细小尺度下潜热型功能热流体压降与传热特性

实验研究了相变微胶囊颗粒(囊芯材料为正十六烷,壳材为尿素-甲醛树脂)和去离子水混合制成的潜热型功能热流体流过等热流细小圆管的流动与传热特性,同时以去离子水作为传热工质在相同条件下进行了对比实验。得到了压降随质量流量的变化规律,实验段出、入口温度以及量纲1出口温度随Reynolds数变化规律,量纲1壁面温度沿轴向的分布规律,平均Nusselt数随Reynolds数的变化关系。结果表明,相变微胶囊颗粒的加入会导致流动压降增大,但随着流量增加,流动压降逐渐与单相液体的接近;出口温度及壁面温度要比相同条件下单相液体的低;含有较小相变微胶囊颗粒浓度的潜热型功能热流体的平均Nusselt数是相同条件下单相液体的2.0～4.0倍。     

相变微胶囊悬浮液在微槽道内的流动换热模拟

基于CFD-DPM模型研究定热流壁面条件下二维微槽道内相变微胶囊悬浮液的层流对流换热特性,并结合DSC测试结果采用等效比热模型对相变微胶囊相变特性进行表征,和水的特点进行对比,讨论了相变微胶囊质量分数、有无壁面热阻等因素的影响。结果发现:相变微胶囊悬浮液冷却特性明显优于单质水,并且随着质量分数的增加,模拟相变融化区长度不断增加,最大强化率可达15.7%;从模拟结果中可以明显看出:由于存在微胶囊的相变吸热,流体温度明显低于单质水,平均流体温度明显降低。当存在相变微胶囊颗粒壁面热阻时,换热强度明显小于无壁材情况,对比有无壁面热阻情况下,结果可以发现当存在壁面热阻时,其融化起始点要晚一点,但是对相变吸热的效果影响不大。     

圆管内氧化石墨烯MPCM悬浮液对流传热实验研究

由于氧化石墨烯(GO)的高热导率特性,将其添加至相变微胶囊颗粒内,以提高以其为基材制备的悬浮液的热导率,从而进一步强化传热。分别测试了纯水、5wt%相变微胶囊悬浮液(MPCMS)、5wt%和10wt%复合氧化石墨烯的相变微胶囊悬浮液(GO-MPCMS)的传热特性,分析讨论了壁面热流密度、雷诺数(Re)等参数的影响。结果表明,由于相变过程的影响,圆管壁面和流体温度分布呈现上升、平直、上升的变化规律;相同实验条件下,当工质为悬浮液时壁面温度与流体温度比纯水低;颗粒浓度和GO均对传热产生较大影响,相同质量分数(5wt%)时,添加GO时可使稳定后的局部努塞尔数(Nu_x)进一步提升8个百分点,颗粒质量分数由5wt%增至10wt%时,Nu_x又增加了20个百分点;与纯水相比,同时考虑GO和微胶囊颗粒的影响,相同实验条件下,相变微胶囊悬浮液平均努塞尔数(Nu)可提升1.0～2.0倍。     

矩形微通道内相变微胶囊悬浮液换热特性

与常规传热流体相比,相变微胶囊悬浮液因具有较大的表观比热和较高的热能存储容量而具有良好的应用前景。基于此背景,通过实验研究了蒸馏水、1.0%和2.5%浓度的相变微胶囊悬浮液在长100mm,宽度和深度都为0.5mm的矩形微通道中的换热特性。相变微胶囊悬浮液因具有较大的相变潜热、颗粒的扰动和颗粒周围的微对流而表现出比蒸馏水更好的换热性能。相比于蒸馏水,相变微胶囊悬浮液对应的平均Nu更大一些,且当Re增大时,Nu也随之增大;在Re不变的情况下,相变微胶囊悬浮液使通道平均壁面温度比蒸馏水的更低;随着相变微胶囊悬浮液浓度的增加,换热性能增强。     

