卤虫应用研究的现状与前景

本文广泛地总结了卤虫在世界范围内应用研究所取得的进展,如盐田生物技术、水产养殖业、卤虫强化营养、卤虫加工利用等。阐明了卤虫最新研究动态及方向,指出需进一步研究的问题。     

卤虫生物多样性国际研讨会在北京召开

由中盐制盐工程技术研究院组织的《卤虫生物多样性》中国地区国际研讨会于 2 0 0 2年 9月 2 3日至 9月 2 7日在北京中盐饭店召开 ,来自十四个国家十五个研究机构的生物领域的专家参加了研讨会 ,世界水产协会主席索格洛斯教授主持了会议 ,中国盐业总公司林家骅副总经理在会上向各国专家介绍了中国盐业状况和未来发展前景。与会专家在会上宣读了 2 6篇论文 ,论文内容涉及全球卤虫种群品系的分布、世界的卤虫品系之间的遗传关系和遗传变异性、卤虫种群的起因、卤虫的自然产量和可采集总量等 ,此次研讨会对保护卤虫全球的生物多样性 ,使全球卤虫…     

新疆艾比湖卤虫资源丰富,质量上乘

艾比湖是一个咸水湖 ,目前湖面总面积在50 0ｋｍ2 左右。该湖拥有丰富的卤虫资源。经多方调查评估 ,艾比湖卤虫的瞬时资源平均为3 889.3 6ｔ,其上下活动范围在 3 91 .68ｔ～ 1 62 85.3 2ｔ。根据春季艾比湖卤虫幼体的密度、死亡数及其繁值力 ,计算得该湖卤虫孵的资源量为2 0 0ｔ～ 4 0 0ｔ。早在 1 986年 7月 ,原青岛海洋大学卡伯仲博士首次到新疆考察了艾比湖、巴里坤湖和乌鲁木齐达板城盐湖三个湖泊。通过分析对比 ,他认为艾比湖卤虫资源量最大 ,1 987年 ,中科院盐湖研究所郑喜玉等人也对艾比湖的卤虫进行了调查 ,认为艾比湖是卤虫资源的…     

北方卤虫开发调研报告

介绍北方三盐区在卤虫养殖、引进品系、虫卵加工、孵化等方面的２技术，结合我省实际，提出卤虫开发、科研的新构想。     

东营将建最大卤虫卵养殖基地

山东省东营市依托滩涂资源广阔、气候条件适宜等优势条件 ,大力开展卤虫养殖。目前 ,全区已建成和即将建成的卤虫养殖基地达 18万亩 ,今年可生产卤虫卵 2 0 0ｔ ,实现产值 4 0 0 0万元 ,利税 2 50 0余万元。计划到 2 0 0 2年 ,卤虫养殖面积扩大到 30万亩 ,年产卤虫卵 10 0 0余ｔ ,实现产值 2亿多元 ,利税 1.3亿元 ,成为全国最大的卤虫卵养殖出口基地。卤虫 ,又称丰年虫 ,是养育鱼虾必用的开口饵料 ,它的卵富含高蛋白 ,在国际市场上被称为“软黄金”。东营将建最大卤虫卵养殖基地…     

应用卤虫对餐前原料进行快速检毒的探讨

应用孵化好的Ⅱ—Ⅲ期元节卤虫,在含有毒物的溶液中泳动频率减慢的中毒特点进行餐前食物中检验是否含有化学毒物。并求出 DDV、乐果、氧化乐果、敌杀死、安眠酮、速可眠、As_2O_3、砷酸钠、亚砷酸钠、HgCl_2、Hg(NO_3)2、NaNO_2、KCN、NaCN 等十四种化学毒物能致使卤虫中毒的最低限值——中毒阈值。以此中毒阈值做为标准,衡量食物中是否有毒,进行了安全可靠性评价。认为在餐前检毒工作中,如果卤虫不发生中毒,那末食物中肯定不含有上述十四种化学毒物。而且讨论了,在无特殊情况下,如果应用卤虫检验餐前食物原料,卤虫不发生中毒,则该食物是十分安全可靠的,该方法即节时,又省力,对毒物的覆盖面宽,(可以弥补熟食品就餐前一一用检毒管检毒的不足及单一性)易于操作,优于经典化学分析方法,是否可做为对所有毒物进行检毒的初筛方法还有待于更充分的证实。     

四种西藏卤虫卵的生物学特性分析

文章对西藏的改则、双湖、尼玛和扬那蓬错等盐湖的卤虫,分别进行特性分析和营养分析.实验结果表明,这几个盐湖的卤虫在水合卵卵径、脱壳卵卵径等生物学测定值方面存在着差别,改则盐湖卤虫卵的卵径是目前世界上发现的最大卤虫卵,其卵径达358.78μm±18.24μm.4个盐湖的卤虫卵都含有较高的EPA(20:5ω3),其中改则地区的卤虫卵EPA含量最高,达46.64mg/g.我们还发现,改则和扬那蓬错两地的卤虫均含有少量的DHA(22:6ω3),分别为0.06mg/g和0.12mg/g.这在其它品系的卤虫卵中从未发现过.     

新疆艾比湖卤虫资源丰富

在新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州精河县城西北有个碱水湖,叫艾比湖,那里盛产卤虫,且孵化率高达９０％以上。据有关方面调查评估,艾比湖卤虫瞬时资源平均为３８８９．３６吨,活动范围为３９１．６８吨～１６２８５．３２吨。卤虫卵资源量,按春季卤虫幼体密度、死亡数和按繁殖计算为２００吨～４００吨。为使艾比湖卤虫的开发利用逐步走上依法管理的轨道,今年博州党委、政府将卤虫的开发利用作为新的经济增长点,列入重要议程。决定按照“坚决保护、积极建设、统一管理、适度规模、合理利用、产业化经营”的方针,对该湖的卤虫资源进行合理开…     

卤虫卵及卤虫中高级不饱和脂肪酸的分析方法

高级不饱和脂肪酸（ＨＵＦＡ）是评价卤虫卵及卤虫质量的重要指标之一。本文参照比利时根特大学卤虫参考中心提供的“卤虫及海产品中脂肪酸的分析方法”，利用ＨＰ５８９０Ａ气相色谱仪和ＳＰ（ＴＭ）—２３３０毛细柱，建立了一套适合于分析卤虫卵及卤虫中脂肪酸的分析方法。     

卤虫和卤虫卵采收设备的试验

文章介绍了我国目前在盐池中人工采收卤虫、卤虫卵的现状和特点，着重论述了用固定网具和移动式采收设备采收卤虫、卤虫卵的试验过程，以及采收工效与人工对比情况。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Content of selenium in fishes,caught in lakes in Buriatia

Study of selenium accumulation by fish of Buryatia shows relatively high accumulation level for the Baikal lake (213-513 mcg/kg) contrary to the lakes of Baunt and Selenginsk regions of the republic (84-227 mcg/kg). Selenium deficiency in Baunt region is also confirmed by low selenium levels in meat of native origin (39-95 mcg/kg). Among different tissues and organs the lowest selenium levels are typical for muscles, the value increasing in the row: muscle < skin < air bladder < scales < fin < liver < roe.     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。