昆明地区冬季空调不加湿对室内空气参数的影响

基于质量守恒方程,导出了冬季空调不加湿时室内空气含湿量的计算公式,综合考虑影响含湿量的主要因素,得出冬季空调不加湿时应满足的条件,并考察了昆明地区具有代表性空调房间冬季空调不加湿时室内相对湿度是否满足设计要求。结果表明:在昆明地区冬季空调不加湿时,商场的相对湿度高于设计要求,需要除湿;酒店多功能厅及餐厅空调系统不加湿亦可达到设计要求;而影剧院、酒店客房的相对湿度低于设计要求,空调系统必须加湿。     

夏热冬冷地区冬季供暖方式的选择

对夏热冬冷地区非供暖居住建筑冬季室内环境参数进行了实测，结果表明这类建筑冬季室内约80％的时间达不到人体健康要求的最低温度，明显具有不同于集中供暖地区建筑的室内热环境特征，且房间气密性和朝向对室内温度影响较小。分析了不同气密性房间供暖能耗的构成和不同供暖方式的节能效果，指出房间气密性是夏热冬冷地区选择供暖方式和设备的主要依据。     

某公共建筑外围护结构节能潜力分析

以夏热冬冷地区某酒店为例,对建筑全年的空调动态负荷及能耗进行了计算分析。给出了采用几种不同方案时建筑及房间的负荷和能耗计算结果,分析了夏热冬冷地区宾馆类公共建筑外围护结构的节能潜力。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑暖通空调季节转换与节能设计

介绍了夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准的修编背景,归纳总结了夏热冬冷地区居住建筑的居住模式。结合夏热冬冷地区东、西区城市室外空气热湿状态变化的分析,详细探讨了夏热冬冷地区居住建筑暖通空调季节的通风、除湿、空调和供暖运行调节。从运行调节思考暖通空调节能设计,总结了不同季节暖通空调节能设计的要点。     

夏热冬冷地区民用住宅空气调节方案优选

本文通过对夏热冬冷地区民用住宅全年空气调节现状及人群满意度的调查发现,该地区民用住宅全年室内空调采暖方式较多且以消耗高品位电能为主,且并不能完全满足室内人员热舒适度要求。本文对该地区某典型民用建筑夏季空调和冬季采暖方案进行了多方案比较、热舒适模拟和实测结果对比分析,甄选适用于夏热冬冷地区全年热舒适,节能、环保的空气调节方案。通过对比分析得出:在保证室内热舒适性较好,且系统方案全寿命周期成本相对较低的情况下,夏热冬冷地区民用住宅夏季空调宜采用分体式风冷热泵,冬季宜采用燃气壁挂炉+散热器的导流采暖方式。     

玻璃幕墙和外门窗的建筑节能技术

一、热工气候区划与建筑围护结构要求 在我国,热工气候区被划分为五个,即严寒地区、寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区、夏热冬暖地区和温和地区.严寒地区,建筑必须充分满足冬季保温要求,一般不考虑夏季防热;寒冷地区,建筑应满足冬季保温要求,部分地区应兼顾夏季防热;夏热冬冷地区,建筑必须满足夏季防热要求,适当兼顾冬季保温;夏热冬暖地区,必须满足夏季防热要求,一般可不考虑冬季保温,温和地区,部分地区建筑应考虑冬季保温,一般可不考虑夏季防热.     

