上海市浦东新区青少年错He畸形调查分析

目的 了解上海市浦东新区生长发育期青少年错Ｈｅ畸形的患病情况,重点了解牙列拥挤、前牙深覆合覆盖和前牙反Ｈｅ的患病率。方法 按Ａｎｇｌｅ分类法进行分类,以个别正常Ｈｅ和错Ｈｅ分类为标准。结果 错Ｈｅ畸形的患病率替牙期为４４．０２％,恒牙期为４８．７８％。牙列拥挤、前牙深覆合覆盖和前牙反Ｈｅ的患病率替牙期分别为２２．７４％、１７．１８％和４．４４％;恒牙期分别为３２．３６％、１１．０６％和４．０７％。     

聋哑青少年错镕畸形调查分析

本文调查了南京市聋哑学校334名替牙期、恒牙期聋哑青少年儿童错(牙合)畸形患病情况,患病率91.62％,男女性别间差异无显著性意义,恒牙期患病率91.8％,明显高于替牙期81.74％(p<0.01),并用安氏、毛氏、个别牙错位分类法进行分类。分析了错(牙合)畸形与聋哑症的关系,错(牙合)畸形患病率恒牙期高于替牙期的原因、毛氏Ⅰ~1、Ⅱ~4、Ⅳ~1患病率与年龄的关系及前牙深覆(牙合),深覆盖与后牙(牙合)关系的关系。     

上海市4500名小学生替牙期错牙合畸形调查分析

目的调查上海市替牙期小学生错牙合畸形患病率及类型,为早期矫治提供科学依据。方法对7~11岁小学生随机抽样调查,按Angle错牙合分类法进行统计。结果受检小学生中错牙合畸形患病率为48.67%,男女有统计学差异。错牙合类型以AngleⅡ类最多,占50.23%。在各种错牙合畸形类型中,较为明显的是深覆盖、深覆牙合、轻度拥挤和反牙合,发生率分别是63.93%、58.90%、38.36%和18.69%。结论上海市替牙期小学生错牙合畸形患病率较高,错牙合类型构成比及主要类型发生变化,应加大力度普及错牙合畸形早期防治知识,有针对性地进行早期矫治。     

改良式Twin-Block矫治器矫治下颌后缩9例报告

下颌后缩是安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)中较常见的畸形类型,主要表现为前牙深覆(牙合)深覆盖,作者在临床上应用改良式Twin—Block矫治器矫治替牙期及恒牙初期的下颌后缩,取得较好的效果,报告如下。     

恒牙期前牙Ⅲ度深覆盖深覆牙合的拔牙疗效评价

目的 观察伴有上颌骨前突或牙列拥挤的恒牙期前牙Ⅲ度深覆盖深覆牙合方丝弓拔牙矫治的疗效.方法 对12例伴有上颌骨前突或牙列拥挤的恒牙期前牙Ⅲ度深覆盖深覆牙合患者,采用方丝弓技术进行矫治,均拔除4个第一前磨牙,部分患者加戴平面导板以解除深覆牙合,治疗前后对所有患者进行头影测量及模型分析.结果 12例患者治疗后覆盖覆牙合均达到正常,SNA减小1.6°,NP-FH增加1.5°,差异有显著性,NA-PA平均减少4.4°,ANB减小1.8°,差异有高度显著性.下颌Spee曲线与上颌补偿曲线明显整平.结论 本法矫治效果良好,深覆牙合的矫治是获得良好支抗控制的前提.     

改良Twin - Block矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ2类错殆(牙合)的临床观察

目的 研究改良Twin - Block矫治器对生长发育期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错(牙合)的矫治作用.方法选择27例替牙期或恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错(牙合)患者,应用改良Twin - Block矫治器进行矫治,通过测量治疗前后X线头颅定位侧位片,进行统计学分析.结果 矫治后磨牙调整为中性关系或轻度近中关系;前牙覆(牙合)覆盖正常;上下颌关系及软组织侧貌协调.结论 改良Twin - Block矫治器治疗早期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错(牙合)畸形疗效显著,能促进下颌生长,改善下颌后缩.     

