Microstructures of electromagnetic casting and direct chill casting LY12 aluminum alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONElectromagneticcasting (EMC)isatechnologydevelopedbythecombinationofmagnetohy drodynamics (MHD )andcastingengineering[13] .TheEMCtechnologydependsontheelectromagneticforcetopreventthemetalfromtouchingthemold .Dependingontheinteractionofeddycurrentsinducedinthemetalandthemagneticfieldoftheinductor ,theliquidmetalcolumniskeptstable[4 6 ] .Thecon tactlesscastingofEMCmayeliminatetheliquidationbuild upsandfeathercrystals ,relievethescalpingop erationbeforethehotrollprocess …     

Technical parameters in electromagnetic continuous casting of aluminum alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONElectromagneticcasting (EMC)isanadvancedmaterialprocessingtechniqueinventedbyGetselev[1]andhasbeenwidelyusedintheworldbecauseitsproductshavetheadvantagesofsmoothsurface ,ho mogeneousmicrostructureandgoodworkability[2 ,3] .ElectromagneticcontinuouscastingofsteelisanewtypemethodbroughtforwardbyVives[4 6 ] thatcom binedtheelectromagneticfieldwithcontinuouscast ingtechnique .Itisalsoanewideatoapplythismethodintotheshapingprocessofaluminumalloytoimprovethesurfaceandinnerquality…     

Solidification microstructure of M2 high speed steel by different casting technologies

The present work investigated the solidification microstructure of AISI M2 high speed steel manufactured by different casting technologies,namely iron mould casting and continuous casting.The results revealed that the as-cast structure of the steel was composed of the iron matrix and the M2C eutectic carbide networks,which were greatly refined in the ingot made by continuous casting process,compared with that by the iron mould casting process.M2C eutectic carbides presented variation in their morphologies and growth characteristics in the ingots by both casting methods.In the ingot by iron mould casting,they have a plate-like morphology and grow anisotropically.However,in the ingot made by continuous casting,the carbides evolved into the fiber-like shape that exhibited little characteristics of anisotropic growth.It was noticed that the fiber-like M2C was much easier to decompose and spheroidize after heated,as a result,the carbides refined remarkably,compared with the case of plate-like carbides in the iron mould casting ingot.     

锌铝合金热型连铸的工艺方法

就热型连铸工艺条件下对具有共晶、包晶和共析转变的5种典型锌铝合金的连续定向凝固进行了研究,找出了各种合金的最佳工艺参数配合范围.研究表明引锭操作是热型连铸工艺的关键环节,型口温度、拉铸速度、冷却条件、合金成分和液位压头对铸锭表面质量有直接影响,型口位置的固液区存在着热和力的平衡.只有通过调节工艺参数,维持固液界面的良好位置,才能拉铸出表面光滑的线材.     

Effect of casting speed on floating grains and macrosegregation of direct-chill cast 2024 alloy with intensive melt shearing

The ingot was prepared by direct-chill (DC) casting technology with different casting speeds under the influence of intensive melt shearing to explore the effect of casting speed and intensive melt shearing on the floating grains and negative centerline segregation. The results indicate that the application of intensive melt shearing in DC casting process can distribute the floating grains uniformly, reduce the area fraction of the floating grains, alleviate the negative centerline segregation, and improve the uniformity of temperature field in the sump. It is also suggested that under the influence of intensive melt shearing, the casting speed plays a crucial role in the amounts and distribution of floating grains. At low casting speed, the intensive melt shearing can significantly reduce the area fraction of the floating grains and distribute them uniformly throughout the ingot. However, this effect gradually disappears with the increase of casting speed.     

Influence of a wiper on transport phenomena in direct chill casting of aluminium alloy 7050

A fully transient model of the direct chill casting process is used to examine the influence of implementing a wiper to divert the free falling water from the ingot surface on transport phenomena and segregation profiles for aluminium alloy 7050. The ingot diameter and casting velocity are varied to determine the proper wiper placement as determined by the predicted composition, temperature, and fraction solid fields. The segregation level was evaluated by comparing steady state radial composition profiles. The wiper alters the dominant radial heat transfer mechanism, causing the surface of the ingot to heat up below the wiper. Placing the wiper too close to the mould causes the surface temperature to increase above the solidus, making the ingot susceptible to bleed outs. The optimal wiper location was found to be near the bottom of the sump for all process conditions examined.     

