黄沙坨油田油井热洗调查分析

多种热洗方式在黄沙坨油田得到广泛应用的同时,该油田结合自身油井特点根据产液量、沉没度、油井含水率等相关参数,经过细致分析对不同特点的油井采取不同的清防蜡手段,并根据热效率合理扩大油井空心杆清蜡方式,并制定自身清蜡制度大大提高了能源的利用效率,达到了清防蜡工作的目的。     

环空产液剖面测试在欢西油田稠油区块开发中的应用

环空产液剖面测试（环空找水）技术是指在抽油机井正常生产时,测试仪器经过偏心井口下入环套空间,到达测试目的层段,对生产层段每个小层的流量、持水率、流体密度、井温、压力参数进行测量,获得油层产液性能的一种测试方法。适用于具有一定产量且套管直径不小于139．7mm的油井。欢西油田稠油历经20多年的开发,自2001年以来进入高含水阶段,油井水淹问题日益突出,针对稠油”水淹”日趋严重的实际,油田找堵水工作显得更加重要,由于欢西油田采油井均为机采井,近几年加大了环空产液剖面测试工作力度,在“水淹”区找油、”高含水井”挖潜工作上取得了较好效果。     

产出剖面测井中流量测量精度分析

在油田开发后,期对测试资料的利用率越来越高。为满足油田油井动态监测的需要,准确判断主要产液层位置,以及分层产液量。提高油井流量的测量精度和测量下限已经成为我们需要公关的主要课题之一。本文就涡轮流量计在测量中的影响因素做一简单的探讨。     

黄沙坨油田油井热洗调查分析

多种热洗方式在黄沙坨油田得到广泛应用的同时,该油田结合自身油井特点根据产液量、沉没度、油井含水率等相关参数,经过细致分析对不同特点的油井采取不同的清防蜡手段,并根据热效率合理扩大油井空心杆清蜡方式,并制定自身清蜡制度大大提高了能源的利用效率,达到了清防蜡工作的目的.     

油田站外系统单管集输技术研究

通过对油井的产液量、含水率、井口温度及集输距离进行分析和计算,确定了单管集输的主要原则和老油田进行单管集输改造的主要方案。对于产液量和井口温度较高的油井,在保证进站温度的条件下可以直接实施单管输送;对于产液量高,但井口温度偏低的油井可以通过井口电加热器实现单管输送;对于产液量和井口温度均较低的油井,可以通过高温油井串接低温油井或油井井口电加热器串接的方法实现单管输送;当原油含水率低于转向点时,进站温度应维持在高于凝固点3~5℃之内;当原油含水率高于转向点时,进站温度应维持在低于凝固点5℃范围之内。     

微波持水率测井技术在塔河油田的应用

随着油田进入中后期开采,采油综合含水不断升高。电容式传感器测量持水率高含水条件下灵敏度低,无法准确求取含水率资料,为了解决高含水油田持水率测量这一难题。设计研制微波持水率测井仪器。文章介绍了微波持水率测井技术概念,仪器的设计思想、仪器工作原理及该仪器在新疆塔河油田应用情况。     

过环空配产技术在萨北油田的应用

油井堵水、封堵、配产措施是缓解层间矛盾,降低油井产液含水率、增油降水的技术手段,其中配产技术可以通过调节配产层段油嘴大小控制产层液量,较堵水、封堵技术具有更高的灵活度与可控性。萨北油田自2014年以来,开展过环空配产技术的现场试验与推广应用,解决常规配产工艺无法实现单层数据测控、精确找堵水等问题。历经5年时间,检验可调效果,跟踪生产、测试数据,统计分析该技术的应用效果与推广前景,截止至2019年末累计降水18.65×104m3。有效实现萨北油田增油降水,为油田开发提供了确切的原始数据支持。     

JLSφ21产液剖面仪器在长庆油田的测试应用

本文主要从JLSφ21产液剖面仪器的结构及测量原理、测试工艺等方面进行了详细研究,并分析了JLSφ21产液剖面仪器在姬塬油田X1井和X2的应用效果,预示着该仪器具有较好的推广应用效果。     

非均质油藏油井提液机理分析

油田开发到一定时期,随含水不断上升,为确保油田稳产、上产就必须不断放大油井生产压差来提高油井产液量,特别是对非均质油藏油井,其有放大生产压差动用差油层的可能性和必要性,但油井应用多大生产压差生产？本文试从油井启动压力、生产压差计算公式来对提液机理进行分析。     

一种单井计量技术的研究与应用

单井计量采集的数据主要应用于油田生产过程中的油井产量计算、储量控制、生产管理、增产措施依据等方面。目前没有一种能够准确、有效的计量油井单井产液量的计量手段,现研究出一种新型的楔形智能流量计用于单井计量,能够较准确的反应所测试的油井当时产液量,同时又克服了气体对瞬时流量数据的影响,使产气量较大的油井也适合使用该流量计进行单量测试。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.