“2×4”矫治技术在替牙期错畸形的应用

“2× 4”矫治技术以其特有的悬梁结构产生的独特的力学特征 ,为替牙期的错牙合畸形提供了简单、有效的治疗方法 ,笔者利用“2× 4”矫治技术对几种替牙期错牙合畸形的治疗 ,取得了满意的效果。1 材料　本组 2 1例病例中 ,男 9例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 7～10 .5岁 ,平均年龄 9.2岁 ,均处于替牙期。其中 :⑴前牙反牙合8例 ,反覆牙合覆盖不超过 2ｍｍ ,下颌可以退至对刃关系 ;⑵上中切牙间多生牙至前牙拥挤、异常覆牙合覆盖 5例 ;⑶前牙拥挤、侧切牙舌侧错位导致下颌后缩 4例 ;⑷内倾性深覆牙合导致下颌后缩 4例。2 方法(1)取模 ,拍全颌曲面断层片 …     

儿童牙齿发育异常Ⅲ.第一恒磨牙异位萌出的早期临床处理

乳牙列期牙列相对比较稳定,在这一时期出现的错(牙合)畸形相对较少.与乳牙列期相比,混合牙列期牙列的变化巨大,除了牙齿替换出现的生理性错(牙合)畸形(如恒前牙拥挤、上前牙牙轴外倾、前牙覆(牙合)和覆盖变化)外,还有许多因牙齿发育异常导致的错(牙合)畸形,如上前牙区额外牙(多生牙)导致的前牙拥挤和排列异常、牙齿异位萌出导致的错(牙合)畸形等.当混合牙列出现这些发育异常时,在适宜的时机进行正确处理十分关键,可以避免或减轻恒牙列错(牙合)畸形的发生.     

无锡市青少年错及牙周疾病情况调查分析

对无锡市４１２４名青少年进行错及牙周疾病情况调查，结果表明错患病率为４２．６８％，牙周疾病患病率为５４．７８％。错者的牙周疾病患病率明显高于正常者，两者间差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。错的临床表现以牙列拥挤最为多见，而牙列拥挤者的牙周疾病患病率最高，为９０．１６％。提示牙列拥挤是牙周疾病形成的客观条件，而对牙列拥挤的矫正治疗是恒牙期错矫治的主要工作     

改良Twin-Block矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ~2类错的临床观察

目的研究改良Twin-Block矫治器对生长发育期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错的矫治作用。方法选择27例替牙期或恒牙早期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错患者,应用改良Twin-Block矫治器进行矫治,通过测量治疗前后X线头颅定位侧位片,进行统计学分析。结果矫治后磨牙调整为中性关系或轻度近中关系;前牙覆覆盖正常;上下颌关系及软组织侧貌协调。结论改良Twin-Block矫治器治疗早期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错畸形疗效显著,能促进下颌生长,改善下颌后缩。     

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and occlusion in the mixed and permanent dentition

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between occlusal factors: Angle classification, overbite, overjet, openbite, anterior and posterior crossbite, scissors bite or buccal crossbite and lateral openbite--and the presence of mandibular dysfunction in a sample of 359 Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition. Z Test was used to compare the results. It was found that, Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition and openbite, overbite = 0, overjet = 0, anterior-posterior crossbite in the mixed dentition were related with TMD.     

安氏Ⅰ类错畸形的临床分析

目的探讨安氏Ⅰ类错畸形所包含的各种错畸形。方法选择267例恒牙列安氏Ⅰ类错畸形患者,根据临床特征并结合X线头影测量,分析各种错畸形的构成比。结果①矢状向:Ⅰ类骨面型202例(75.66%),Ⅱ类骨面型45例(16.85%),其中上颌前突16例,下颌后缩30例,上颌前突合并下颌后缩1例,Ⅲ类骨面型20例(7.49%)。②垂直向:正常型99例(37.08%),高角型153例(57.30%),低角型15例(5.62%)。③安氏Ⅰ类错畸形的构成情况:牙列拥挤245例,(91.76%),牙间隙21例(7.87%),双颌前突12例(4.49%),前牙反43例(6.10%),前牙深覆盖105例(39.33%),前牙深覆110例(41.20%),其中闭锁型深覆4例,后牙反14例(5.24%),后牙正锁6例(2.25%),个别牙错位2例(0.75%),前牙及双尖牙开5例(1.87%)。结论安氏Ⅰ类错畸形临床表现多样,安氏分类法对错畸形特征的概括太笼统。     

