快反应动力学的进展

20世纪后半叶,科学技术发展迅速。近代微电子技术、高速大型电子计算机以及激光技术的出现和发展把化学动力学推向了物理化学发展的前沿阵地。当前化学反应动力学的进展的主要特点是: 1.由宏观动力学向微观动力学发展。近100年来,从波登斯坦(Bodonstein)对气相反应动力学和门许特金(Menschutkin)对液相反应动力学的开创性研究到邢歇伍德(Hinshelwood)和谢苗诺夫(Semenov)对链反应动力学的研究,从麦克路易(McLewis)和特劳兹(Trautz)的双分子反应碰撞理论到艾林(Eyring)和珀兰尼(Polanyi)的过渡态理论以及RRKM的单分子反应理论,集累了大量极其丰富的内容,奠定了宏观动力学的基础。但是,从分子水平出发对化学动力学进行实验研究和理论计算还只有20余年的历史。以交叉分子     

双亚磷酸酯催化剂体系用于羰基合成丁醛反应动力学的研究

将自主开发的双亚磷酸酯催化剂(HY-A)体系用于丙烯羰基合成制丁醛.在一定反应条件下,得到了与丙烯(C_3H_6)浓度、反应温度和催化剂铑(Rh)质量分数相关的动力学方程.在C_3H_6模试连续反应时,采用动力学方程推算的C_3H_6转化率与试验实际转化率基本一致,验证了动力学方程的可靠性.     

Rh-5-Br-TAMB 配合物形成条件的动力学研究

研究了铑(Ⅲ)和2-[2-(5-溴-噻唑)偶氮]-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸(5-Br-TAMB)之间配合反应的动力学规律.实验表明:该配合反应是一个按缔合交换机理进行的二级反应.采用动力学方法给出了该试剂测定微量铑(Ⅲ)的最佳反应条件为:pH4.5～6.5,试剂浓度2.5×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)、反应温度100℃、反应时间5min.     

非等温法研究Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O脱水反应的动力学

用非等温热重法研究了Ni(CH3COO)2*4H2O脱水反应的动力学方程和动力学参数,实验数据以Achar法、Coats-Redfern法、MKN法处理得到脱水反应的动力学方程为dα/dt=Aexp(-E/RT)(1-α),活化能为E=91.30 kJ/mol,指前因子lg(A/S-1)=10.37,对反应的动力学补偿效应方程进行了研究.     

次氯酸钠氧化降解氮基三乙酸(NTA)的反应动力学和机理

用分光光度法研究了NaOCl氧化降解废水中氮基三乙酸(NTA)的反应动力学。在NTA过量的条件下测得该反应对于NaOCl为一级反应。在298K、pH=3.8时,一级反应的表现速率常数为2.2×10~(-4)s~(-1)。并考察了反应介质的酸碱性对反应速率的影响。在计量化学、产物分析和反应动力学的基础上探讨了可能的反应机理。论述了用NaOCl作氧化剂的优越性和实用性。     

用热重法确定动力学参数

用热重(TG)法和微分热重(DTG)法,对草酸钙(CaC2O4*H2O)和乙酸钙(CH3COONa*3H2O)的热分解反应进行动力学分析,假设分解反应符合简单动力学方程式,速率常数符合Arrhenius型,并忽略温度对活化能的影响,由此给出热分解过程的动力学参数如反应级数(n)、活化能(E)等.     

催化动力学光度法测定抗坏血酸的反应动力学

研究了溴酸钾氧化甲基橙体系催化动力学测定抗坏血酸(维生素C)的反应动力学规律,实验表明:反应对甲基橙为一级反应,对维生素C也是一级反应,并求得了相应的表观活化能.     

硝酸锌与组氨酸固液反应的热动力学

用微热量计对硝酸锌与组氨酸在水中的固液反应进行了热动力学研究。通过实验和计算得出该反应的热力学参数(活化焓、活化熵及活化自由能)、速率常数和动力学参数(活化能、指前因子及反应级数)。将温度改变对该反应的影响及配合物的合成条件进行了讨论。     

四苯基卟啉蒽醌化合物与钴(Ⅱ)配位反应动力学

用光度法研究了5-[p-(β-蒽醌酰亚胺)甲氧基]-10，15，20-对甲基四苯基卟啉(H2TPP)在DMF溶剂中与金属钴(Ⅱ)离子配位反应的动力学以及镉(Ⅱ)离子对该反应的催化作用，提出了反应机理，并研究了温度对反应动力学参数的影响，求得基元反应的活化参数△rHm^≠、△rSm^≠及平衡步的△rHm^θ、△rSm^θ．     

化学动力学数据处理的新方法

根据化学方程动力学方程的特点,提出了一种化学动力学数据处理的新方法,该方法不仅适用于简单反应(如一级反应、二级反应等),而且适用于复杂反应(如对峙反应),在反应终值(即时间无限长时的浓度、压力、电导、体积等)或反应初值未知的条件下,该方法仍能计算得到可靠的反应速度常数.应用本文提出的方法,不仅为化学工作者提供了一种处理化学动力学数据的有效方法,而且可以在一定程度上减少实验工作量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-