纳米粉体Y2O3:Ti 3+ , Eu3+的光谱性能

采用共沉淀法在氮氢气氛中制备出Y₂O ₃:Ti ³⁺, Eu ³⁺纳米粉体,测量了它的XRD、激发与发射光谱,观测了形貌。通过与Y₂O ₃:Ti ³⁺纳米粉体的光谱比较分析,发现Y₂O ₃中的Ti ³⁺至Eu³⁺存在能量传递,以致紫外至蓝光区域的光,均能使Eu³⁺经5D0→7F2等跃迁通道发射出610nm左右的荧光,于是增强了粉体在红橙光区发光的比重,因此可以调节粉体的发光性能。Y₂O ₃:Ti ³⁺纳米粉体的吸收带从紫外延伸到蓝光区,强荧光带覆盖了整个可见光区,这预示它有望成为新一代白光LED或汞灯的光转换荧光粉。     

新型白光LED荧光粉Y2O3:Ti 3+的光谱性能

采用共沉淀法,在不同的烧结气氛下制备了Y₂O₃:Ti ³⁺粉体,测量了它们的激发、发射光谱以及XRD光谱,观测了形貌。在紫外光激发下,微晶Y₂O₃:Ti ³⁺在439nm附近有较强的发射带,而纳米Y₂O₃:Ti ³⁺在400~500nm范围内出现了强的发射带。随纳米粉体的晶粒尺寸减小,它的发光明显增强,覆盖了整个可见光区。结果表明Y₂O₃:Ti ³⁺纳米粉体有望成为新一代白光LED或汞灯的光转换荧光粉。     

Bi3+共掺和能量传递对BaY2Si3O10: Eu3+发光的调制和影响

荧光粉BaY2Si3O10: Bi3+, Eu3+经高温固相法制备并由X-ray衍射谱仪分析其物相结构。实验结果显示Bi3+共掺下BaY2Si3O10: Eu3+的激发光谱呈现一个有明显增强的宽电荷转移带和系列Eu3+的 f – f 窄吸收峰,发射谱为Eu3+的5D0-7FJ橙-红光发射。当用285 nm 紫外光激发时,Bi3+到Eu3+间存在有效的能量传递,导致Bi3+的宽带紫外发射(中心345 nm)强度减弱,而Eu3+的橙-红光发射显著增强;随着Eu3+浓度的增加,能量传递效率也随之提高。最佳Eu3+浓度为0.4摩尔百分比,此后荧光粉发射强度发生浓度猝灭。结果表明Bi3+共掺时明显改善和提升荧光粉在电荷转移带(200 – 350 nm)的激发效率。Bi3+到Eu3+间主要的能量传递机制是通过四极–四极相互作用实现,并且能量传递的临界作用距离是1.604 nm     

Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Eu3+荧光粉的发光特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Eu3+荧光粉,并研究了该荧光粉的微观结构及发光性能。结果显示：Eu3+掺杂Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2荧光粉属于单斜晶系,颗粒呈现近球体和长方体形状,粒径介于400～500 nm。在395 nm近紫外光激发下,该荧光粉呈红色发射,并有5个分别位于582, 594, 615, 654和705 nm的主发射峰,分别对应于Eu3+的5D0→7F0、7F1、7F2、7F3和7F4特征跃迁。该荧光粉的激发光谱覆盖了320～480 nm这段波长范围,主激发峰位于395 nm。另外,该荧光粉的发光强度随Eu3+掺杂量的提高而增强。     

Sm3+离子激活Y2MgTiO6橙红色荧光粉的制备及发光性质研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列橙红色发光的Y_2-2xMgTiO₆∶2xSm³⁺(YMT∶2xSm³⁺,0≤x≤0.11)荧光粉。通过粉末X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光激发和发射光谱对样品进行了表征分析。结果表明，所制备的YMT∶Sm³⁺样品为纯相，无任何杂质；荧光粉颗粒尺寸为2～3μm,分散性较好且无明显团聚。在407 nm的近紫外光激发下，样品的发射光谱在500～700 nm波长范围内存在三个显著的发射峰，分别是603 nm(⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2)和650 nm(⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2)处较强的红光，以及566 nm(⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2)处较弱的绿光。Sm³⁺离子...     