Prevalence of Defined Symptoms of Malocclusion among Probands Enrolled in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) in the Age Group from 20 to 49 Years

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: SHIP is a complexly structured, population-based cross-sectional study of adults in the German region of Pomerania (age group covered: 20-79 years). Findings in a population subgroup (age group 20-49 years; n = 1777; 53.1% women; 46.9% men) were subjected to orthodontic evaluation. Graduated registration of anterior crowding, overjet, frontal overbite and sagittal intermaxillary relationship of the posterior teeth; registration of ectopic canines, posterior crowding, anterior and posterior crossbite, negative overjet, retroclination of the upper incisors, buccal nonocclusion, and lateral open bite. The prevalence of almost regular dentition and of symptoms of malocclusion as well as the frequency of orthodontic treatment (subjective patient data) undergone by men and women were recorded. The correlation between the registered symptoms of malocclusion was calculated. RESULTS: 92.2% of the subjects had symptoms of malocclusion varying in number and severity. An anatomically correct dentition was found in only 7.8% of cases, and an "almost regular dentition" (inclusion criteria defined) in 14.2%. 32.8% of the subjects had severe malocclusion (inclusion criteria defined). The most frequent symptoms were anterior crowding, increased overjet, and distoclusion. These symptoms were significantly more frequent in women, while spacing and edge-to-edge bite, excessive overbite and mesioclusion were more frequent in men. 26.7% of the probands (28.0% women, 25.3% men) reported having received orthodontic treatment. The prevalence of craniofacial malformations (cleft lip and palate, syndromes) was 0.09% in women and 0.2% in men. Increased overjet was most frequently correlated with other symptoms of malocclusion.     

昆明市乳牙列错畸形发病率的调查研究

目的 了解云南省昆明市市区乳牙列错情况,为乳牙期错畸形的预防性和阻断性矫治提供依据.方法 对昆明市市区3所幼儿园的乳牙全萌出且达到接触的2 116名乳牙列儿童进行调查,计算其错畸形发病率.结果 在2116名乳牙列儿童中,错1 516名,错率72％.排列在错前6位的依次是:深覆、牙列拥挤、前牙反、切、乳牙早失、开.结论 昆明市市区乳牙列错率的数据报告显示其发病率较高,需加强乳牙列错畸形的防治.     

Occlusal characteristics during different emergence stages of the permanent dentition in Tanzanian Bantu and finnish children

Occlusal characteristics and anomalies were studied among 869 (428 boys, 441 girls) Tanzanian Bantu children aged 3.5-16 years and 706 (319 boys, 387 girls) Finnish children aged 5-11 years during different emergence stages of the permanent dentition. Various occlusal variables were registered according to described criteria. Multiple linear regression, ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square and logistic regression models were used to test for various statistically significant differences between different subgroups. Significant differences between Tanzanians and Finns were found for malocclusion, neutral and distal molar occlusion, mean values for overjet and overbite, overjet greater than 5 mm, deep bite and anterior open bite (all P < 0.0001). The most prevalent anomalies among Tanzanians were anterior open bite (7-19 per cent), increased overjet (3-19 per cent) and distal molar occlusion (3-16 per cent). For the Finns, distal molar occlusion (18-38 per cent) was the most prevalent anomaly, followed by deep bite (4-22 per cent) and increased overjet (4-40 per cent). An anterior crossbite was rare and equally distributed among the two ethnic groups. Girls had a larger mean value for overbite (P = 0.003) and more often a deep bite (P < 0.01) than boys. Mandibular incisor crowding among children with neutral occlusion (Class I malocclusion) occurred significantly more often among Finnish than Tanzanian children. In conclusion, various developmental changes in occlusion were observed leading to variation in occlusal characteristics and anomalies according to the emergence stages of the permanent dentition. Most of the classic malocclusions occur among Tanzanian children, but the prevalence differs from that in other parts of the world.     

