基于二级修复的多方向加权均值滤波算法

针对目前算法不能有效去除高概率的椒盐噪声并保护图像边缘和细节特征的缺点,提出了一种基于二级修复的多方向加权均值滤波算法。在噪声检测阶段,首先利用一个方差参数判断当前像素点与其邻域像素点之间的灰度差异程度,再通过将方差参数和灰度极值相结合的方法检测出图像中的椒盐噪声点。在噪声修复阶段,提出一种二级修复方法来修复噪声点的灰度值。首先利用改进的自适应中值滤波器对椒盐噪声点进行第一级噪声修复;然后利用方差参数将第一级修复后的噪声点划分为两类,并采用不同的修复方法对这两类像素点进行第二级噪声修复,一类像素点采用均值滤波器进行再修复,另外一类像素点采用多方向加权均值滤波器进行再修复。数值实验结果表明,所提算法的滤波性能和边缘保护能力均优于当下很多先进的滤波器。     

A new cluster based adaptive fuzzy switching median filter for impulse noise removal

A new clustering technique based on most allied directional neighbors is proposed to suppress low and high-density impulse noise from digital images. Most allied neighbors exhibit a vital role in estimation as well restoration of appropriate gray level value of corrupted pixels. In first phase, most allied directional neighbors, i.e., pixels directly attached to central pixel and the directional pixels (horizontal, vertical and two diagonal directions) next to attached pixels in the processing window are partitioned into two equal size clusters based on gradient values. Cluster with a minimum sum of gradient values (most similar neighbors) and the one with relatively large gradient values are passed to fuzzy inference system to infer the current pixel to be noisy-free, edge or a noisy. In second phase, a switching technique opts one of the three options depending upon fuzzy membership degrees and local information to restore the corrupted pixel value. A non-parametric approach based on local information for dynamic threshold setting using fuzzy logic makes the proposed filter computationally effective and adaptive to process a large number of images without user-defined parameters. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement and simulation results based on well know quantitative measures indicate the supremacy of the proposed filter for random-valued impulse noise as well as salt and peppers noise.     

Image enhancement using deep-learning fully connected neural network mean filter

Improving the quality of a noisy image is important for image applications. Many novel schemes pay great efforts in the removal of impulse noise. Most of them restore noisy pixels only by using the neighboring noise-free pixels, but the relationship between a noisy image and its noise-free one, which denotes the clean image not corrupted by noise, is ignored. So the reconstruction quality cannot be further improved. In this study, we employ a deep-learning fully connected neural network (FCNN) to select top N candidates of neighboring un-corrupted pixels for the restoration of a center noisy pixel in an analysis window. Hence, the mean value of the gray levels of these top N pixels is computed and employed to replace the noisy pixel, yielding the noisy pixel being restored. The experimental results reveal that the proposed deep-learning FCNN mean filter can remove impulse noise effectively in corrupted images with different noise densities.

     

结合修剪均值与高斯加权中值滤波的图像去噪算法

为快速准确地滤除图像中的脉冲噪声并较好地保持图像的纹理细节和边缘结构,提出一种基于修剪均值与高斯加权中值滤波的图像去噪算法。根据脉冲噪声的灰度特征与统计特征,以局部统计方式进行噪声检测,将灰度取最小值或最大值且与邻域像素相关性较小的像素识别为噪声像素。对于图像平滑区域和细节区域中的噪声像素,使用自适应修剪均值和高斯加权中值滤波算法进行去噪处理。实验结果表明,该算法在视觉效果、峰值信噪比、结构相似性及计算速度上均优于对比算法,并且能够在彻底滤除噪声的同时,较好地保持图像的纹理细节和边缘结构。     

基于噪声检测的总变分去噪算法

对受高斯和脉冲混合噪声污染的数字图像去噪方法进行了研究,提出了一种基于噪声检测的自适应总变分(TV)去噪算法。提出的改进算法采用两步迭代框架实现:脉冲噪点检测和全变分图像恢复。第一步中,考虑到脉冲噪声污染的像素点不包含原图像有效信息,采用一种局部统计值,即邻域像素间的随机绝对差排序值(ROAD)估计出噪点的位置;第二步中,采用L2-TV方法进行去噪处理,并对上述过程进行迭代处理,得到去噪图像。在噪点估计过程中引入脉冲噪点水平参数,这样处理的优势在于可更准确地检测出脉冲噪点;而L2-TV去噪方法可很好地去除高斯噪声,两者结合有效地解决了TV算法存在误判图像脉冲噪声为边缘而产生假边缘的问题。与现有典型去噪方法的比较实验表明,该迭代去噪算法,即TV-ROAD算法,既能够去除混合噪声,又可以保留图像细节特征。     

