含钒Fe—Ni—Cr合金在H2S—H2—CO2混合气氛中的硫化腐蚀

含钒ＦｅＮｉＣｒ合金在０．４％Ｈ２ＳＨ２７％ＣＯ２和１％Ｈ２ＳＨ２７％ＣＯ２气氛中于６００℃下的腐蚀产物包括外层疏松多孔、呈粉状的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ｓ，其下致密的ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４和里层的Ｃｒ３Ｓ４。１％Ｈ２Ｓ气体中腐蚀，ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４的上部还有（Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ）Ｓ块的形成。钒与镍富集于ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４／Ｃｒ３Ｓ４交界处。     

非晶态Fe—W镀层铬酸盐钝化膜耐蚀机理探讨

Ｆｅ－Ｗ非晶镀层经铬酸盐钝化处理，可获得有装饰的含Ｃｒ钝化膜，经测定，孔蚀电位较钝化前正移１．６８Ｖ，明显改善了抗Ｃｌ＾－腐蚀的能力，ＡＥＳ与ＸＰＳ的分析结果表明，钝化膜由内外两层构成，外层为Ｆｅ（ＣｒＯ４）３．Ｃｒ２（ＣｒＯ４）３／Ｃｒ２（Ｃｒ２Ｏ７）３．Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３／ＦｅＯＯＨ．ＷＯ３．ｎＨ２Ｏ等化合物，内层由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＣｒＯ３，ＣｒＯＯＨ，ＦｅＯ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及ＷＯ３组成。钝化膜厚度约为６     

非晶态Fe－W镀层铬酸盐钝化膜耐蚀机理探讨

Ｆｅ－Ｗ非晶镀层经铬酸盐钝化处理，可获得具有装饰效果的含Ｃｒ钝化膜。经测定，孔蚀电位较钝化前正移１．６８Ｖ，明显改善了抗ＣＩ－腐蚀的能力。ＡＥＳ与ＸＰＳ的分析结果表明：钝化膜由内外两层构成，外层为Ｆｅ（ＣｒＯ４）３·Ｃｒ２（ＣｒＯ４）３／Ｃｒ２（Ｃｒ２Ｏ７）３·Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３／ＦｅＯＯＨ·ＷＯ３·ｎＨ２Ｏ等化合物，内层由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＣｒＯ３，ＣｒＯＯＨ，ＦｅＯ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及ＷＯ３组成。钝化膜厚度约为６０ｎｍ。该双层饨化膜有效地阻止了Ｃｌ－对基体金属的腐蚀。     

电镀防护性锌基合金镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性

防护性锌基合金镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性比锌镀层钝化膜提高２－４倍。ＸＰＳ及ＡＥＳ分析表明,合金镀层钝化膜与锌镀层钝化膜均由ＣｒＯ３、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２、ＺｎＯ及Ｈ２Ｏ等组成,并且ＣｒＯ３／Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的相对含量和Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２／ＺｎＯ相对含量也基本相同,它们的区别在于,合金镀层钝化膜中总铬量较高,膜层完整、致密,镀层／钝化膜界面存在铁系金属的富集层,这是锌基合金镀层钝化膜具有高耐蚀性的主要原因。     

在含氯化物的碱性溶液中双相不锈钢的耐蚀性及表面膜的研究

在９０℃含Ｃｌ－碱性溶液中所研究钢种的电化学行为表明：００Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ５Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ２（１８－５）双相不锈钢耐一般腐蚀和孔蚀性能较０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ（１８－ＳＴｉ）奥氏体不锈钢更佳．碱液中的游离ＮＨ３、ＣＯ３２－和ＨＣＯ３－有缓蚀作用，Ｓ２－促使材料活化．ＥＤＡＸ、ＸＰＳ及ＴＥＭ分析结果表明：两种不锈钢的表面膜均为多价的复杂氧化物膜，以ＣｒＯＯＨ、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３为主要成分．１８－５钢表面膜中Ｃｒ富集程度较１８－８Ｔｉ钢高，膜的致密度及稳定性亦高，膜中的ＭｏＯ３能有效提高钢的耐孔蚀性能．     

电镀锌钢板涂敷型低铬钝化研究

应用正交试验优选电镀钢板－ＣｒＯ３－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－ＳｉＯ２系钝化剂配方,研究钝化注ｐＨ值,钝化时间,干燥温度对钝化膜耐蚀性的影响,提出一种涂敷型低铬钝化新工艺。该工艺所得钝化膜稳定性好,其抗白锈能力是目前国产涂敷型铬酸盐处理镀锌钢板的３倍。文中还对ＣｒＯ３－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－ＳｉＯ２系钝化膜的形成机理和防护机制进行了初步探讨。     

