纳米碳管/氧化锌异质结构的合成及发光性质

以纳米碳管（CNTs）为基体、铜为催化剂,采用催化碳热还原方法直接合成出具有异质结构的纳米碳管/氧化锌（CNT/ZnO）复合材料。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射等手段研究了异质结构CNT/ZnO复合材料的形态和结构。发现氧化锌纳米线在纳米碳管表面的生长过程遵循催化剂诱导的汽-液-固（VLS）机制;氧化锌纳米线与铜催化剂和纳米碳管之间分别存在明显的界面,并且氧化锌纳米线与纳米碳管均保持了规整的晶体结构。同时也发现在大直径纳米碳管上易于形成高密的氧化锌纳米线;随沉积温度的升高ZnO的形态由线到棒最后形成颗粒。异质结构CNT/ZnO复合材料的诱导发光性能不同于氧化锌纳米线和纳米碳管,在蓝光区域的发光强度远大于紫外发光强度。     

纳米碳管/聚合物功能复合材料

纳米碳管(Carbonnanotubes,CNT)具有π π共轭电子结构,可与结构相似的聚合物(Polymer)通过范德华力结合形成复合材料。导电聚合物(Electricallyconductingpolymer,ECP)包覆多壁纳米碳管(Multi walledcarbonnanotubes,MWNT)后,可用于诸如超级电容器等电子器件。共轭发光聚合物修饰纳米碳管形成的CNT polymer复合材料,具有很强的发光性能,有望用于电子接收器和光电器件。通过连结氨基聚合物,可使多壁纳米碳管溶解和功能化,从而将纳米碳管引入生物学系统中。研究结果表明,CNT polymer复合物有许多潜在的应用,有待进一步发展。     

不同成型工艺对纳米碳管电极电吸附脱盐性能的影响

分别采用酚醛树脂(PR)为粘结剂热压和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为粘结剂冷压的成型工艺制备电吸附脱盐器的纳米碳管(CNTs)电极,利用氮气吸附分析电极表面结构,结果表明热压成型电极比表面积较大,所形成的孔隙基本为中孔,平均孔径大于盐水中水合Na+和Cl-的有效半径;结合扫描电镜(SEM)和水珠接触角测试分析,发现热压成型电极表面空隙丰富,亲水性强;进行充放电测试,发现热压成型电极电吸附性能显著优于冷压成型电极,故热压成型纳米碳管电极脱盐性能优越.     

纳米碳管储氢机理的电化学研究

对流动催化剂法制备的平均直径为6nm的多壁纲米碳管（Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)进行纯化处理，提纯后的多壁纳米碳管利用透射电镜（TEM）表征和电化学储氢研究。同时对该纳米碳管电极进行了自放电实验。结果表明：多壁纳米碳管具有奶高的电化学储氢容量（739mAh/g），但氢与多壁纳米碳管之间的作用力很微弱，氢很容易从多壁纳米碳管中逃逸出。另外，通过对多壁纳米碳管的气相储氢性能的测试，根据实验结果推测；纳米碳管电化学储氢和气相储氢的主要吸附机理相同，即都是物理吸附。     

纳米碳管内包覆外来物质的研究进展

纳米碳管具有纳米尺度的准一维中空结构,这使得在其中空管腔内填充外来物质成为可能。填充纳米碳管的理化性能与填充物的种类、结构、组分密切相关,因而人们可以根据需要自主设计和组装各种类型的填充纳米碳管。通过综述目前在纳米碳管内填充外来物质领域的研究动态,介绍填充预先制备的纳米碳管和在制备纳米碳管的过程中同时包覆外来物质的各种物理和化学制备方法及其可能的微观机制,阐述了这类被填充的纳米碳管在电子工业、信息技术、生物化学以及医学等领域的应用前景,并对今后尚待开展的纳米碳管与填充物质的相互作用规律、这种量子线的物理性能及其阵列的制备技术等研究工作进行了探讨和展望。     

纳米碳管与活性炭复合电极电吸附脱盐性能的研究

为考察纳米碳管（CNTs）、活性炭（AC）及其复合电极的电吸附脱盐性能，将其粉末压制成电极，组装成脱盐器，比较电极电吸附脱盐能力和脱盐能耗。结果表明，在活性炭电极中添加纳米碳管有效地降低了电极电阻和脱盐能耗，少量纳米碳管的添加能在一定程度上提高其电极比表面积、孔容以及在盐水中的比电容；当复合电极中纳米碳管的含量为10％时，其电极在盐水中的电吸附比电容达到113.5F/g，其电极脱盐效果最为显著，其脱盐耗能比活性炭电极降低约67％左右。     

单壁纳米碳管制备方法的新进展

纳米碳管以其独特的结构、优异的物理化学性质以及超高的力学性能而具有巨大的应用前景．单壁纳米碳管作为纳米碳管结构的基础，在纳米电子器件、单电子器件、储能材料等方面表现出了良好的性能．基于对单壁纳米碳管的研究，综述了近年来在单壁纳米碳管制备技术方面取得的最新进展，其中包括电弧放电法、化学气相沉积法以及激光蒸发法等方法，并讨论了在不同方法中影响单壁纳米碳管生长的几个关键因素．     

