电谐振器和磁谐振器构成的左手材料的实验验证

加工、制作和测试了由电谐振器和磁谐振器构成的左手材料.首先分别测试了电谐振器、磁谐振器各自的传输频谱,得到各自的负参数区域,然后测试了由电谐振器和磁谐振器构成的左手材料的传输频谱,并提取了其等效介电常数和磁导率.实验结果表明,在电谐振器和磁谐振器各自传输禁带的重合区域,出现了一个通带,在该通带内,等效介电常数和磁导率同时为负,验证了材料的左手特性.     

复合左右手技术的二元阵天线的计算及测量

为了克服微带天线的横向尺寸需要满足半个波长的限制,本文提出了一种基于复合左右手传输线技术的二元阵天线.该天线阵由结构相同的两个天线阵单元构成:天线阵单元由3个辐射片、辐射片之间的交指电容和导通辐射片和接地板的短路针组成.辐射片、短路针、天线阵的基片和接地板构成了复合左右手传输线结构.天线阵单元之间通过弓形连接线连接,通过调节弓形连接线两个端口到馈源之间的距离来调节天线阵单元之间的初始相位差.在关心频段内,数值计算得到的二元阵天线的S参数与实际测量结果符合得很好,并且零阶谐振频率与用等效电路理 关键词： 天线 异向介质 左右手传输线 增益     

Metamaterials and metasurfaces for designing metadevices:Perfect absorbers and microstrip patch antennas

In the past twenty years, electromagnetic metamaterials represented by left-handed metamaterials(LHMs) have attracted considerable attention due to the unique properties such as negative refraction, perfect lens, and electromagnetic cloaks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of our group's work on metamaterials and metasurfaces. We present several types of LHMs and chiral metamaterials. As a two-dimensional equivalent of bulk three-dimensional metamaterials, metasurfaces have led to a myriad of devices due to the advantages of lower profile, lower losses, and simpler to fabricate than bulk three-dimensional metamaterials. We demonstrate the novel microwave metadevices based on metamaterials and metasurfaces: perfect absorbers and microwave patch antennas, including novel transmission line antennas,high gain resonant cavity antennas, wide scanning phased array antennas, and circularly polarized antennas.     

由同时具有磁谐振和电谐振结构组成的左手材料

为了在同一结构中同时实现负介电常数和负磁导率(双负),采用一种“巨”字形结构,利用丝网印刷技术在氧化铝基板上进行加工制作,并通过仿真和实验测试证实了这种结构的“双负”特性. 与利用磁谐振器和电谐振器组阵实现左手材料的方法相比,这种单一结构可以同时实现负介电常数和负磁导率,制作方便,等效电路简单,双负频段较宽. 利用丝网印刷技术进行样品的制作,工艺简单,成本低廉. 关键词： 左手材料 磁谐振 电谐振     

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为优化表面波放电的狭缝天线阵设计,给表面波放电装置的设计提供理论依据,对狭缝天线布局进行了理论和仿真计算分析。结果表明,宽缝辐射的电磁场比纵缝强,同相激励天线辐射的电磁场比异相激励强,更容易击穿空气产生等离子体。基于磁场强度同相分布规律对已经采用的纵缝天线阵进行改进,纵缝按照两侧交互并间隔半个波导波长布置,各个纵缝均为同相,产生等离子体效果更好。     

A High Gain and Broadband C-Band Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna

A aperture-coupled patch antenna is designed with parasitic elements connecting to the rectangle ring on the bottom of antenna substrate through metal vias, which lead the current induced by patch radiator to the top surface of antenna substrate. Therefore, the effective radiation is enhanced and higher gain is achieved. The bandwidth is broadened simultaneously due to the structure of aperture-coupled patch antenna with parasitic elements. Compared to the conventional aperture-coupled patch antenna, the antenna gain increases averagely 2 dB due to the novel structure. Compared to patch antenna of electromagnetic band-gap, the dimensions of novel patch antenna greatly decreases, which can be used as element in the array antenna. Two kinds manufactured antenna are both measured in an anechoic chamber. The good agreements between numerical simulation and experimental prototype have been obtained.     