MgO-B_2O_3-SiO_2渣晶化动力学

应用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）技术研究了Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、Ｌａ２Ｏ３、ＣｅＯ２、Ｖ２Ｏ５、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＳｉＣ、ＣａＦ２、ＭＯｘ对ＭｇＯＢ２Ｏ３ＳｉＯ２渣中含硼组分析晶活化能的影响。结果表明,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、ＣｅＯ２、ＣａＦ２、ＳｉＣ、ＭＯｘ作为晶核剂加入后,可降低析晶活化能,有利于含硼组分以结晶相析出,是有效的晶核剂;Ｌａ２Ｏ３和Ｖ２Ｏ５对析晶活化能没有影响;Ｓｉ３Ｎ４则增强玻璃网络稳定性,提高析晶活化能。所以Ｌａ２Ｏ３、Ｖ２Ｏ５和Ｓｉ３Ｎ４作为晶核剂是无效的。     

铝合金激光熔覆处理等离子涂层的显微组织

利用５ｋＷＣＯ２激光器,对ＡｌＳｉ合金表面的等离子涂层（ＮｉＣｒＢＳｉ）进行熔覆处理。ＳＥＭ,ＴＥＭ和Ｘ射线衍射分析结果表明,激光合金层中的组织以铝镍金属间化合物（Ａｌ３Ｎｉ,Ａｌ３Ｎｉ２,ＡｌＮｉ和ＡｌＮｉ３）为主。在激光熔化层的表面,有富铝的Ａｌ３Ｎｉ相存在;而在激光熔化层的内部,则有富镍的ＡｌＮｉ３相存在。一些非晶组织出现在激光熔化层亚表层中,使得该区域有较高的硬度（平均ＨＶ９５２）,是原等离子涂层的３倍和铝合金基底的１２倍。     

Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系相关系研究的最新进展

围绕给Ｂｉ系超导材料研究提供必要的信息，综述了１９９１年以来Ｂｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ系相关系研究的最新结果。主要包括Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ三元系，Ｓｒ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ三元和纱，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＣｕＯ伪二元系，（Ｂｉ，Ｐｂ）２Ｓｒ２ＣｕＯｘ－ＣａＣｕＯ２伪二元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－ＣｕＯ伪三元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｒＯ－ＣａＯ伪三元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｒＯ－ＣｕＯ－ＭＯ（Ｍ为Ｃａ，Ｐｂ）伪四元系。此外，还讨论了与     

Study on Photoluminescence Spectra of SiC

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉＣ,ｃｕｒｅｎｔｌｙｔｈｅｐｒｉｍａｒｙｗｉｄｅｂａｎｄｇａｐｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｓｗｉｔｈａｂａｎｄｇａｐｒａｎｇｅｓｆｒｏｍ２．２ｅＶ（３ＣＳｉＣ）ｔｏ３．３ｅＶ（４ＨＳｉＣ）ａｔｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａ...     

迅速发展中的汽车用镀层钢板

本文介绍近年来世界各国迅速发展的汽车用具有高防腐蚀性能的合金化热浸镀层、电镀锌、电镀锌合金、有机复合镀层、热镀铅锡合全、热浸铝等高性能系列镀层钢板产品的工艺、性能和用途。     

Research of silane film cooperation with ZrO2 on electrogalvanized steel

The silane composite film formed on electrogalvanized steel sheet by silane film with ZrO2 improve the corrosion resistance.The surface morphology,the structure and composition as well as the corrosion resistance of the prepared silane composite film were investigated by SEM,AFM,XPS and electrochemical test.The experimental results showed that the structure of the silane composite film was composed of Si-O-Si three-dimensional network doped with ZrO2 showing excellent corrosion resistance,because the structure of this kind of composite film has much less micropore which improves the uniform and density of the silane film.improves the uniform and density of the silane film.     

Effect of the metallic substrate and zinc layer on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of phosphatized and painted electrogalvanized steels

In this work, the influence of the metallic substrate and zinc layer on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of phosphatized and painted electrogalvanized steels was evaluated. For this purpose two types of electrogalvanized steels were used, one with drawing quality carbon steel as metallic substrate, and the other one with a substrate of Ni–Cu–Cr added carbon steel. The corrosion resistance was determined by accelerated and non‐accelerated corrosion tests, using cyclic test chambers and field tests in industrial and marine atmosphere. The mean corrosion advance and the maximum corrosion penetration of samples were measured using image analysis techniques. The study showed that the substrate and zinc layer mass play a decisive role on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the phosphatized and painted electrogalvanized steels. It was also verified that it is possible to use smaller zinc layer masses without compromising the corrosion resistance of the material, provided that the metallic substrate has characteristics of atmospheric corrosion resistance, thus contributing to the improvement of the zinc coated steels.     

