形预测;为焊接变形的控制、焊接工艺的优化以及最佳装配焊接工艺的制订提供理论依据。     

大型或复杂钢结构焊接残余应力与变形研究进展

综述了大型或复杂钢结构焊接残余应力与变形的研究进展,给出了材料高温性能、网格自适应技术、并行计算技术、子结构子模型技术及分解算法等焊接钢结构模拟新技术的研究现状,讨论了厚板、节点、整体复杂结构焊接残余应力的研究进展,总结了焊接残余应力的测量方法及应用情况,给出了大型或复杂结构今后的研究方向。结果表明:大型或复杂结构焊接残余应力在数值模拟方法、构件或整体结构性能、测量技术等方面都取得了一定的进展,随着大型复杂钢结构日益增多,研究焊接残余应力和变形问题将对工程结构的设计、施工及结构安全有十分重要的意义。     

大直径锚盘变形的荷载传递分析法

根据锚锭板、钢绞线与水泥土的相互作用机理,以弹性力学为基础,建立了拉拔荷载下三者的受力平衡方程。锚锭板受力采用弹性半空间的Boussinesq解,钢绞线握裹力采用忽略水泥土体的无旋应变下的变形协调平衡方程,并以三者的协调变形为前提,利用传递矩阵方法,计算了土层中大直径锚杆内各锚锭板所受荷载和位移的关系。通过理论计算可知,靠近张拉荷载的锚锭板最先达到塑性,而后是距离较远的发挥其承载力,如果进一步考虑钢绞线握裹力的影响,当近张拉端锚锭板达到塑性时,较远处锚锭板构件承载力的发挥程度将进一步减小。