稀土La微合金化纯铜组织性能研究

利用微合金化原理将稀土La添加到纯铜中,通过真空熔炼炉熔炼出不同稀土La含量的微合金化铜合金,探究不同稀土La含量对铸态纯铜组织及性能的影响。成分分析的结果表明,稀土La添加可以显著去除纯铜中Si、Pb等杂质元素,且在实验添加量范围内,稀土含量越高净化作用越明显;组织观测的结果表明,稀土La添加可以有效细化纯铜的晶粒,稀土含量越高晶粒越细小;力学性能测试的结果表明,稀土La添加可以显著提高纯铜的抗拉强度与硬度,但其延伸率随着稀土含量的增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势,且均低于原始纯铜。总的来看,La含量为0.089%的微合金化纯铜试样的综合性能最佳。     

多元稀土硼化物(La0.55Ba0.45)B6与(La0.4Eu0.6)B6阴极材料的研制

针对随电子束和离子束技术的飞速发展而对相关阴极材料有着更高电性能要求的情况，进行了多元稀土硼化物（La0.55Ba0．45）B6与（La0.4 Eu0.6）B6,阴极材料的研制。检测结果表明，（La0.55 Ba0．45）B6,与（La0.4 Eu0.6）B6,阴极材料的性能明显优于原单一稀土硼化物LaB6阴极材料。     

2-噻吩乙酸邻菲啰啉铕、铽配合物的合成表征及荧光性能研究

合成了以Eu3 ,Tb3 及Eu3 ,Tb3 掺杂RE3 (La3 ,Gd3 ,Y3 )为中心,以2-噻吩乙酸和1,10-邻菲啰啉为配体的两个系列8种同核与掺杂稀土固体配合物.对其进行了稀土及C、H和N元素分析、摩尔电导、热谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱的测定及荧光性能研究.确定了配合物的组成为REL3L′和RE0.5Ln0.5L3L′(RE=Eu,Tb;Ln=La,Gd,Y;L=2-噻吩乙酸;L′=1,10-邻菲啰啉,在常温下测定了它们的固态粉末荧光光谱,发现掺杂离子(La3 ,Gd3 ,T3 )使稀土Eu3 离子发光明显增强,讨论了掺杂稀土离子对铕、铽配合物的发光影响.     

不同体系中黄河沉积物对La3+的吸附特性

对比实验研究揭示,不同体系中La3 的吸附等温线类型差别较大,单离子体系中La3 的吸附属于典型的一级吸附模式,多离子体系中,La3 的吸附等温线呈不规则变化,用现有的等温吸附方程均不能较好拟合其等温吸附过程;不同体系中La3 的pH突跃区域无显著性差异;随温度的升高,单离子体系中,表层沉积物对La3 的吸附量增加,多离子体系中则降低;随着泥沙浓度、离子强度的增加和有机质的去除,表层沉积物对La3 的吸附量均降低,而且悬浮物对La3 的吸附量大于表层沉积物。     

轻稀土—铜二元合金系

在前人工作基础上并结合部分实验结果,概述了轻稀土(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd)和铜二元系相图的现状,同时对相应体系中金属间化合物的结构、晶脆参数和空间群进行了小结.     

稀土氧化物对钼-铋催化剂性能的影响

在异丁烯选择氧化制甲基丙烯醛的钼-铋催化剂中加入La2O3等八种稀土氧化物,并在固定床反应器中考查了反应温度、异丁烯浓度、原料气的流速和稀土氧化物的添加量对异丁烯转化率和生成甲基丙烯醛选择性的影响。实验表明,CeO2、Eu2O3及Tb4O7添加后,可明显提高异丁烯转化率和生成甲基丙烯醛的选择性。     

稀土精炼紫杂铜组织和性能的研究

采用自制的稀土中间合金,利用直读光谱仪、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学工作站,研究了稀土La,Ce对紫杂铜精炼前后的化学成分、微观组织、力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响,并探讨了稀土除杂的热力学机制与稀土精炼提高耐腐蚀性能的机制。实验结果表明,稀土La,Ce精炼后,紫杂铜中的Pb,Sn,S含量明显降低,Bi,Al等杂质含量也有不同程度的降低;加入0.15%稀土La,Ce精炼后,紫杂铜的铸态组织明显细化;稀土La,Ce与铜基体形成了球状的Cu6RE第二相粒子,弥散分布于铜基体中;适量稀土La精炼后,紫杂铜的力学性能有较大改善;加0.10%La和0.15%Ce精炼后的紫杂铜在3.5%的Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性能有较大改善,自腐蚀电流由精炼前的8.58μA·cm~(-2)分别下降到4.59和6.20μA·cm~(-2)。     