燃油箱用无铅表面处理钢板材料的发展

镀铅锡合金钢板是传统的汽车燃油箱钢板材料,但由于人们环保意识的增强,燃油箱无铅化已是大势所趋.发达国家的许多钢铁厂开发了各种无铅且耐蚀性更好的汽车燃油箱用表面处理钢板材料,包括无铅镀层钢板和预涂层钢板两大类.热浸镀Al钢板、热浸镀Zn-Sn钢板、电镀Zn-Ni钢板、热镀Zn闪镀Ni双层镀钢板等无铅镀层钢板和预涂层GA钢板、预涂层电镀Zn-Ni钢板等预涂层钢板都已在汽车上应用.具有优良耐蚀性、成形性和焊接性的无Pb、无Cr(VI)预涂层钢板已成为汽车燃油箱钢板发展的方向.     

Al/Cr复合涂层对Ti2AlNb合金抗热腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ti2AlNb合金在高温腐蚀盐环境中的耐热腐蚀性能。方法在Ti2AlNb合金表面通过双层辉光等离子渗铬及磁控溅射镀铝技术制备Al/Cr复合涂层,分析涂层热腐蚀前后的微观形貌和物相组成,并探究涂覆Na2SO4盐膜的试样在不同温度下(750、850、950℃)的热腐蚀行为。结果Al/Cr复合涂层组织均匀致密,且与基体结合良好,厚度约73μm,由表及里依次由Al沉积层、Al/Cr合金层、Cr沉积层、Cr扩散层四部分组成。经不同温度Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后,Al/Cr复合涂层腐蚀程度均显著小于合金基体。涂层试样经750~850℃Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后质量变化较小,850℃腐蚀增重仅0.525 mg/cm^2,而经历950℃、40 h熔盐热腐蚀后失重达到73.571 mg/cm^2,且试样截面出现剥离、脱落现象,Al/Cr复合涂层抵抗热腐蚀能力减弱。结论具有涂层保护的试样抗热腐蚀性能明显优于合金基体。Al/Cr复合涂层在750~850℃Na2SO4盐环境中具有良好的热腐蚀抗力,而更高温度段(850~950℃)的热腐蚀抗力下降。Al/Cr复合涂层在Na2SO4盐环境中良好的抗热腐蚀性得益于涂层中Al、Cr元素氧化形成以Al2O3、Cr2O3为主的混合氧化膜,有效阻碍外界氧气及腐蚀性介质侵入基体。     

45钢表面PII-DGPSM复合强化层的耐腐蚀性能研究

针对海工装备中常用45钢表面耐腐蚀性不足的问题,采用离子注入技术(PII)注Al和双辉等离子表面冶金技术(DGPSM)渗Cr复合,在基体45钢表面制备Al-Cr复合强化层。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)等对试样的元素分布、物相结构进行表征。并采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,对比分析Al-Cr复合涂层、注Al涂层和基体在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性,研究其腐蚀机理。研究表明,采用复合技术制备所得Al-Cr涂层的耐腐蚀性最佳,其表面形成Cr2O3和Al2O3复合钝化膜,和涂层内部形成具有优异耐腐蚀性Fe2AlCr和Al8Cr5相,阻碍Cl-的腐蚀作用;注Al层耐腐蚀性次之,其表面形成致密Al2O3钝化膜,延缓了Cl-对基体的腐蚀作用;基体耐腐蚀性最差。     

无铬复合钝化膜的微观组织结构及耐腐蚀性能

目的解决热镀锌钢板表面六价铬钝化工艺所产生的环境污染问题。方法以钼酸铵、纳米硅溶胶、单宁酸、硅烷偶联剂KH151和KH792为主要原料配制新型环保的无铬复合钝化液,在镀锌板表面制备钝化膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析无铬复合钝化膜表面的微观形貌、元素组成和化学成分,用电化学工作站测试Mo元素对镀锌板耐蚀性的影响,使用中性盐雾实验研究不同皮模量时膜层的耐蚀性。结果无铬复合钝化膜中的Mo元素可以抑制微裂纹的产生和发展,阻挡腐蚀性介质向金属基体扩散,提高复合硅烷膜的电阻。复合钝化膜的电化学交流阻抗比硅烷钝化膜提高了1.6倍,与六价铬钝化膜接近,可以有效抑制腐蚀电化学反应的发生,降低反应速度,提高膜层的耐蚀性。皮膜量为892 mg/m2时,膜层的腐蚀面积为0,耐蚀性达到六价铬钝化膜水平;皮膜量为1252 mg/m2时,耐蚀性能优异。结论制备的无铬复合钝化膜结合了硅烷钝化膜和钼酸盐钝化膜两方面的优点,提高了膜层的致密性和结合性,膜层耐腐蚀性接近/达到了六价铬钝化的效果。     