Need for interceptive intervention for malocclusion in 6-year-old Finnish children

Abstract The need for interceptive intervention for malocclusion was studied in a sample of 839 Finnish children aged 6 years. The children had participated in an organized preventive orthodontic program, and nearly 10% of them had received preventive or interceptive orthodontic treatment at the age of 3-5 years (stage I of the preventive orthodontic program of the author). Orthodontic intervention was estimated to be needed for 5.9% of the children due to crossbite of the permanent central incisors, to crossbite or scissors-bite of the permanent first molars, to ectopic eruption of the permanent first molars, to numerical variation of the permanent incisors, or to functional open bite. The need for further inspection in order to follow-up development of the dentition was noted in 2.7% of the children. The indications occasioning this consideration were initial severe crowding, extreme incisal overjet, and early loss of the primary mandibular canines. The relatively low prevalence rates seemed to indicate advantageous results of the preventive and interceptive orthodontic measures.     

Meeting Reports

Abstract

This article describes treatment of a patient presenting with a class II malocclusion, maxillary and mandibular crowding, posterior crossbite and an increased deep bite, where the specific treatment goals were achieved in the early mixed dentition by only working on the primary teeth. A Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance was modified to be anchored on the primary second molars and canines and activated once a day, with each activation equal to 0.20 mm. The appliance was blocked after 30 days and left as a retainer. After 6 months, the RME appliance was removed and bands were cemented to the primary second molars in order to apply traction with headgear. After complete eruption of the mandibular central and lateral incisors, sequential slicing of the lower primary teeth was performed to transfer the leeway space from the distal to the mesial part of the arch. When the patient had entered the permanent dentition, a dental class I relationship was achieved, the crossbite corrected and the crowding improved. The overjet and overbite were also improved. No permanent teeth were involved during this phase of treatment. The outcome of this case report shows that it is possible to work only on primary teeth in the mixed dentition and this can be an effective way to correct a class II malocclusion with deep bite, posterior crossbite and maxillary and mandibular crowding.     

The relationship between occlusal factors and bruxism in permanent and mixed dentition in Turkish children

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occlusal factors (overjet, overbite, Angle's Classification of molars and cuspids, the relationship of the primary molars, openbite, lateral openbite, scissorbite and crossbite) and bruxism in permanent and mixed dentition in Turkish children. For this reason 182 children with mixed dentition and 212 children with permanent dentition were included in this study. Occlusal conditions were examined clinically and bruxism was assessed by using interview and questionnaires. Z Test was used to compare the results. It was found that in both dentitions some occlusal factors related with bruxism (overjet > 6 mm, overbite > 5 mm, negative overjet, openbite in permanent dentition; overjet > 6 mm, overbite > 5 mm, scissorbite, anterior-posterior multiple teeth crossbite, Angle Class I occlusion in mixed dentition.     

青岛市崂山区8~9岁儿童错畸形调查分析

目的 调查青岛市崂山区替牙期儿童错畸形的发病率及其与龋病的关系,为早期矫治提供科学依据。方法 参照WHO推荐的《口腔健康检查基本方法》中的方法与标准,并使用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 1803名小学生中,错畸形1322例,总发病率为73.32%。安氏Ⅰ类错畸形519例（39.26%）,安氏Ⅱ类错畸形374例（28.29%）,安氏Ⅲ类错畸形357例（27.00%）,不对称畸形72例（5.45%）。在各类错畸形中,常见的临床表现包括深覆、深覆盖、轻度拥挤、反,分别占错畸形人数的37.67%、29.19%、16.94%和16.03%,总发病率为73.32%。患龋病1158例,总患病率为64.23%。其中,男625例（34.66%）,女532例（29.51%）。结论 青岛市崂山区8~9岁儿童错畸形的发病率偏高,错畸形的发生和龋病关系密切。