5-氯-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮的合成研究

以3-氯丙酰氯、氯苯、三氯化铝、浓硫酸为原料合成5-氯-2,3-二氢-1-茚酮,对影响反应的主要因素进行了研究,优化了条件,优化后的反应条件为:氯代酮合成:n(三氯化铝)∶n(氯苯)∶n(3-氯丙酰氯)=1.1∶4∶1,滴加温度为5℃,滴加时间2h,保温温度60℃,保温时间3h;5-氯茚酮合成:搅拌速度小于100r/min,n(H2SO4)∶n(氯代酮)=36.8∶1,滴加时间4h,溶剂为石油醚(90-120℃)。此工艺原料价廉易得,产品纯度高,总收率达50.6%,产品纯度达98%。     

新型香料α-呋喃甲醇丙酸酯的合成

以α-呋喃甲醇和丙酰氯为原料,以六氢吡啶为催化剂,无水碳酸氢钠为缚酸剂合成了α-呋喃甲醇丙酸酯。经正交试验得出优化的反应条件为：n(呋喃甲醇)：n(丙酰氯)=1．0：1．4;n(六氢吡啶)：n(NaHCO3)：n(呋喃甲醇)=0．08：1．5：1．0;溶剂的用量为60ml(以呋喃甲醇0．1mol计),在此条件下合成的α-呋喃甲醇丙酸酯的收率为83．6％,产品的质量分数为99．9％。     

2,5-二氧-1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯合成工艺研究

采用过量的丁二酸二甲酯作为反应溶剂 ,以甲醇钠与丁二酸二甲酯合成 2 ,5 二氧 1,4 环己烷二甲酸二甲酯的合成工艺 ,研究了原料配比、反应温度及反应时间对产品收率的影响。在n(丁二酸二甲酯 )∶n(甲醇钠 ) =4 3∶1 0、反应温度 10 0℃及回流反应时间 2 5～ 30min的最佳合成工艺条件下 ,得到质量分数为 97 5 %的 2 ,5 二氧 1,4 环己烷二甲酸二甲酯 ,以甲醇钠计其收率为 88 1%。     

4-(2-乙氧基-2-氧-乙氧基)-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的合成研究

以4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(1)和2-溴乙酸乙酯(2)为原料,合成了未见文献报道的4-(2-乙氧基-2-氧-乙氧基)-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(3),考察了反应条件对收率的影响,确定了优惠合成工艺条件:反应温度50℃,反应时间4h,物料比n(1)∶n(2)∶n(K2CO3)=1∶1.2∶1.5,相对于原料1,溶剂二甲基甲酰胺用量为1000mL/mol。产品的收率96.9%,含量98.9%,产品结构经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振确证。     

1-(4-溴苯基)丙烯酮的新方法合成

摘要：以溴苯为起始原料,经酰化、消去反应得到纯度95%以上的精细化工中间体1-(4-溴苯基)丙烯酮,目标化合物经1HNMR、IR及GC-MS表征。探讨了酰化及消去反应的最佳反应条件。条件实验表明,当n(3-氯丙酰氯):n(溴苯):n(三氯化铝)=1.3:1:1.5,反应温度20～25 ℃时,酰化反应效果最佳;当以醋酸钾做碱,n[4-(3-氯丙酰基)溴苯]:n(醋酸钾)=1:1.5,反应温度20～25 ℃时,消去反应效果最佳。     

1-溴-2-甲基萘的合成研究

以2-甲基萘为原料,在甲醇为溶剂的条件下,以双氧水-氢溴酸为溴化剂,制备出了高纯度的1-溴-2-甲基萘,考察了反应条件对产品收率影响。优化反应条件为:n(2-甲基萘):n(氢溴酸):n(双氧水)=1:1.6:1.6,反应温度控制在0~5℃,此条件下产品收率达到94%,产品结构经过MS和1HNMR确认。     

2-溴-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯的合成工艺研究

以2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯(NSIZ)为原料、采用溴化铜为催化剂及溴代剂通过重氮化法合成了2-溴-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯(BSJZ)。确定了反应的优化条件为:反应温度0~5℃,反应时间40 min,物料比n(NSJZ)∶n(H3PO4)∶n(HNO3)∶n(Na NO2)∶n(Cu Br2)=1.0∶8.0∶8.0∶1.3∶2.5。优化条件下产品纯度为99.5%,收率达84.7%。     

2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯的合成研究

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,经历氯化、环合得到2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯。优化工艺条件为:n(3-氯代乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(硫脲)=1.0∶1.5,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为3 h。优化条件下产品纯度99%,收率80.5%,产品结构经核磁表征确证。     

二缩三乙二醇双β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-丙酸酯的合成

以3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-丙酸甲酯(Ky250)和二缩三乙二醇(TEG)为原料,有机锡为催化剂,采用酯交换法合成了抗氧剂二缩三乙二醇双β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-丙酸酯(抗氧剂245)。考察了物料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量及反应时间等因素对收率的影响。结果表明,较佳的反应条件为:n(Ky250):n(TEG):n(有机锡)=2.1:1:0.004,反应温度185℃,反应时间6 h。在此条件下,产品收率86%以上,产品含量大于99%,采用FTIR对产品结构进行了表征。     

N,N-二乙基-3,7-二甲基-(Z)-2,6-辛二烯-1-胺的合成研究

以异戊二烯(IP)和二乙胺(DEA)为原料,在正丁基锂催化下合成了N,N-二乙基-3,7-二甲基-(Z)-2,6-辛二烯-1-胺(NDEA)。利用气谱分析NDEA,考察了不同因素对合成NDEA的影响,确定了较优的工艺条件:原料配比n(IP)∶n(DEA)=4.5∶1.0,n(n-BuLi)∶n(IP)=2∶3,反应温度为环己烷的回流温度,反应时间为13 h。产品收率>55%(n/n),经减压分馏后产品纯度>97%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.