Corrosion behavior and resistance of hot-dip Al−Cr coated steel sheet under a salt corrosive environment

The corrosion behavior and resistance of hot-dip Al and Al−Cr coated steel sheets (SS) were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), glow discharge light spectroscopy (GDLS), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The Al−Cr coated layer was composed of the following three phases. Al phase comprised the surface layer, Al₁₃Cr₂ the middle layer, and Al₁₃Fe₄ and Al₅Fe₂ phases the interfacial layer between the Fe substrate and the coated layer. The corrosion behavior of the Al−Cr coated layer showed different aspects compared with the Al coated layer. In the Al−Cr coated layer, Cr was observed at an intermediate layer having a band shape. From the analysis of the polarization curve, the initial corrosion current of the Al−Cr coated SS was 10 times lower than that of Al in the early stage, and the corrosion resistance was superior to that of Al. The Al coated SS formed an Al−Fe−Si IMC layer, and the coated layer was almost destroyed. Many cracks were produced, and the corroded parts were enlarged from the cracks. The upper part of the Al−Cr coated SS, an Al−Si coated layer, was corroded. In contrast, the Cr-rich intermediate layer was not destroyed. Consequently, the high corrosion resistance was attributed to the densely covered Al(OH)₃ and the intermetallic compound layer of Al₁₃Cr₂. These results significantly contribute toward attaining a detailed understanding of the corrosion behavior and resistance Al−Cr coated steel sheets.     

FV（520）B不锈钢在CO2/H2S共存条件下的腐蚀行为

目的研究长输管线压缩机叶片材料FV(520)B不锈钢在高含H_2S、H_2O、CO_2条件下的腐蚀行为。方法利用高温高压反应釜模拟特定工况,在H_2S分压为0.9 MPa、CO_2分压为0.6 MPa、温度为150℃的条件下于5 g/L的氯化钠溶液中制备硫化腐蚀层,利用XPS、SEM、XRD等手段对腐蚀层的成分及结构进行分析。结果 FV(520)B不锈钢的腐蚀速率逐渐降低,试样表面粗糙度先增大后下降,腐蚀产物主要为FeCO_3、Fe_3O_4、FeS、FeS_2、S、Cr_2S_3、Cr_2O_3和Cr(OH)_3。结论在腐蚀前期,FeS的形成速率大于FeS_2、S,腐蚀产物颗粒不断长大。形成完整的Cr_2O_3、Cr(OH)_3保护膜后,腐蚀得到抑制,此时腐蚀反应主要为FeS_2、S的生成,试样表面腐蚀产物颗粒尺寸变小,试样表面粗糙度降低。     

45#钢Cr-N包埋共渗涂层的组织特征及形成机理

目的研究在45~#钢表面包埋共渗沉积Cr_2N涂层提高其耐蚀性的可行性。方法采用包渗法,对在1100℃下保温不同时间,得到不同时期的氮铬共渗涂层。利用扫描电镜及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪研究氮铬共渗层的微观组织及其生长机制,利用极化曲线评估涂层耐蚀性能。结果 45~#钢氮铬包埋共渗在保温4 h时可获得最佳涂层,涂层组织为Cr_2N层(约15μm)、Cr的沉积层(约10μm)、Cr的扩散层(约15μm)。Cr_2N层呈现强烈的(002)晶面择优取向;Cr沉积层为Fe-Cr合金及铬的碳化物相(Cr_7C_3,Cr_3C_2)。在模拟燃料电池腐蚀液中,45~#钢、45涂层样品、304不锈钢自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流分别为-0.521 V和230.63μA·cm~(-2),-0.448 V和10.89μA·cm~(-2),-0.299 V和5.26μA·cm~(-2)。当腐蚀电位高于0.3 V时,涂层样品会二次钝化,腐蚀电流低至1.43μA·cm~(-2)。结论沉积Cr_2N的45~#钢样品相对原样其耐蚀性有很大提高,并且当腐蚀电位达到0.3 V以上时,其耐蚀性能优于304不锈钢。