Analysis of graphene based optically transparent patch antenna for terahertz communications

With and without multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loaded graphene based optically transparent patch antennas are designed to resonate at 6 THz. Their radiation characteristics are analyzed in 5.66–6.43 THz band. The optically transparent graphene is deployed as the patch and ground plane of the antennas, which are separated by a 2.5 μm thick flexible polyimide substrate. By shorting the microstrip line and ground plane of the antenna with a MWCNT via, the return loss of the antenna is improved. The peak gain of 3.3dB at 6.2 THz and a gain greater than 3dB in 5.66–6.43 THz band is obtained for antenna loaded without MWCNT. Both the antennas achieved a −10dB impedance bandwidth of 12.83%. Gain, directivity and radiation efficiency of the proposed antennas are compared with conventional transparent patch antennas and graphene based non-transparent antennas. The antenna structures are simulated by using finite element method based electromagnetic simulator-Ansys HFSS.     

Investigation of a patch antenna based on I-shaped left-handed material

The paper investigated a patch antenna based on I-shaped left-handed materials by using the method of finite difference time domain (FDTD). The results show that there exists a wave resonance state at 6.7 GHz, where the real part of the permittivity and permeability are all negative; the effect has largely enhanced the electromagnetic wave's resonance intensity, and has improved the localized extent of electromagnetic energy obviously in such medium, resulting in a higher antenna gain, a lower return loss, and a better improvement of the antenna's characteristics. Due to such advantages, the applications of patch antennas can be extended to such fields as mobile communication, satellite communication, aviation, etc.     

Permeability enhancement of soft magnetic films through metamaterial structures

The present article proposes a structure consisting of a single magnetic film enclosed in a metamaterial. This planar structure can be manufactured using conventional deposition and patterning techniques commonly utilized in the silicon industry. One example of such a structure was manufactured, and its permeability was measured in a wide frequency range and compared to the permeability of its core. Theoretical investigations of this structure were performed in order to establish its permeability as a function of the frequency, and an excellent agreement between the predicted and measured values was observed. Parametrical studies revealed that the metafilm exhibited two resonances; one below the gyromagnetic resonance frequency of the magnetic core, and one at a much higher frequency. Metafilms are attractive negative permeability materials since they exhibit large negative permeability levels within a wide frequency range, and since they are readily adjustable. In this respect, they combine the advantages of metamaterials and of their magnetic cores.     

电磁带隙微带天线馈源阵设计

 针对阵列天线在大反射面馈电中的应用,设计一种基于电磁带隙（EBG）结构的馈源阵列。在深入研究EBG结构带隙特性的基础上,制作一个基于EBG结构的六边形7元微带天线阵,并对其性能进行了实测和分析。结果表明：EBG结构可以有效抑制天线阵元之间的互耦,改善天线匹配及圆极化特性;基于EBG结构的六边形馈源阵列较无EBG结构性能有较大提高,适用作反射面天线的焦平面馈电阵。     

A 24-GHz Patch Array with a Power Amplifier/Low-Noise Amplifier MMIC

This paper presents an active patch array designed at 24 GHz. It can be used as a front-end component for a phased array. A series resonant array structure is chosen which is compact and easy excite. With 5 elements, the array proved a 12-dB antenna gain. A power amplifier and a low noise amplifier are designed on a single GaAs chip (PALNA). Bias switch is used in the PALNA, which greatly reduces the switch loss in a transceiver and increases the efficiency. 20-dB small signal gain is achieved in both power amplifier and low noise amplifier. The active patch array is built by the combination of the patch array and PALNA. The measured active gain of this antenna is 35-dB for the PA mode and 31-dB for the LNA mode. This active patch array can obtain an EIRP of 34 dBm with a total radiated power of 22dBm and a maximum PAE of 32%. To check the noise performance, we applied sources at both normal temperature and 77K (liquid nitrogen) and extracted the noise figure (3.5 dB) of the active antenna by the Y factor method. The results proved that the active antenna is working efficiently as both a transmitting and receiving antenna.     