拉速对包晶钢镀锡板连铸坯中夹杂物的影响

为了研究提高拉速对包晶类镀锡板连铸坯中夹杂物的影响,采用自动扫描电镜研究了不同拉速下包晶类镀锡板连铸坯中夹杂物的分布规律。结果表明,将包晶类镀锡板连铸拉速从1.3 m/min依次提高到1.4和1.5 m/min时,结晶器液面波动大于3 mm的比例都小于0.40%。拉速为1.4和1.5 m/min下连铸坯厚度四分之一处大于3 μm的夹杂物数密度平均值分别为1.15和1.36个/mm2,面积百分数平均值分别为0.001 9%和0.002 4%,均低于拉速为1.3 m/min时的测量值。将拉速从1.3 m/min提高到1.5 m/min过程中,结晶器液面控制平稳,连铸坯表层大于10 μm夹杂物数密度和面积百分数均呈减小趋势,最终实现了包晶类镀锡板高拉速稳定的工业化生产。     

提高铝锭连续铸造机组产能的研究

文章介绍了云南冶金昆明重工有限公司设计制造的新型铝锭连续铸造机组。通过对该机组的冷却系统、升降链式连续接收装置、快速翻锭装置、高速堆码装置、控制系统等进行了技术改造,使机组产能提高了56．25％,运行可靠,能耗低,更加环保。     

Relationships between the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot and the process parameters of a heated mould continuous casting method

The relationships between the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot and the process parameters of heated mould continuous casting method were studied experimentally using our own design of horizontal heated mould continuous casting apparatus, and the mechanism by which process parameters affect the surface quality of a single crystal copper ingot is analyzed in the present paper. The results show that the process parameters affect the surface quality of a pure copper ingot by affecting the position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould. The position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould must be controlled carefully within an appropriate range, which is determined through a series of experiments,in order to gain a single crystal copper ingot with good surface quality.     

热顶结构及铸造工艺对7075铝合金铸锭表面质量的影响

参照工业多流半连续铸造结构,设计了试验用单流半连续铸造铝合金设备,并使用该设备进行半连续铸造7075铝合金,为工业多流半连续铸造提供试验基础。对比研究了铸造速度、热顶结构等对铸锭表面质量的影响。研究发现:提高铸造速度仅仅能减弱冷隔,而无法消除冷隔;降低临界铸造速度虽然能得到光洁表面的铸锭,但无法进行稳定长时间半连续铸造,无法在工业上应用;减少overhang无法解决铸锭表面质量问题;热顶与结晶器之间的三角区被润滑剂填充后,能够实现稳定半连续铸造,并得到表面质量合格的铸锭。     

Effects of water-restricted panel on the casting process of high strength aluminum alloy ingots

A comprehensive mathematical model, based on the commercial package FLUENT, was developed to describe heat transfer, fluid flow and solidification during the steady-state of direct-chill (DC) casting 7050 aluminum alloy ingots. In order to verify the mathematic model and boundary conditions applied in the simulation, the temperature fields of 180 mm × 360 mm 7050 ingots were calculated and compared to the experimental results during conventional casting and water-restricted panel applied casting. There was a perfect agreement between them. Based on the mathematic model and the boundary conditions which were verified, the temperature fields of ingot with different water-restricted panel position were investigated. The cooling rate of the ingot was decreased because the water-restricted panel removes the coolant from the ingot surface. The higher the panel position, the slower the cooling rate. The hot-tearing susceptibility of ingot during casting could be suppressed as the slow cooling rate of ingot profits the stress relieving. In addition, the sump depth is sensitive to the panel position, the higher the panel, the deeper the sump. The sump depth increases remarkably when the panel is applied above the sump bottom during conventional casting, while increases slightly when the panel is applied below it.     

Effect of electromagnetic field on macrosegregation of continuous casting 7075 alloy

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭａｃｒｏｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｎｏｕｎｃｅｄｄｅ ｆｅｃｔｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｃａｓｔｉｎｇｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｌｅａｄｓｔｏｌａｒｇｅ ｓｃａｌｅｉｎｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｉｔｙｏｆａｌｌｏｙｉｎｇｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ .ＡｓａｔｙｐｉｃａｌＡｌ Ｚｎ Ｍｇ Ｃｕａｌｌｏｙ ,70 75ａｌｌｏｙ ｓａｓ ｃａｓｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｅｖｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｒｓｅｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎ .Ａｌｌｏｙｉｎｇｅｌ ｅ…     

The interfacial behavior of molten steel and liquid slag in a slab continuous casting mold with electromagnetic brake and argon gas injection

利用数值模拟方法研究了板坯结晶器电磁制动和吹氩耦合作用下吹氩量、拉速和线圈电流强度等不同工艺 参数对钢/渣界面行为的影响规律, 分析了结晶器内液面波动指数F与液面波动间的关系. 研究表明, 在一定拉速 和电磁制动条件下, 吹氩量增加会加剧钢/渣界面的局部波动, F值随吹氩量增加而增大, 弯月面处的液渣厚度与F 值呈线性递增关系; 在一定吹氩量和电磁制动条件下, 拉速增加并没有恶化水口附近的钢/渣界面波动, 而使F值 增大, 弯月面处的液渣厚度与$F$值呈线性递减关系; 在一定拉速和吹氩量条件下, 增加线圈电流强度会加剧水口附 近的钢/渣界面波动.     