相变微胶囊悬浮液圆管内换热特性模拟

相变微胶囊悬浮液在相变过程中具有较大的相变潜热,可以减小温度的变化程度,且比单相流体具有更高的对流换热系数,成为广泛关注的新型热工流体。本文针对相变微胶囊悬浮液在等热流边界条件下的管内层流,根据差示扫描量热法所得到的相变温度范围,采用矩形等效比热容模型,进行了数值模拟分析,并结合以溴代十六烷为相变材料的相变微胶囊悬浮液的实验数据,将数值模拟结果与实验结果对比并进行误差分析。又对在不同质量分数、不同热流密度条件下的对流换热进行研究,分析了不同参数对对流换热强度的影响。并通过拟合得到了相变微胶囊悬浮液圆管内对流换热关联式。然后改变管径、流速条件重新模拟验证该关联式的通用性,其结果表明模拟结果与预测公式高度吻合,该关联式的通用性较好。     

细小圆管内Micro-PCMS紊流对流传热特性的CFD?DPM模拟

基于计算流体动力学?离散相模型模拟研究恒热流密度条件下3D圆形管道内相变微胶囊悬浮液(Micro-PCMS)紊流的对流传热特性,讨论了微胶囊质量分数对管道内悬浮液速度、温度及壁面温度的影响,获得了沿流动方向不同截面的速度分布、温度分布及修正的局部Nu数.结果表明,靠近管道壁面处,相变微胶囊的存在使悬浮液速度降低,且随其含量增加而降低愈加明显;管内悬浮液温度分布分为非融化区、融化区和完全融化区;管道壁面温度、悬浮液出口温度均比纯水降低,相变微胶囊含量为12%,16%,20%(?)时,出口处悬浮液温度分别降低25.5%,33.9%,42.4%,壁面温度分别降低23.9%,31.0%,39.2%.且因存在相变吸热及扰动的共同效应,管道内温度分布从规则的抛物线形逐渐演变为具有尖峰的曲线.     

纳米颗粒强化相变流体传热性能的研究进展

相变流体是一种具有高载热密度的传热工质,但传热性能有待进一步提高.在相变流体中引入能显著提高流体传热性能的纳米颗粒是近年来兴起的研究课题.综述了纳米颗粒在微胶囊相变流体中强化传热性能的研究进展.结合笔者所在实验室的研究成果,介绍了纳米颗粒在相变乳状液方面的传热强化效果,最后提出了下一步工作的重点.     

微通道内液-液泰勒流传热的计算流体力学模拟

微通道内的液-液两相流型在低流速时以泰勒流为主,本文使用计算流体力学方法,对微通道内液-液泰勒流的传热特性进行了研究。首先考察了分散相流速、物系和管径对微通道壁面温度的影响。结果表明:分散相流速和物系热导率增大使得微通道壁面温度降低,管径的改变对微通道壁面温度影响较小。然后针对当量直径为0.5mm的微通道内工作介质为甲苯和水的两相泰勒流模型,考察了微通道壁面剪切力、界面涡度和努塞尔数对壁面和内部温度的影响,并与文献中气-液两相泰勒流的传热性质作了比较。结果表明:壁面剪切力和界面涡度对管壁和界面温度的波动性变化有一定影响,壁面剪切力和界面涡度的波峰往往出现在温度的波峰附近,并且有一定的时间滞后性。甲苯-水两相泰勒流动下的壁面努塞尔数比气-液两相流大得多,液弹单元的平均努塞尔数是相同条件下单相流体流动的1.3倍。     

圆柱系统中石蜡/纳米银复合相变材料热特性分析

相变材料由于具有相变潜热,被应用于各领域的热管理。锂离子动力电池作为一种新能源,近年来广泛应用于电动汽车,相变冷却作为一种有效的被动冷却方式,能够有效减缓锂电池的热聚集。为将相变材料应用于减缓锂电池热失控,本工作建立了石蜡/纳米银复合相变材料(CPCM)的圆柱系统,使用相变模型及流体体积(VOF)模型研究了相变材料的融化过程,得到了初始时期空气/石蜡气液交界面的变化以及石蜡的液相分布,与实验结果具有很好的一致性。在此基础上分析了相变过程的吸热及储热情况。同时,针对不同质量分数的石蜡/纳米银复合相变材料进行模拟,结果表明,添加0.5wt%~2wt%的纳米银颗粒能够改善石蜡的导热性能,但潜热会有所降低。相变结束后,材料吸收的热量将转化为显热,底面传热减小,主要是通过壁面传热。另外分析了融化过程中液相的流动情况,相变材料液态层增厚,Nu数下降并趋于稳定,增加纳米银浓度也会降低Nu数。     