Modified decision based two-phase unsymmetrical trimmed/winsorized mean filter for removal of very high density salt and pepper noise from images and videos

In this paper, a novel two-phase modified decision based unsymmetrical trimmed mean filter, for removal of very high density salt and pepper noise (SPN) from images and videos is proposed. The first phase comprises the use of an unsymmetrical trimmed mean filter when the processing window is fully noisy and contains both outliers (0 and 255). The second phase is applied to eradicate the residual noisy pixels by replacing the processing pixel conditionally either with mean or with unsymmetrical trimmed mean. A second version of the algorithm is also devised by just replacing the unsymmetrical trimmed mean with unsymmetrical Winsorized mean in the second phase. The efficacy of different algorithms are evaluated, upto 99% density of SPN against standard Grey scale images, color images and video databases, in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Image Enhancement Factor (IEF) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). It has been observed that the proposed algorithms exhibit excellent noise suppression capabilities by giving high value of PSNR, IEF and SSIM. The edge preserving capability of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by Pratt’s Figure of Merit (PFOM), quantitatively and qualitatively it has been proved that edge preservation capability of the proposed algorithms is best among the state-of-art-algorithms.

     

基于邻域信息的自适应中值滤波算法

针对图像中普遍存在的脉冲噪声,提出了一种自适应中值滤波算法,该算法在有效去除噪声的前提下能够保留更多的图像细节。首先,根据脉冲噪声灰度值为0或1的特点初步区分图像中的噪声点和信号点;其次,在每一个可疑噪声点周围取一定大小的邻域,通过判断该可疑噪声点与邻域内其他像素点之间相关性的大小进一步判断该点是否为真正噪声点,若为真正噪声点则利用邻域内所有可靠像素点的中值代替,否则输出原信号点。利用可见光及红外图像将所提算法与几种算法（如传统中值滤波算法、极值中值滤波算法,等）进行比较,实验结果表明该方法能够获得最高的峰值信噪比,去噪效果最佳。     

一种新的图像椒盐噪声的非线性滤波算法

为了在滤除椒盐噪声的同时能很好地保持图像的边缘细节,提出了一种新颖的图像椒盐噪声非线性滤波算法。利用局部统计信息,先将图像像素点分为信号点和可能的噪声点两类。然后将可能的噪声点进一步细分为边缘点、噪声点和信号点：利用方向信息、均方差来判断是否为边缘点,利用自适应阈值的方法来判断是否为噪声点,并且对边缘点和噪声点采取不同的方法进行滤波。经过仿真实验并与其它滤波算法进行比较表明,文中的算法具有更好的效果。     

基于加权检测的脉冲噪声新滤波器

在分析噪声检测与噪声滤波原理的基础上,提出了用于恢复被脉冲噪声污染的图像的去噪算法。该算法基于方向差异性将检测窗口分解为四个子窗口,并取子窗口的中间像素与相邻像素的灰度值之差的加权平均值与预先定义的阈值进行比较,较准确地区分噪声点和信号点;然后根据方向相关依赖性,采用一种边缘保持滤波方法来重构被噪声污染像素的灰度值。实验结果证明,该算法在提高图像信噪比的同时,可以更好地保持图像的细节信息。     

滤除椒盐噪声的开关核回归拟合算法

针对椒盐噪声的去噪和细节保护问题,提出一种基于核回归拟合的开关去噪算法。首先,通过高效脉冲检测器对图像中的椒盐噪声像素点进行精确检测;其次,将所检测到的噪声像素点当作缺失数据,应用核回归方法对以噪声像素点为中心的邻域内的非噪声像素点进行拟合,得到符合图像局部结构特征的核回归拟合曲面;最后,以噪声像素点的空间坐标对核回归拟合曲面进行重采样,获得噪声像素点恢复后的灰度值,从而实现椒盐噪声的滤除。与经典的中值滤波器（SMF）、自适应中值滤波器（AMF）、改进型的方向加权中值滤波器（MDWMF）、快速开关中均值滤波器（FSMMF）、图像修补（Ⅱ）等算法进行不同噪声密度的实验对比,所提算法的去噪结果图像的主观视觉质量均为最优;在低密度、中等密度以及高密度噪声场景下,所提算法对不同测试图像去噪结果的峰值信噪比（PSNR）分别平均提高了6.02dB、6.33dB和5.58dB,且平均绝对误差（MAE）分别平均降低了0.90、5.84和25.29。实验结果表明,所提算法不仅能够有效去除各种密度的椒盐噪声,同时具备良好的图像细节保护性能。     