多壁纳米碳管电极电吸附脱盐性能的研究

利用透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对多壁纳米碳管形貌和晶型结构进行分析,发现多壁纳米碳管管径分布范围窄,其层间距大于高定向石墨,且随着管径的增大逐渐减小;利用多壁纳米碳管对氮气吸附实验分析其表面结构,发现其比表面积和孔容随管径的增大而减小,所形成的空隙绝大部分为中孔;将多壁纳米碳管处理后,压制成电极,组装成电吸附脱盐器,研究纳米碳管管径对电极电容和脱盐性能的影响,结果表明多壁纳米碳管管径越小,电极比电容越高,脱盐能力越强,随着中孔比表面积增大电极比电容和电极单位脱盐量均呈线性增加。     

碳纳米管的化学镀镍研究

利用化学镀方法在纳米级碳管表面化学镀镍,得到新一类一维纳米复合材料,研究了工艺条件对碳纳米管化学镀镍的影响,并指出了要得到较好镀层的主要因素。     

纳米碳管结构差异对树脂炭包覆硅/纳米碳管复合材料电化学性能的影响

采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）树脂炭化的方法，制备了PVA树脂炭包覆硅／不同纳米碳管复合材料，通过X-射线、高分辩电镜观察和电化学性能测试等手段比较研究了单壁、双壁和多壁纳米碳管作为弹性导电网络缓解硅在充放电过程中体积变化方面的效果。结果表明，单壁纳米碳管和双壁纳米碳管比多壁纳米碳管能够更好地缓解硅在循环过程中产生的结构和体积变化，这主要是因为其长径比大，缠裹效果更好。单壁纳米碳管和双壁纳米碳管具有相近的直径、长径比及宏观分布形式，但在循环过程中，双壁纳米碳管的结构稳定性好于单壁纳米碳管，进而其缓解硅结构变化的效果更好。     

碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备及表征

以含钴介孔分子筛为催化剂、乙醇为碳源, 采用CVD法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)。通过原位合成法制备一系列不同碳纳米管含量的碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CNTs/HA)复合材料。分别采用XRD、FTIR、TEM、N₂吸附-脱附和Raman光谱等分析手段, 对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料的晶相、结构、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征。同时研究了碳纳米管的添加量对所合成CNTs/HA复合材料形貌的影响。XRD与Raman结果表明, 所得CNTs/HA复合粉体中仅有CNTs与HA两种物相, 纯度较高, 结晶度较好; TEM结果显示, CNTs/HA复合材料中CNTs表面均匀包裹着一层纳米级的针状HA晶粒, 两者形成了较强的界面结合, 且当CNTs与HA的质量比为3:17时, CNTs与HA形成最佳结合状态; N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明, 与HA的比表面积相比, CNTs/HA复合材料具有较高比表面积。     

Carbon nanotubes for electronics manufacturing and packaging:from growth to integration

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. They are light in weight yet stronger than most of the other materials. They can be made both highly conductive and semi-conductive. They can be made from nano-sized small catalyst particles and extend to tens of millimeters long. Since CNTs emerged as a hot topic in the early 1990s, numerous research efforts have been spent on the study of the various properties of this new material. CNTs have been proposed as alternative materials of potential excellence in a lot of applications such as electronics, chemical sensors, mechanical sensors/actuators and composite materials, etc. This paper reviews the use of CNTs particularly in electronics manufacturing and packaging
field. The progresses of three most important applications, including CNT-based thermal interface materials, CNT-based interconnections and CNT-based cooling devices are reviewed. The growth and post-growth processing of CNTs for specific applications are introduced and the tailoring of CNTs properties, i.e., electrical resistivity, thermal  conductivity and strength, etc., is discussed with regard to specific application requirement. As the semiconductor industry is still driven by the need of getting smaller and faster, CNTs and the related composite systems as emerging new materials are likely to provide the solution to the future challenges as we make more and more complex electronics devices and systems.     

Adsorption behavior of carbon nanotubes on polystyrene surfaces

Polystyrene (PS) was prepared using two different polymerization methods (dispersion polymerization and seed polymerization) to investigate the steric stabilizer effect during the adsorption process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of PS microspheres. Experiments with different microsphere diameters and difference types of CNTs were conducted to analyze the curvature effect of the spheres on the adsorption mechanism. The results showed that PS microspheres prepared through dispersion polymerization exhibited preferable adsorption behavior compared to PS spheres prepared through seed polymerization, suggesting that poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) led to improved adsorption interactions between the CNTs and the PS microspheres in the CNTs dispersion. Additionally, the PS diameter and CNT curvature were examined with respect to the adsorption behavior between the PS microspheres and the CNTs. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were found to be well adsorbed on the surface of PS microspheres measuring 2 microm. However, the MWCNTs were adsorbed much less on the surface of submicron-sized PS microspheres, compared with thinwalled carbon nanotubes (TWCNTs). On the other hand, TWCNTs were found to be suitable for adsorption on submicron-sized PS microspheres. These results also indicate that the curvature of the CNTs and the polymer microspheres are important to the CNT adsorption process.     