新型橙红色荧光粉Ba3-xSrNb2O9:xSm3+光致发光研究

采用高温固相法制备了一类新型橙红荧光粉Ba_3-xSrNb₂O₉:xSm³⁺,通过XRD图谱鉴定了样品的纯相结构。根据激发发射光谱，紫外激发406 nm下，该荧光粉在596 nm处呈现出明亮的橙红光发射，Sm³⁺的猝灭浓度为0.04。结合变温光谱，分析得出在高温453 K下，其PL发射强度仍保持在室温下的76.5%,具有良好的热稳定性。此外，通过将样品与蓝色LED芯片简易封装，在激发电流160 mA下，Sm³⁺掺杂荧光粉在色坐标(0.331 4, 0.338 1)下发出明亮的白光，接近理想白光(x=0.33,y=0.33),显色指数高达93.3。结果表明，作为新型铌酸锶钡基质的荧光粉，在掺杂稀土Sm³⁺后，在紫外白光发光二极管(UV-WLEDs)中具有极高的应用可行性。     

Luminescence properties of Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2 : Eu3+ phosphor

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Ca10(Si2O7)3C12:Eu3+荧光粉,并研究了该荧光粉的微观结构及发光性能.结果显示:Eu3+掺杂Cal0(Si2O7)3C12荧光粉属于单斜晶系,颗粒呈现近球体和长方体形状,粒径介于400～500 nm.在395 nm近紫外光激发下,该荧光粉呈红色发射,并有5个分别位于582,594,615,654和705 nm的主发射峰,分别对应于Eu3+的5D0→7F0、7F1、7F2、7F3和7F4特征跃迁.该荧光粉的激发光谱覆盖了320～480 nm这段波长范围,主激发峰位于395 nm.另外,该荧光粉的发光强度随Eu3+掺杂量的提高而增强.     

Bi3+, Eu 3+, Tb3+ 掺杂Lu3TaO7的发光性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了Bi ³⁺ 、Eu³⁺ 、Tb³⁺ 掺杂的Lu₃TaO₇。测量了样品的X射线衍射谱、激发和发射光谱及荧光衰减曲线。三种离子掺杂的Lu₃TaO₇均呈现出强的荧光发射,其中Bi³⁺具有峰位在431 nm处的一强发射宽带,衰减寿命为16.8 μs,Eu ³⁺ 、Tb ³⁺ 则表现出稀土离子的特征锐发射峰,衰减寿命分别为1.26 ms和1.20 ms。因此,它们均是具有潜在应用前景的重闪烁体材料。     

LED用KZn_4(BO_3)_3∶Eu~(3+)荧光粉的合成与发光性能研究

荧光粉转化法是目前制备白光LED的主流技术。但是商业化的荧光粉由于缺少红色部分或红色不稳定,使得制备出的LED灯泡颜色偏冷,因此研制低成本、性能稳定的红色荧光粉具有重要的意义。本项目以化学性质稳定、合成工艺温和的硼酸盐KZn4(BO3)3为基质,掺杂稀土离子来研究荧光粉的发光性能。通过高温固相法合成了一系列不同掺杂浓度的KZn4(BO3)3∶Eu3+,并测试了XRD衍射图谱,发射和激发光谱。研究表明Eu3+离子倾向于占据Zn2+格位。同时,KZn4(BO3)3∶Eu3+的最佳激发波长(393nm)位于近紫外波段,适于用近紫外LED芯片激发来制备LED。KZn4(BO3)3∶Eu3+的最强发射峰位于590nm,属于5 D0-7F1跃迁。当发生浓度猝灭时,Eu3+-Eu3+离子间的临界距离为3nm。该荧光粉的色坐标为(0.629 7,0.369 9),色饱和较高。该物质是一种潜在的可被用于LED照明用的红色荧光粉。     

黄色荧光粉CaBi_2Ta_2O_9:Dy~(3+)的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相反应法制备了Dy3+掺杂铋层结构铁电氧化物CaBi2Ta2O9(CBTO)荧光粉。分别对样品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)测试和荧光光谱(PL)的测定。研究表明:荧光粉CBTO:Dy3+的最强激发峰为450 nm,与商用蓝光LED的发射光波长相匹配,发射带峰值位于574 nm,对应于Dy3+的电偶极跃迁4F9/2→6H13/2。分析了Dy3+摩尔分数对样品发光强度的影响,其最佳摩尔分数为7%,根据Dexter理论分析其浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。分别研究了电荷补偿剂Li+、Na+和K+对CBTO:Dy3+发射光谱的影响,结果显示不同的电荷补偿剂均能不同程度地提高样品的发光强度。     