Effects of casting speed on microstructure and segregation of electromagnetically stirred Aluminum alloy in continuous casting process

Recently, a semi-solid metal processing has been acknowledged as a cost-effective technique to be able to manufacture high quality product for the transportation industry.In this study a hypo-eutectic Al alloy was fabricated by means of an electromagnetic stirrer in continuous casting process and the microstructural change during solidification due to a fluid flow by electromagnetic stirring was examined.Due to the forced fluid flow during solidification a dendritic phase of primary α phase of Al alloy was turned into a globular phase, which can make the Al alloy get a thixotropic behavior in the semi-solid region.In order to establish the quantitative relationship between microstructure and the process parameters, the morphology shape, a silicon distribution and a size of primary α phase were observed according to casting speed in continuous casting machine.The primary α phase was turned into the degenerate dendrites approaching a spherical configuration with increasing casting speed.The fine-grained and equiaxed microstructure appeared at higher casting speed.A segregation behavior of Si element was declined with increasing casting speed and a very uniform distribution of Si element was observed on the billet at a casting speed of 600 mm·min-1.A thickness of the solidifying shell of the billet was shortened with increasing the casting speed.     

Numerical simulation for macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of 2024 aluminum alloy with an extended continuum mixture model

An extended continuum mixture model for macrosegregation is applied to predicting Cu and Mg segregation in large-size ingot of 2024 aluminum alloy during direct chill casting (DC). A microsegregation model using the approximate phase diagram data was coupled with macroscopic transport equations for macrosegregation profiles. Then, the impacts of transport mechanisms on the formation of macrosegregation were discussed. It is found that copper and magnesium have a similar segregation configuration from the billet center to surface. Negative segregation is observed in the centerline and subsurface, whereas positive segregation is obtained in the surface and somewhat underestimated positive segregation in the middle radius. Further, the discrepancy between the predicted and experimental results was discussed in detail. The results show that the magnesium to some extent alleviates the copper segregation in ternary alloy, compared with that in binary alloy. The predicted results show good agreement with measured experimental data obtained from literatures.     

普通结晶器铸造与低液位铸造所得5083合金扁锭质量差异分析

对老线普通结晶器铸造和新线低液位铸造所得5083合金扁锭进行了质量对比,分析了两种铸锭性能差异的原因。     

直接水冷半连续铸造制备4045/3004/4045铝合金三层复合锭

采用直接水冷半连续铸造法制备 4045/3004/4045 铝合金三层复合锭坯。考察复合界面附近的温度场分布,并研究复合界面的宏观形貌、微观组织及界面两侧的成分分布。结果表明,在冷却板的作用下,界面附近形成一层具有一定厚度的半固态层,从而保证半连续铸造过程制备复合锭坯的顺利实现。两种合金在界面处较好地冶金结合在一起。界面力学性能测试结果表明,复合界面的抗拉强度和剪切强度分别为 105 和 88 MPa,这进一步证明了复合界面的结合是一种冶金结合。     

半连续铸造铝合金表面缺陷的形成机理及影响因素

介绍了半连续铸造铝合金锭坯冷隔、皮下偏析层、表面偏析瘤、拉痕等表面缺陷的特点和形成机制。分析了在半连续铸造铝合金锭坯过程中结晶器结构、铸造工艺参数对这些表面缺陷的影响及作用机理。在此基础上总结了提高铸锭表面品质的技术发展和工艺优化方向。     

Control of equiaxed grains in a complicated Cu-Ni based alloy prepared by centrifugal casting

A complicated Cu-Ni based alloy was developed to fabricate wear-resisting bush for high temperature application.The concern focuses on the control of equiaxed grains in the developed alloy ingot prepared by centrifugal casting.The results show that the equiaxed grains are determined by the pouring temperature of the melt,the cooling rate and the rotation speed of the mold.With the decrease in pouring temperature,the fraction of the equiaxed grains in the transverse section of the ingot increases and the average length of columnar grain decreases.When the pouring temperature is confined below 1,250℃,complete equiaxed grains can be obtained.Based on the optimal centrifugal casting processing,the tensile strength of the developed alloy ingot with complete equiaxed grains reaches to 810 MPa and 435 MPa at room temperature and 500℃,respectively,which is 14% and 110% higher than that of common commercial QAl10-4-4 alloy.The wear rate of the developed alloy is 7.0 × 10-8 and 3.8 × 10-7 mm3?N-1?mm-1 at room temperature and 500℃,respectively,which is 5 times and 39 times lower than that of QAl10-4-4 alloy.     

5183铝合金小直径圆铸锭熔铸工艺研究

生产焊丝用的5183铝合金小规格铸锭铸造时容易产生拉裂缺陷,铸锭的冶金质量也难以保证。在合金成分优化、熔炼和净化技术、铸造工艺参数等方面进行了试验研究,对制得的铸锭进行表面质量、化学成分偏析、高倍组织、力学性能检查,结果表明,所确定的合金成分、熔炼铸造工艺技术和参数能够生产出合格的铸锭,为焊丝的生产提供优质的铸锭。