圆管中相变微胶囊悬浮液层流状态下的融化特性

采用基于双流体模型开发的计算程序模拟了圆管内潜热型功能热流体在均匀热流密度条件下层流流动时的融化特性,模型中相变材料为正十六烷,壳层材料为尿素-甲醛树脂,载流体为去离子水. 分析了Re数、相变微胶囊颗粒体积浓度、热流密度对融化特性的影响. 结果表明,当潜热型功能热流体流过被加热圆管时,存在非融化、融化和完全融化区域;随Re数增加,管道近壁处和中心处的融化起始和终止点均向出口处移动,融化区域逐渐变长;随颗粒浓度增加,管道中心处的融化起始和终止点均逐渐向出口处移动,而近壁处的融化区域起始和终止点则基本保持不变,融化区域同样得到延伸;壁面热流密度越大,近壁处和中心处融化区域起始和终止点越靠近入口位置,对应的融化区域则越短.     

Modeling of radiative heat transfer between high-temperature fluidized beds and immersed walls

This paper presents a theoretical model for predicting the radiative heat transfer rate between high-temperature fluidized bed and immersed walls, which can be used upon the base of emulsion packet model of heat transfer in bubbling fluidized bed. The model adopted radiative flux computation method to calculate radiative heat transfer between fluidized disperse phase contacting to the wall and immersed walls, in which the absorption and back-scattering coefficients was obtained from the reflectivity and the absorptivity of a layer of disperse media of a single particle thickness. In such a model, many factors, such as particle size, particle emissivity, bed void fraction, fluidized bed and wall temperatures, and so on, are included theoretically to calculate radiative heat transfer between immersed walls and fluidized beds. As a result, the model results provide a reasonable explanation of the experimental observation of that radiative heat transfer rate in fluidized beds increases with the increases of the superficial fluidizing velocity. In addition, the modeling prediction for the trend of radiative heat transfer rate between the fluidized bed and its immersed surface on the variation of wall temperature conforms to the classical experimental trend.     

基于MUSIG模型的竖直圆管内液氮过冷沸腾数值模拟研究(英文)

Multiple size group （MUSIG） model combined with a threedimensional twofluid model were em ployed to predict subcooled boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in a vertical upward tube. Based on the mechanism of boiling heat transfer, some important bubble model parameters were amended to be applicable to the modeling of liquid nitrogen. The distribution of different discrete bubble classes was demonstrated numerically and the distribu tion patterns of void fraction in the wallheated tube were analyzed. It was found that the average void fraction in creases nonlinearly along the axial direction with wall heat flux and it decreases with inlet mass flow rate and sub cooled temperature. The local void fraction exhibited a Ushape distribution in the radial direction. The partition of the wall heat flux along the tube was obtained. The results showed that heat flux consumed on evaporation is the leading part of surface heat transfer at the rear region of subcooled boiling. The turning point in the pressure drop curve reflects the instability of bubbly flow. Good agreement was achieved on the local heat transfer coefficient aalnst experimental measurements, which demonstrated the accuracy of the numerical model.     

小管径-粒径比颗粒无序堆积通道内壁面效应数值研究

采用DEM-CFD方法对小管径-粒径比颗粒无序堆积通道内壁面效应进行了数值研究。针对D/d_p=5.0圆球无序堆积通道构建了光滑壁面和波节壁面两种通道壁面结构,分析了不同壁面结构堆积通道内孔隙率分布、流动和温度场分布及其流动换热性能。结果表明：小管径-粒径比光滑壁面颗粒无序堆积通道内壁面效应显著,壁面附近平均流速明显高于堆积中心区域,而平均温度要低于堆积中心区域,壁面附近0.5d_p区域内通过的流体质量流量比例为46%;波节壁面结构抑制了通道壁面附近漏流,可小幅提高堆积通道的换热能力,但堆积通道内的流动阻力也随之增大,其综合换热性能较光滑壁面堆积通道有所下降。     