Neuro fuzzy and punctual kriging based filter for image restoration

In this paper, we present a hybrid, image restoration approach. The proposed approach combines the geostatistical interpolation of punctual kriging, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and fuzzy logic based approaches. Images degraded with Gaussian white noise are restored by first utilizing fuzzy logic for selecting pixels that needs kriging. Three fuzzy systems are employed. Both type-I and type-II fuzzy sets in addition with neuro fuzzy classifier (NFC) have been used for the detection of noisy pixels. To avoid edge pixels, a post processing technique is used to check the edge pixel connectivity up to lag 5. If the pixel under consideration is an edge pixel, it is excluded from the fuzzy map and thus not estimated. The concept of punctual kriging is then used to estimate the intensity of a noisy pixel. ANN is employed to minimize the cost function of the kriging based pixel intensity estimation procedure. ANN, in contrast to analytical methodologies, avoids both matrix inversion failure and negative weights problems. Image restoration performance based comparison has been made against adaptive Weiner filter and existing fuzzy kriging approaches. Experimental results using 450 images are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Different image quality measures are used to compare the efficacy of the proposed NFC and fuzzy type-II approaches for detecting noisy pixels in conjunction with ANN and kriging based estimation.     

Intelligent noise detection and filtering using neuro-fuzzy system

In this paper, we propose a neuro-fuzzy based blind image restoration to remove impulse noise from low as well as highly corrupted images. Main components of the proposed technique include noise detection, histogram estimation and noise filtering process. Proposed technique constructs the fuzzy sets using fuzzy number construction algorithm. These fuzzy sets are used in noise filtering process to remove impulse noise from the noisy pixels using neuro-fuzzy inference system and fuzzy decider. Experimental results are based on global and local error measures, which prove that the proposed technique gives superior results than the present well known impulse noise filtering methods.     

用噪声检测算法改进理想低通滤波器

针对图像去噪算法存在滤除噪声与保留图像边缘细节之间的矛盾,提出了一种使用基于分数阶微分梯度的随机噪声检测算法来提高理想低通滤波器的去噪性能的方法。首先,使用不同方向的分数阶微分梯度模板与含噪声图像进行卷积,计算出图像在不同方向上的分数阶微分梯度;然后,依据预先设定的阈值获得不同方向的分数阶微分梯度检测图,将在所有选定方向上梯度都发生跳变的像素点判定为噪声点;最后,只对图像中被检测出的噪声点用理想低通滤波器进行滤波,可使图像在去除噪声和保留图像细节两方面同时获得较优的效果。实验结果表明,所提算法不仅可以获得更好的视觉效果,而且去噪后图像的峰值性噪比(PSNR)表明去噪后的图像更接近原始图像,使用理想低通滤波器获得的最大PSNR为29.0893dB,所提算法获得的最PSNR为34.7027dB。将分数阶微积分用于图像去噪,为提高图像去噪性能提供了一个新的研究方向。     

基于灰度密度和四方向的随机脉冲噪声检测

提高检测正确率的同时降低漏检率和错检率是脉冲噪声检测过程中的难点。提出了两阶段的检测方法,第一阶段,根据窗口中心点的灰度密度小于某阈值检测噪声,分5次迭代,对每次检测到的噪声进行中值滤波,滤波图像作为下一次检测的输入图像;第二阶段,用窗口4个方向检测噪声,并根据MAD值自适应设定阈值。以512×512的Lena和Boat为测试对象,添加10%至50%的随机脉冲噪声进行仿真实验,结果表明,随着噪声密度的增加,错检数都稳定在较低值,漏检数保持在理论上的低值。     

应用改进的弹簧质点模型进行图像滤波的算法

为了克服单一使用中值滤波方法去除脉冲噪声会造成图像细节信息丢失的缺陷,提出一种基于弹簧质点模型检测的迭代中值滤波算法.首先将被检测点作为中心点,其周围8个方向的像素点对该中心点的拉力组成一个平面内的弹簧质点模型,根据弹簧质点模型的稳定条件,即平面汇交力系的平衡原理来检测像素点是否为噪声点;然后通过迭代方法,只用信号点来修改噪声点的像素值.实验结果表明,与传统的滤波算法相比,文中算法可以更有效地去除图像中的脉冲噪声并且保留原图像的细节.     