Reconfigurable subwavelength waveguide based on magnetic metamaterial

The design and characterization is described of a reconfigurable subwavelength waveguide based on magnetic metamaterial. The waveguide is capable of reconfiguring its propagating mode from right-handed to left-handed, which can be applied in the design of novel microwave and RF devices such as leaky wave antennas with broadened scanning range. The waveguide consists of a rectangular metallic waveguide loaded by two pieces of different magnetic metamaterials, which are structured by the same cells—modified split ring resonators (MSRRs)—with different arrangements. Positions of the two pieces of metamaterials in the waveguide can be reconfigured separately by the control mechanism. The simulated transmission data show that the waveguide has a passband below the cutoff frequency of the hollow waveguide either in the left-handed case or in the right-handed case. The extracted constitutive parameters have demonstrated that the effective permittivity and permeability of the waveguide are simultaneously negative in the left-handed case and positive in the right-handed case. The magnetic field and surface current distributions in the waveguide confirm that the waveguide operates as can be expected. The influence of the control mechanism on the performance of the waveguide is studied. It is shown that the influence is so minor that it can be neglected.     

适用于隧道环境的二元相控阵天线系统

为了满足在隧道环境中实现高速率、高质量无线通信的迫切需求,研究了适用于隧道环境的高增益天线,提出了利用二元相控阵天线系统提高隧道内信号传输质量的新方法。相控阵天线系统由两个高增益天线单元及一个移相器组成,通过移相器调整其中一个天线单元的相位,使隧道内合成电场的最小值幅值达到最大,提升信号的平均场强。仿真结果表明:与单个天线发射信号相比,在3000 m隧道轴向传播范围内,相控阵天线系统发射信号合成电场的最低电平最少提升了19.6 dB;与两个天线同时发射信号相比,最低电平最少提升了12.4 dB,取得较好分集优化效果,消除多径效应导致的深度衰落,解决了隧道环境中存在的通信问题。     

单方环结构左手材料微带天线

设计了一种简单的双面单方环结构左手材料,在4.8–5.25 GHz频率范围内该材料的等效介电常数和等效磁导率同时为负.将此单方环左手材料作为覆盖层,置于中心工作频率为5.0 GHz的微带天线之上. 仿真和实验研究表明:相对普通微带天线而言,覆层微带天线的性能得到了明显改善, E面和H面的半功率波束宽度分别收缩了25°和20°,定向性得到了提高, 5 GHz处的增益提高了3 dB, -10 dB带宽增加了600 MHz. 关键词： 单方环结构 左手材料 微带天线     

一种新型的低散射微带天线阵设计

本文将电磁表面(electromagnetic surface, EMS)的设计思想引入到微带天线阵的设计中,在设计天线单元的同时,也将其作为EMS单元兼顾其反射特性.通过在矩形辐射贴片上开弧形缺口,得到一种新的单元结构,该单元可与原始EMS单元之间形成180°±30°有效相位差,且作为天线单元时与原始天线工作在相同谐振模式、相同频带.将两种单元以棋盘形式构成组合天线阵,在两个极化下分别基于相位对消原理和吸波原理实现了雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)减缩.实测与仿真结果表明:相较于等大小的金属板,在x极化波照射下,天线阵在5.6—6.0 GHz实现了6 dB以上的RCS减缩,相对带宽为10.1%;在y极化波照射下,天线阵在5.0—7.2 GHz实现了6 dB以上的RCS减缩,相对带宽为24%.同时由于两种单元在辐射上具有较好的一致性,使得组合天线阵的辐射性能得以保持.该方法有效解决了天线阵辐射和散射难以兼顾的矛盾,为其他形式的低散射天线阵的设计提供了新的方法与思路.     