对夏热冬冷地区暖通空调气候特点的再认识

夏热冬冷地区作为建筑热工设计的气候分区,主要着眼于室外空气干球温度,不能作为暖通空调系统设计的气候分区。根据GB 50736—2012《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》中规定的室内热舒适等级标准,利用焓湿图将室外空气状态划分为9个区。对夏热冬冷地区9个代表城市的全年室外空气热湿状态在焓湿图上9个区内的分布时数进行了统计分析,并分析了各代表城市室外空气热湿状态的年变化过程,初步得到了夏热冬冷地区全年的季节构成与划分。进一步分析了东西气候差异,为了更有针对性地研发和应用建筑热环境控制技术及提高能效,宜将夏热冬冷地区划分为东、西2个暖通空调气候区,东区为平原气候区,西区为山地气候区。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准室内热湿环境指标对比研究

我国建筑节能标准化经过近40年的发展,建筑节能设计标准体系已初步形成。随着我国经济发展和人民生活水平的提高,人民对于热湿环境的需求标准也越来越高,尤其是夏热冬冷地区冬季采暖的需求。因此,有必要制定更加科学有效的居住建筑节能设计标准,因地制宜规定室内热湿环境设计指标,以满足人民日益提高的热湿环境需求和建筑节能要求。本文聚焦室内热湿环境设计指标,对夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计行业标准和地方标准进行了系统的对比分析。行业标准和地方标准均以PMV-PPD为理论依据,确定室内热湿环境指标限值。大多数地方标准与行业标准JGJ134—2010对室内热湿环境指标的规定保持一致,少数地方标准中考虑得更细致具体。本文讨论了国内外热湿环境相关标准以及室内热湿环境研究成果,对今后制修订夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能相关标准提出了相应建议。     

夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅室内空调设计温度探讨

计算上海地区某被动式住宅客厅及卧室在冬夏不同室内空调设计温度下室内环境PMV值的分布范围,得出适宜于夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的室内空调设计温度。结果显示,被动式住宅夏季室内空调设计温度不宜高于26℃,不宜低于23℃,以24～25℃为最优。当冬季室内空调设计温度不低于19℃时,即可满足被动式住宅室内环境人体热舒适的需求,考虑建筑节能等方面因素,以20℃为宜。     

夏热冬冷地区被动式居住建筑夏季空调系统形式研究

被动式居住建筑在我国夏热冬冷地区目前已逐步开展试点工程,该技术体系如何适应该地区夏季高温气候条件,是亟待解决的一个问题。通过模拟、实验和理论计算相结合的方法,对德国标准和研究初步得出的夏热冬冷地区标准被动式居住建筑在该地区夏季的热湿负荷特性和空调系统形式进行了分析。结果显示,被动式居住建筑良好的围护结构条件可以显著降低严酷气候条件下的峰值负荷以简化空调系统形式。在90%的负荷保障率条件下,各房间新风送风温度维持在15~17℃,含湿量维持在10.7~10.9g/kg,独立新风系统可以满足该送风参数要求,从而承担全部室内热湿负荷。同时也应考虑结露问题和新风分室控制方式。     

读城市综合体有感

城市综合体是将城市中的商业、办公、居住、酒店、展览、餐饮、会议、文娱和交通等城市生活空间的三项以上进行组合,并在各部分间建立一种相互依存、相互助益的能动关系,形成一个多功能、高效率、多元复杂而统一的建筑群落,从而获得良好的经验效益、社会效益及生态效益。     

某宝龙城市广场消防系统设计

某城市广场功能有车库、小商铺、精品店、超市、餐饮、娱乐、电影院及SOHO办公等,且体量大,消防系统复杂,对大空间、消防隔断保护、喷头布置等消防设计有许多特殊性.本文着重介绍了智能型主动灭火系统和窗玻璃保护喷琳系统,对智能型主动灭火系统的优点进行了介绍,同时介绍窗玻璃保护喷淋系统设计水量的确定,喷头的性能与安装要求等.     