A robust neuro-fuzzy network approach to impulse noise filtering for color images

Based on an integration of a simple impulse detector and a robust neuro-fuzzy (RNF) network, an effective impulse noise filter for color images is presented. It consists of two modes of operation, namely, training and testing (filtering). During training, the impulse detector is used to locate the noisy pixels in the color images for optimizing the RNF network. During testing, if a pixel is detected as a corrupted one according to the impulse detector, the trained RNF network will be triggered to output a new pixel to replace it. The proposed impulse noise filter is distinguished by two properties. The first is the use of a simple impulse detector, which is efficient and yet effective in detecting the noisy pixels in color images. The other is the use of a novel membership function in the design of the adaptive RNF network, making the network robust to impulse noise. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the proposed filter not only has the abilities of noise attenuation and details preservation but also possesses desirable robustness and adaptive capabilities. It outperforms other conventional multichannel filters.     

利用几何结构检测去除图像中的随机值脉冲噪声

尽管中值滤波以及各种改进方法是去除图像中随机值脉冲噪声的有效方法,然而,大多数去噪方法存在门限值选取困难和对图像边缘纹理结构过平滑的缺点。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于几何结构的用于检测和去除随机值脉冲噪声的新方法。该方法首先利用图像的直方图分布来估计脉冲噪声的噪声率;然后进一步基于噪声率和细节图像的直方图分布,自适应地确定两个分类门限;最后利用两个门限,将细节图像中的像素分成‘未被污染点’、‘待定点’和‘噪声点’。其中‘待定点’主要由边缘和纹理区像素和噪声像素构成,为区分其属性,还引入了几何结构检测方法。基于各像素点的类型,细节图像被用于修正中值滤波的结果。实验结果表明,该新方法在去除脉冲噪声的同时,还很好地保留了图像的边缘结构。与已有的方法相比,具有明显的优势。     

Edge preservation of impulse noise filtered images by improved anisotropic diffusion

This paper provides a robust scheme for random valued impulsive noise reduction along with edge preservation by anisotropic diffusion with improved diffusivity. The defective impulse noisy pixels are detected by Laplacian based second order pixel difference operation where these defective pixels are replaced by appropriate values with regard of the gray level of their four directional neighbors. This de-noised image undergoes the diffusion operation where diffusion coefficient function is modified to make it adaptive by incorporating local gray level variance information. The proposed modified diffusion scheme effectively restore the edges and fine details destroyed during impulse noise reduction process. The effect of proposed diffusion scheme has been studied on various images and the results are compared with some existing diffusion methods which are independently used for impulse noise reduction and edge preservation. The results shows that the prior removal of impulsive noise before the application of diffusion process is advantageous over the direct application of diffusion for removing the impulsive noise. In addition, the results of the proposed diffusion scheme are compared with some of the median filter based methods which are effectively used for impulse noise reduction without caring of edge preservation. The proposed diffusion scheme sufficiently preserves the edges without boosting of impulsive noise components on images corrupted up to 50 % of the impulsive noise density.     

基于非局部平均滤波的冲击噪声图像恢复算法*

针对随机值冲击噪声污染图像的恢复问题,研究了冲击噪声环境下的非局部平均滤波模型,并在模糊权重非局部平均滤波算法的基础上加以改进,解决了原算法在低噪声比率下恢复性能欠佳以及算法时耗过高的问题。改进之处如下：第一,提出了一种信赖度参数设置准则,并在该准则指导下设置了新的信赖度门限参数;第二,根据冲击噪声模型特点重新规划了滤波策略,提升了算法的运算效率。大量实验数据证明,所提算法无论在低噪声比率还是高噪声比率下均能有效去除冲击噪声,尤其对于纹理性较强的图像有显著的去噪效果。同时,所提算法拥有较高运算效率,实用性得以提高。     

椒盐噪声图像的非局部平均滤波算法

针对非局部平均(NLM)方法对椒盐噪声图像滤波效果较差的问题,通过引入噪声检测结果扩展NLM方法去除图像中椒盐噪声。在噪声检测阶段,利用图像的两个极值Lmin和Lmax把图像像素点分为非噪声点和噪声点。在滤波阶段,非噪声点的灰度值保持不变。对于噪声点,如果以该噪声点为中心的自适应滤波窗口内均为噪声点,则认为该噪声点位于图像自身灰度值为Lmin或Lmax的区域内,使用两个极值的统计结果进行恢复。否则,采用改进的NLM方法滤除噪声。构造联合噪声检测模板避免噪声点对相似权计算的干扰,噪声点的恢复值由非噪声点的灰度值加权平均得到。此外,采用迭代滤波策略对高密度噪声图像噪声点进行恢复。相关去噪实验结果证实了算法去噪的有效性,不足之处是算法的时间复杂度较高。