Evaluation of absorption and emission properties of Yb3+doped crystals for laser applications

The emission and absorption properties of numerous host crystals doped with Yb³⁺ ions have been studied. The hosts which have been selected include LiYF₄, LaF₃, SrF₂, BaF₂, KCaF₃, KY₃F₁₀, Rb₂NaYF₆, BaY₂ F₈, Y₂SiO₅, Y₃Al₅ O₁₂, YAlO₃, LuPO₄, Ca₅(PO₄)₃F, LiYO₂, and ScBO ₃. Spectral determinations have been made of the resonant absorption and emission cross sections between 850 and 1100 nm, and the emission decay times of the upper laser level have been measured. The emission cross sections have been evaluated using the absorption cross section and principle of reciprocity, and again using the Fuchtbauer-Ladenberg formula. Agreement between the two methods is within 20% for most materials. The results are discussed in the framework of requirements for an effective diode-pumped Yb³⁺ laser system. Ca₅(PO₄)₃F:Yb is predicted to exhibit the most useful laser properties and is expected to be far superior to Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Yb in many key microscopic parameter values     

Optical absorption and stimulated emission of neodymium in yttriumorthosilicate

A spectroscopic investigation of the biaxial crystal yttrium orthosilicate doped with Nd³⁺(Nd³⁺:Y₂SiO₅) has been performed. Spectrally and orientationally resolved emission cross sections necessary for the evaluation of laser performance on the Nd^{3+ 4}F_3/2-⁴I _9/2 and ⁴F_3/2-⁴I_11/2 transitions have been determined. The Judd-Ofelt theory has been applied to measured values of optical absorption line strengths to obtain the orientation averaged intensity parameters: Ω₂-3.34×10^-20 cm², Ω ₄=4.35×10^-20 cm², and Ω₆=5.60×10^-20 cm². These Judd-Ofelt intensity parameter values are significantly different from those previously reported by A.M. Tkachuk et al. Using these intensity parameters, the Nd^{3+ 4}F₂ metastable state lifetime is predicted to be 225 μs. Measured low Nd concentration ⁴F_3/2 lifetimes of 214 μs indicate a high radiative quantum efficiency. Because of the Stark level splitting of the Nd^{3+ 4}F_3/2 and ⁴I_9/2 manifolds, laser operation at twice one of the Cs atomic resonance filter acceptance wavelengths is possible     

Studies of yttrium oxide films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering

Films of yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) were deposited on Si substrates from a Y₂O₃ target by RF magnetron sputtering. MIS capacitors in the form of Al and Y₂O₃ (400 Å)-Si were then fabricated. The leakage current density was about 10^-6 A/cm² at 1.3×10⁶ V/cm, and the breakdown field of the films was about 2.75×10⁶ V/cm. The dielectric constant of the sputtered Y₂O₃ was found to be about 12-12.7     

Tunable Cr4+:YSO Q-switched Cr:LiCAF laser

Tunable passive Q-switching (781 nm to 806 nm at 300 K) of a flash-lamp pumped Cr³⁺:LiCaAlF₆ (Cr:LiCAF) laser with a Cr⁴⁺:Y₂SiO₅ (Cr⁴⁺:YSO) broad-band solid-state saturable absorber has been realized. Typical pulse widths of the Q-switched laser output ranged from 40 ns to 80 ns, depending on the lasing wavelength. Spectral narrowing and reduced beam diameter with the use of the saturable absorber were observed. The ground state and the excited state absorption cross sections of the Cr⁴⁺:YSO absorber were found by bleaching experiments to be (7.0±1.4)×10^-19 cm² and (2.3±0.5)×10^-19 cm² at 694 nm, respectively. Numerical simulation was utilized to simulate the Cr:LiCAF passive Q-switching with Cr⁴⁺ :YSO solid-state saturable absorber     

Infrared cross-section measurements for crystals doped withEr3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+

The absorption and emission cross sections of the transition between the ground spin-orbit multiplet and the lowest excited multiplet were measured for Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, and Ho³⁺ ions in a variety of crystalline hosts. The materials that were investigated include LiYF₄, BaY₂F₈, Y ₃Al₅O₁₂, LaF₃, KCaF₃ , YAlO₃, and La₂Be₂O₅. The absolute magnitudes of the emission cross sections were determined from the absorption spectra, with the aid of the principle of reciprocity. The calculated radiative emission lifetimes derived from these measured cross sections agree well with the measured emission decay times for most materials. The potential use of these rare-earth-doped materials in pulsed laser applications requires that the ground state exhibit adequate splitting to minimize the detrimental effects of the ground state thermal population, and also that the emission cross section be sufficiently large to permit efficient extraction energy. The systems based on Ho³⁺ in the eightfold coordinated sites of LiYF₄, BaY₂F₈, and Y₃Al₅O₁₂ appear to be the most promising     