A High-gain Wideband Antenna with Double Fabry-perot Cavities

A high-gain wideband antenna, using the electromagnetic resonances of double Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavities, is proposed. The two cavities are excited by a patch antenna placed in the cavities on top of the ground plane. One of the double F-P cavities is formed by a ground plane and a single metallic strips array, and the other consists of the patch and the metallic strips array. The two F-P cavities have different resonance points which yield the frequency bandwidth of 7% between 13.0 and 14 GHz with S₁₁ ≤ 10 dB, meanwhile, in this frequency region high gain is also obtained. Moreover, the center frequency and bandwidth could be adjusted by changing the cavity length. The high-gain wideband antenna was manufactured and measured. The measured VSWR is less than 2 from 13.3 GHz to 15.2 GHz, the measured gain is 13.5 dB at 13.5 GHz. In addition to that, a considerable improvement of 7 dB in terms of gain is obtained when compared to the same antenna without metallic strips.     

Performance analysis and comparison of MWCNT loaded ITO and TIO based optically transparent patch antennas for terahertz communications

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loaded transparent conducting oxide materials (TCOMs) based optically transparent antennas are designed to resonate at 750 GHz. TCOMs such as indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) and titanium-doped tin oxide (TIO) are used for designing the transparent terahertz patch antennas. Shorting pin technique is used to improve the impedance performances of the transparent antennas. The MWCNT is used for shorting the microstrip line with the ground plane of the antenna. By varying the position of short with respect to the antenna patch, the resonant frequency of the antennas are optimized to resonate at 750 GHz. The impedance and radiation performances of the MWCNT loaded transparent antennas are compared. A broad impedance bandwidth (−10 dB) is achieved for both the proposed antennas. The MWCNT shorting pin effect on radiation performances of the transparent antennas are discussed in detail. The antennas are simulated using finite element method (FEM) based electromagnetic solver, Ansys-HFSS.     

折射率渐变透镜的数值设计

传统折射率渐变透镜的设计要求初级馈源天线具有稳定的相位中心,这就限制了透镜的应用范围。为拓宽透镜的应用范围,提出了一种折射率渐变透镜的数值设计方法,通过对馈源天线的极化电场离散采样获得相位信息,并据此设计透镜,随后用金属短线结构的新型人工电磁材料来实现这种透镜。这种设计方法简单灵活,对馈源天线没有限制。以经典矩形贴片天线为例,比较了贴片天线和透镜天线的回波损耗和远场方向图,结果表明运用这种方法设计的透镜使贴片天线的增益提高了2 dB,口径效率从62%提高到了99%。     

Efficient Design of Directive Patch Antennas in Mobile Communications Using Metamaterials

An efficient approach for designing directive patch antennas using metamaterials is presented. Based on the left-handed-material (LHM) transmission line model, circuit elements L and C of the LHM equivalent circuit model are computed in terms of the prescribed desirable characteristics of directive patch antennas. Formulae to calculate the LHM design parameters from the circuit elements L and C are developed. Design examples for the GSM900 and GSM1800 frequency bands in mobile communications are performed to illustrate validation and efficiency of this design approach.     

基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线的宽角扫描线性相控阵列

设计并加工了两款基于宽波束磁电偶极子天线单元的宽角扫描线性阵列.首先,通过加载磁偶极子的方法拓展了天线单元的3-dB波束宽度.然后,基于该宽波束天线单元设计了两款具有良好宽角扫描特性的一维阵列天线.实测结果表明,天线单元的E面方向图3-dB波束宽度在9GHz—12 GHz均大于107°,H面方向图3-dB波束宽度在7GHz—12 GHz均大于178°.E面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9GHz—13 GHz小于2,相对阻抗带宽为36.36%.H面阵列中心单元的有源驻波比在9.6GHz—12.6 GHz小于2.5,相对阻抗带宽为27.03%.E面阵列在9GHz—12 GHz可实现±70°的有效宽角扫描.H面阵列在9GHz—GHz可实现±90°的有效宽角扫描.与传统的扫描阵列相比,设计的阵列可实现有效宽带宽角扫描,在X波段相控阵雷达方面具有广阔的应用前景.