碳纳米管的性能及其在海水淡化膜分离材料中的应用

碳纳米管是近年来国内外广泛关注的一类纳米材料,具有一维特征孔道结构,能够有效促进液体分子的传输速率,是理想的海水淡化膜分离材料。通过将其引入到常用的海水淡化膜基质中,借以提高膜的分离性能,逐渐成为膜分离领域的一个研究热点。综述了碳纳米管在海水淡化膜分离材料中的应用与研究进展,介绍了碳纳米管的结构并阐述了其应用于海水淡化膜分离的优异性能,总结了碳纳米管在反渗透、正渗透、膜蒸馏中的应用研究现状并分析了碳纳米管在反渗透、正渗透、膜蒸馏应用中的挑战,探讨了碳纳米管在海水淡化膜分离材料中的应用潜力。     

碳纳米管/磁性纳米粒子复合技术的研究进展

碳纳米管作为一种新型准一维功能材料已成为物理、化学和材料科学等领域的研究热点.由于缺乏微观上的加工处理方法,碳纳米管的应用受到一定程度的限制.磁性纳米材料由于其特殊的物理化学性质在存储器、传感器和环境保护等方面得到了广泛的应用.将磁性纳米粒子与碳纳米管复合不但可以使碳纳米管功能化改性,而且还可通过复合纳米管对磁场的响应对其进行加工处理.综述了碳纳米管与磁性粒子复合的制备技术,并展望了磁性复合碳纳米管的应用及其前景.     

Fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide templates on silicon substrates

The controlled fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates of unprecedented pore uniformity directly on Si, enabled by new advances on two fronts - direct and timed anodisation of a high-purity Al film of unprecedented thickness (50 mum) on Si, and anodising a thin but pre-textured Al film on Si, has been reported. To deposit high-quality and ultra-thick Al on a non-compliant substrate, a prerequisite for obtaining highly ordered pore arrays on Si by self-organisation while retaining a good adhesion, a specially designed process of e-beam evaporation followed by in situ annealing has been deployed. To obtain an AAO template with the same high degree of ordering and uniformity but from a thin Al film, which is not achievable by the self-organisation alone, pre-patterning of the thin Al surface by reactive ion etching using a freestanding AAO mask that was formed in a separate process was performed. The resultant AAO/Si template provides a good platform for integrated growth of nanotube, nanowire or nanodot arrays on Si. Template-assisted growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly on Si was demonstrated via a chemical vapour deposition method. By controllably removing the AAO barrier layer at the bottom of the pores and partially etching back the AAO top surface, new CNT/Si structures were obtained with potential applications in field emitters, sensors, oscillators and photodetectors.     

Carbon nanotubes produced from natural cellulosic materials

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were produced from wood fiber using a low temperature process, which included continuous oxidization at 240 degrees C and cyclic oxidation at 400 degrees C. The inside diameter of the CNTs was approximately 4-5 nm and the outside diameter ranged from 10 nm to 20 nm. No CNTs were produced when pure lignin and cellulose were tested indicating that the molecular and spatial arrangement of cell wall plays an important role in CNT formation. The research suggests that the chemical components in the secondary plant cell wall and their differential ablation properties are critical for the formation of CNTs at these comparatively low temperatures.     

气体种类对CVD法制备碳纳米管的影响研究

以甲烷(CH4)和丙烷(C3H6)为碳源气,以纳米级NiO/SiO2气凝胶为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD),在合适的工艺条件下,制备出碳纳米管.通过XRD、TEM、BET吸附等手段对制得的碳纳米管进行了表征,考察气体种类对碳纳米管的影响.结果表明:采用两种碳源气制备的碳纳米管,其形貌和结构均有所不同.由CH4制备的碳纳米管长径比大,管壁光滑,形貌规整;而由C3H6制备的碳纳米管,产物中有少量无定形物,且管壁不光滑,有折点出现.     

Soluble carbon nanotubes and their applications

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their unique electrical and mechanical properties and specific functions. However, due to their poor solubility in solvents, the applications using the materials have been limited. Therefore, strategic approaches toward the solubilization of CNTs are important in wide fields including chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, and medical sciences. In this article, we summarize: (i) the strategic approaches toward the solubilization of CNTs using chemical and physical modifications, (ii) nanocomposites of CNTs and biological molecules including DNA, (iii) formation of CNTs with topological structures, (iv) separation of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes, (v) the preparations of films and fibers of CNTs and hybrid materials of CNTs and organic and inorganic molecules.     

Hydrocarbon decomposition in alumina membrane: an effective way to produce carbon nanotubes bundles

Carbon nanotubes were synthesised within the pores of an alumina membrane. The membrane had 200 nm diameter pores and 60 microm thickness, and ethylene was used as carbon source. Membrane dissolution by HF results in a bundle of parallel open tubes, aligned without macroscopic defects. The external diameter of the tubes is uniform and there is no evidence of any amorphous carbon. Wall thickness control was obtained by varying the reaction time, length by the thickness of alumina membrane, and external tube diameter by the membrane pore size. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and surface area evaluation by nitrogen adsorption were used for the characterization of membrane and nanotubes.