Saturable absorbers based on impurity and defect centers incrystals

Saturation of near-infrared absorption and transmission dynamics are investigated in tetravalent-chromium-doped Gd₃Sc₂ Ga₃O₁₂, Gd₃Sc₂Al₃ O₁₂, and Mg₂SiO₄ crystals, as well as in reduced SrTiO₃ using 20 ps 1.08 μm laser pulses. An absorption cross section of (5±0.5)×10^-18 cm² in garnets and (2.3±0.3)×10^-18 cm² in forsterite is estimated for the ³A ₂-³T₂ transition of tetrahedral Cr⁴⁺. Q-switched and ultra-short pulses are realized in neodymium lasers using chromium-doped crystals as the saturable absorbers. Saturation of free-carrier absorption with ultra-short relaxation time is observed in SrTiO₃ at 10⁸-10 ¹⁰ W/cm² pump intensities, while at 10¹⁰-10¹¹ W/cm² three-photon interband transitions predominate. The free-carrier absorption cross section is estimated to be (2.7±0.3)×10^-18 cm²     

LiCaAlF6:Cr3+: a promising new solid-statelaser material

LiCaAlF₆:Cr³⁺ (Cr³⁺:LiCAF) exhibits an intrinsic (extrapolated maximum) slope efficiency of 67%. For comparison, the intrinsic slope efficiencies of BeAl₂O ₄:Cr³⁺ (alexandrite), Na₃Ga₂Li₃F₁₂:Cr³⁺ and ScBO₃:Cr³⁺ were found to be 65, 28, and 26%, respectively. The tuning range of LiCaAlF₆:Cr³⁺ was determined to be at least 720-840 nm. The conventional spectroscopic properties, such as the absorption, emission, and emission lifetimes as a function of temperature, are reported as well     

Emission cross sections and spectroscopy of Ho3+ laserchannels in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal

The spectroscopic properties of Ho³⁺ laser channels in KGd(WO₄)₂ crystals have been investigated using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and lifetime measurements. The radiative lifetimes of Ho³⁺ have been calculated through a Judd-Ofelt (JO) formalism using 300-K optical absorption results. The JO parameters obtained were Ω₂=15.35×10^-20 cm², Ω ₄=3.79×10^-20 cm², Ω₆ =1.69×10^-20 cm². The 7-300-K lifetimes obtained in diluted (8·10¹⁸ cm^-3) KGW:0.1% Ho samples are: τ(⁵F₃)≈0.9 μs, τ( ⁵S₂)=19-3.6 μs, and τ(⁵F₅ )≈1.1 μs. For Ho concentrations below 1.5×10²⁰ cm^-3, multiphonon emission is the main source of non radiative losses, and the temperature independent multiphonon probability in KGW is found to follow the energy gap law τ_ph ^-1(0)=βexp(-αΔE), where β=1.4×10^-7 s^-1, and α=1.4×10³ cm. Above this holmium concentration, energy transfer between Ho impurities also contributes to the losses. The spectral distributions of the Ho³⁺ emission cross section σ_EM for several laser channels are calculated in σ- and π-polarized configurations. The peak a σ_EM values achieved for transitions to the ⁵I₈ level are ≈2×10^-20 cm² in the σ-polarized configuration, and three main lasing peaks at 2.02, 2.05, and 2.07 μm are envisaged inside the ⁵I₇→⁵I₈ channel     

On the dynamics of population inversion for 3 μm Er3+lasers

A generalized model for 3-μm (⁴I_11/2 →⁴I_13/2)Er lasers is proposed. The essential energy transfer processes present in the single-doped Er ³⁺ systems (up-conversion from ⁴I_13/2, up-conversion from ⁴ I_11/2, cross-relaxation from ⁴S _3/2), as well as those present in Cr³⁺ codoped Er ³⁺ systems, are taken into account. In the frame of this model, the main features of 3 μm Er³⁺ lasers, such as long pulse or CW operation, the change of emission wavelength as a function of pumping conditions, and the effects of codoping with Ho³⁺ or Tm³⁺ ions, are explained