稀土铝合金制备方法的应用研究

本文叙述了稀土铝合金的制备方法,并运用这些方法分别制备出稀土铝合金。此外,对单一稀土化合物的铝热法还原制备稀土铝二元合金工艺进行了探索,成功地制备出La、Ce、Nd、Eu、Gd、Dy、Y 等铝的二元合金,获得了较高的稀土实收率。     

稀土离子与钙调素相互作用的研究进展

稀土离子由于配位环境与钙离子具有相似性,能够取代钙离子与钙调素发生作用,对钙调素的结构、构象及生物功能产生影响。各种光谱及生物化学实验研究表明,不同稀土离子与钙调素作用时,在作用力的强弱程度、结合位点、结合序及结合位点的相互作用具有各自的特殊性,本文概述了稀土离子La3+、Ce3+、Pr3+、Nd3+、Sm3+、Eu3+、Gd3+、Tb3+、Ho3+、Er3+和Lu3+等与钙调素的相互作用及对钙调素生物功能产生的影响。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镝铁电解粉尘中15种稀土元素

用硝酸和氢氟酸溶解试样,高氯酸冒烟除氟,在硝酸介质中用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了镝铁电解粉尘中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y 15种稀土元素。为了提高高含量元素的测定准确度,在测定基体元素Dy时,采用铟作内标;为了消除基体效应对稀土杂质元素测定的影响,采用基体匹配的校准曲线。镝铁电解粉尘中铁含量很低(铁的质量分数不超过1%),对测定没有影响。实验方法测定了一镝铁电解粉尘样品,结果表明,La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu和Y 14个稀土杂质元素测定值与ICP-MS的测定值基本一致,镝和14个稀土元素的合量与重量法测得的稀土总量吻合。     

Leaching of rare earth elements from contaminated soils using saponin and rhamnolipid bio-surfactant

The effective leaching of rare earth elements(La, Ce, Y and Eu) from simulated contaminated soil using bio-surfactant was investigated in a lab-scale column leaching experiment, where anionic biosurfactant rhamnolipid and non-ionic biosurfactant saponin were used as washing solutions. Soil properties and the rare earth element fractions were analysed to define the effect of leaching on soil and elemental speciation. Column leaching results showed that saponin solution was more effective than rhamnolipid in the removal of the four rare earth elements tested, with the accumulative removal efficiency of La, Ce, Y and Eu following flushing with 400 mL of 25 g/L saponin, reaching 35.258%, 26.072%, 31.476% and 30.849%, respectively. The change in REE speciation showed that REE removed from soils were mainly derived from the acid-soluble and residual fractions released when rhamnolipid solution was used as a leaching agent. However, for saponin leaching, removed REE amounts were derived from acid-soluble and reducible fractions. Complexation interactions were identified between saponin and REEs, according to infrared spectroscopy and ion exchange data, with saponin complexing with La, Ce, Y, and Eu at a complex ratio of 1:1.     

贵州赫章铜厂沟铜矿稀土元素地球化学特征及成矿物源示踪

通过对赫章铜矿化带的野外地质调查、采样、室内显微镜下分析、化学分析、扫描电镜、X衍射成分分析,研究了铜矿的矿物组成、矿石类型特征(初步划分为砂岩型铜矿石和蚀变构造角砾岩型铜矿石),矿石铜品位为3.26%～3.88%。采用ICP-MS方法测定了赫章铜矿两类型矿石、赋矿围岩及峨眉山玄武岩的稀土元素及微量元素组成,并进行了稀土特征值等的对比研究;LREE/HREE比值为9.43～11.12,La/Yb比值为11.86～14.6,显示出各样品轻稀土明显富集;δCe值为0.75～0.84,显示出负异常。除HTC-3的δEu=1.11、显示出很弱正异常外,其余样品的δEu=0.94～1.06,Eu仅显示非常微弱的异常。铜厂沟铜矿岩矿样品微量元素分布模式图表明其分布特征具有同源性。通过研究各样品的稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征、铜矿化蚀变过程中稀土元素的迁移规律及呈现继承性的特点,结合飞仙关组砂岩的形成环境,得出峨眉山玄武岩为铜矿成矿(矿化)的物质来源结论。     