富华金宝中心空调设计

采用二次泵变频空调水系统,写字楼和五星级酒店采用四管制系统,商务酒店采用两管制系统。写字楼内、外分区,冬季内区风机盘管利用冷却塔供冷。     

Analysis of annual heating and cooling energy requirements for office buildings in different climates in Turkey

A great amount of world energy demand is connected to the built environment. Electricity use in the commercial buildings, accounts for about one-third of the total energy consumption in Turkey and fully air-conditioned office buildings are important commercial electricity end-users since the mid-1990s. In the presented paper, the interactions between different conditions, control strategies and heating/cooling loads in office buildings in the four major climatic zones in Turkey – hot summer and cold winter, mild, hot summer and warm winter, hot and humid summer and warm winter – through building energy simulation program has been evaluated. The simulation results are compared with the values obtained from site measurements done in an office building located in Istanbul. The site-recorded data and simulation results are compared and analyzed. This verified model was used as a means to examine some energy conservation opportunities on annual cooling, heating and total building load at four major cities which were selected as a representative of the four climatic regions in Turkey. The effect of the parameters like the climatic conditions (location), insulation and thermal mass, aspect ratio, color of external surfaces, shading, window systems including window area and glazing system, ventilation rates and different outdoor air control strategies on annual building energy requirements is examined and the results are presented for each city.     

Risks of unsatisfactory airborne bacteria level in air-conditioned offices of subtropical climates

Adjustment of the indoor air temperature and relative humidity set points for energy conservation is adopted in many air-conditioned offices in the subtropics. This study examines the environmental risks in an air-conditioned office with a ‘readjusted’ thermal environment from the perspective of the probable airborne bacteria level exceeding certain limits. In particular, a cross-sectional study of bacteria concentrations in 422 air-conditioned offices in Hong Kong was conducted, and a mathematical expression was proposed to correlate the indoor bacteria level with the indoor air temperature and relative humidity in an air-conditioned office. With the proposed correlation, the probability of an air-conditioned office having an unsatisfactory airborne bacteria level could be determined. The model results were verified with the measurement results from some other studies. This model would be a useful tool for preliminary assessment of the environmental risks, regarding the airborne bacteria level while balancing some energy conservation measures, in an air-conditioned office in the subtropics. The study also provides a template for developing an environmental risk assessment model in air-conditioned spaces elsewhere.     

Health and Indoor Climate Complaints of 7043 office Workers in 61 Buildings in the Netherlands

During the winter of 1988/1989, the relationships between the prevalence of work-related health and indoor climate complaints and a number of building, management, workplace and personal characteristics have been investigated in a study in more than 60 office buildings located throughout the Netherlands. To collect the information, a questionnaire was prepared on health and indoor climate complaints and personal and workplace characteristics. A checklist was used to obtain information on building characteristics More than 7000 questionnaires were completed by the regular users of the buildings investigated. The results showed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher in air-conditioned buildings than in naturally or mechanically ventilated buildings. some other variables were also related with most work-related complaints after adjustment for selected management, personal, workplace and job characteristics. These included gender, work satisfaction in general, presence of allergies and/or respiratory symptoms, and personal control over temperature at the workplace. No differences were found in symptom prevalences between buildings with spray and steam humidification. The combination of air-conditioning and humidification did not lead to further increases in the prevalence of complaints as compared to buildings with only airconditioning or only humidification.     

休闲度假胜地规划与设计——卢卡亚海滩度假胜地（大巴哈马岛自由港）

SWA为这个52公顷的度假胜地的改造提供了场地规划和景观建筑设计服务。基地包括三座20世纪50年代建成的旅馆，项目的设计范围就是要求改造其中的两座，拆除其余那座并新建一栋有1300间客房的高层宾馆取而代之，每座旅馆的设计应体现不同的主题，包括新泳池和甲板区、     

燃气热泵结合除湿转轮的温湿度独立控制空调系统

对夏热冬冷地区的办公楼,设计了一种燃气热泵结合除湿转轮的温湿度独立控制空调系统,并计算了其能耗和运行费用.结果表明在该地区能源价格下,该系统的能源消耗与费用明显低于电驱动空气源热泵,节能效果显著.     

直燃型溴化锂多用机在高层酒店中的应用

分析比较了常规设计系统和一机三用方案的冷热源设备组合、经济性和技术性，介绍了一机三用方案在高层宾馆中的设计应用，工程实践证明，直燃型溴化锂多用机的应用是可行的。