微通道内浆料体系中的气泡生成特性及尺寸预测

利用高速摄像仪对T型微通道内浆料体系中的气泡生成频率和气泡尺寸进行了研究。以氮气作为分散相,含0.35%（质量分数）表面活性剂（SDS）不同浓度玻璃珠的甘油-水溶液为连续相。实验考察了弹状流下气液两相流量、颗粒浓度以及浆料表观黏度对气泡生成频率及气泡尺寸的影响。结果表明：在弹状流下,当分散相流量一定时,随着连续相流量的增大,气泡的生成频率增大而气泡尺寸减小。当连续相流量一定时,随着分散相流量的增大,气泡生成频率和气泡尺寸均增大。随着颗粒浓度的增大,浆料的表面张力减小,表观黏度增大,气泡生成频率增大而气泡尺寸减小。提出了T型微通道内浆料体系中生成气泡尺寸的预测模型,模型具有良好的预测精度。     

卧螺离心机内盐析流场的CFD-PBM耦合计算

目前对卧螺离心机内部流场的数值模拟大多采用传统欧拉模型,考虑其内部伴有盐析等固相粒子微观行为过程的研究少有报道。本文应用计算流体力学软件Fluent,基于群体平衡模型与多相流Eulerian模型、RNG k-ε模型耦合方法,对卧螺离心机内部盐析两相流场进行三维数值模拟,通过仿真与实验相结合的方式,得到卧螺离心机内盐析流场的晶体颗粒粒径分布、组分数分布和浓度分布及其变化规律,初步揭示了卧螺离心机内伴有盐析的流场晶体颗粒分布特性。研究结果表明：卧螺离心机内盐析晶体粒径的分布随液环半径的增大而增大,螺旋叶片正壁面粒径明显较背面大,从排液端至排渣端的晶体粒径分布有整体逐渐变大的轴向粒径梯度;流道内晶体粒径随转鼓转速的增大而减小,随进口固相体积分数的增大而增大;大粒径晶体的组分数在液环外侧及螺旋叶片正面附近相对较大,而中、小粒径晶体组分数的分布规律则与之相反;盐析颗粒浓度在液环外侧较高且分布均匀,且随转鼓转速的提高而提高,PBM模型与Euler模型计算结果有一定的相似与差异。     

Modeling and comparison of different syngas cooling types for entrained-flow gasifier

A three-dimensional numerical model has been developed for studying the multiphase flow and heat transfer process in the syngas cooler. The realizable k−ε turbulent model and discrete random walk (DRW) model were adopted to simulate the gas phase and particle phase flow fields, respectively. The discrete ordinate model (DOM) was applied to solve the radiative heat transfer equation, and the gas radiative properties were calculated by weight-sum-of-gray-gases model (WSGGM). The ash particle radiative properties were also considered in the radiative heat transfer calculation. The convection heat-transfer between the gas phase and discrete phase is also considered. The flow field and temperature distribution results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Firstly, the results indicate that the RSC should be the better choice for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant. For cooling-syngas quenching cooler, the outlet region has higher risk of fouling and slagging because the outlet gas and particle temperature are about 940 °C, and exceed the criteria temperature 760 °C (suggested in the literature). Secondly, when the inlet velocity and flow rate of the quenching gas are fixed, the more the quenching gas inlets are, the better the flow field and temperature field are. A recirculation region with the diameter about 1.5–2.0 m is formed in the center of the cooler under the quenching gas profile, and the intensity of the reflux flow increases with the number of quenching gas inlets. The particles are rapidly quenched when the particle flow through the quenching gas profile. Furthermore, the temperature of the quenching gas, and the temperature of the water in the tubes of membrane wall also have important effect on the temperature field in the RSC.     

脉动热管相变蓄热器蓄热实验分析

为了研究脉动热管对相变蓄热装置传热能力的优化,设计并搭建了脉动热管相变蓄热装置试验台,实验验证相变潜热蓄热量远大于显热蓄热量;在相同工况下改变加热流体流量,流量增大对传热优化有一定作用,但流量不宜过大;调整热源温度,温度越高,相变蓄热过程所需要的时间就越少;与常规铜管进行蓄热实验对比,脉动热管相变蓄热装置在蓄热过程中节省了47%的蓄热时间,同时优化了相变蓄热装置的传热均匀性。实验证明利用脉动热管技术对相变蓄热系统进行传热优化是可行的。