含稀土元素镧的节镍铬锰氮不锈钢耐蚀性

 以加入不同含量稀土元素镧的节镍铬锰氮不锈钢为对象,采用交流阻抗和极化曲线分析技术,对节镍铬锰氮不锈钢在周浸腐蚀环境下的电化学行为进行了研究。通过试验结果分析得出：加入质量分数为0～0.014%镧元素,随着镧含量增加,基体的电极电位提高;在体积分数3.5%NaCl溶液中模拟海洋大气腐蚀的48天内,节镍铬锰氮不锈钢的耐蚀性随稀土镧含量增加,耐蚀性先增加后减小,含稀土镧质量分数为0.004 9%的节镍铬锰氮不锈钢的耐蚀性最好。     

Effects of rare earth oxides on dielectric properties of Y2Ti2O7 series ceramics

A series of Y2Ti2O7 microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state method. The effects of rare earth oxide (La2O3, CeO2, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3 and Dy2O3) and Nd2O3 doping content on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Y2Ti2O7 ceramics were investigated. The experimental results showed that the rare earth ions were considered to dissolve in Y-sites of the pyrochlore structure, different rare earth oxides and concentration had different influences on Y2Ti2O7 cerami...     

Alleviation Effects of Rare Earth on Cd Stress to Rape

Using rapes as test materials, the fastness expression and alleviation effect of rapes were studied under Cd stress condition, as the rapeseeds were dipped in the single element( La, Ce, Nd, Pr)and mixed rare earth (RE). The results indicate that, under Cd stress, the dry and fresh weight are increased by both the single element and mixed rare earth treatment, and the fastness of rape is improved. The single element of rare earth decreases the Cd content in rape roots and transmits Cd to the edible parts above the ground in which the alleviation effect of Ce is most significant. La treatment takes the second place, so that the poisonous effect of heavy metal Cd is eased. The mixed rare earth doesnt alleviate the assimilation of Cd in rape roots, but accelerates the transfer of Cd to the parts above the ground. The research puts forward that the alleviation of rare earth on Cd stress has connection with the decrease of Ca content.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Fluorescence Properties of Europium, Terbium Complexes with Biphenyl-4-Carboxylic Acid and o-Phenanthroline

Two series of solid complexes of europium and terbium with biphenyl 4-carboxylic acid and phen were synthesized and characterized in this report. Their elemental analysis, molar conductivities and TG-DTA studies indicate that the complexes have the composition of Eu(phen)L3·1/2H2O, Eu0.5RE0.5(phen)L3·1/2H2O; Tb(phen)L3·H2O and Tb0.5RE0.5(Phen)L3·1/2H2O. (RE=Y3 , La3 and Gd3 ; L=biphenyl 4-carboxylic acid; phen=o-Phenanthroline). The studies of their IR, UV 1H NMR and molar conductivities demonstrate that biphenyl 4-carboylic acid is bounded with RE(Ⅲ) ion. Rare earth ions coordinate with two nitrogen atoms of phen molecules directly in these rare earth complexes. The fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of the rare earth complexes show that the fluorescent intensity and lifetime of a series of europium complexes are longer than those of the series of terbium complexes as having the some ligands. There are better fluorescent intensity and lifetime of hetero-nuclear rare earth complexes than homo-nuclear rare earth complexes for europium complexes. The fluorescence emission intensity of Eu3 is raised by inert fluorescent rare earth ions (Y3 , Gd3 and La3 ), but in Tb3 hetero-nuclear rare earth complexes the intensity of Tb3 ions are quenched by the inert fluorescent rare earth ions.     

Geochemical Implication of Rare Earth Elements in Process of Soil Development

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铁液中稀土(La、Ce、Y)或Al脱氧产物的尺寸和分布

利用扫描电镜和图象分析仪了纯铁加稀土元素(La,Ce,Y）或Al脱氧后铁液中氧化物夹杂的形貌，颗粒大小及尺寸分布，并考察了脱氧素种类，孕育时间和冷却速度对夹杂物尺寸的影响，研究结果表明，铁液脱氧产物为烯土氧化物（或Al2O3）与氧化铁形成的复合型夹杂物。此类夹杂物呈细小弥散分布，适宜的孕育时间和较快的冷却速度可使夹杂物细化，在4种脱氧元素中，La细化夹杂物的效果最好。     

Analysis of Response Surface in the Study of RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-Kerosene Extraction System

RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-kerosene extraction system(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Y)was studied by the response surface technique.14 models for extracting single rare earth ele-ment in a broad range of acidity and initial rare earth concentration were obtained by using the stepwiseregression method.Three-dimensional display of the response surface of the model of extracting Er~(3 )wasshowed as an example,which reveals clearly the dependence of distribution ratio upon both initial acidity and ini-tial rare earth concentration.