共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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超级电容器具有功率高,使用寿命长,无污染等优点,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的经济价值。电极材料是决定超级电容器性能的关键因素,因而备受关注。主要论述了应用于超级电容器的多种金属氧化物电极材料的研究进展。 相似文献
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木质素是一种多酚聚合物,具有丰富的芳香类官能团和含氧官能团,且在碳化后形成的多孔碳材料易于转化为石墨化碳层,从而形成局部高导电区域,是制备超级电容器的优质前体,故将木质素用于混合型超级电容器逐渐成为研究热点之一。本文综述了近年来木质素碳材料在混合型超级电容器电极材料中的应用,重点分析了木质素在其中的作用,将其总结为3类进行介绍,包括木质素/多孔炭(石墨烯、碳纳米管)型、木质素/金属化合物(金属氧化物、硫化物、氢氧化物)型和木质素/导电聚合物(聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩)型。此外,还介绍了木质素基混合型超级电容器在柔性超级电容器中的应用。最后,总结了木质素基材料应用在混合超级电容器中的优势和挑战。 相似文献
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高分子材料以其优异的性能取代部分传统材料应用于民用、军用船舶领域。本文综述了船用高分子复合材料、船用功能高分子材料以及其他船用高分子材料的应用现状。民用船舶材料趋向于牢固耐用、强度更高、舒适安全,军用船舶材料除了具备上述特点之外,要求隐蔽性更强、作战能力更强。高分子材料的可设计性满足了船舶材料多方面的需求。可预计,高分子材料将在造船领域得到更为广泛的应用。 相似文献
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大力发展优质合成耐火原料 总被引:16,自引:9,他引:7
进入新世纪,应根据我国耐火原料资源丰富的优势,加快发展有自己特色的矾土基和镁砂基的优质合成耐火原料.它们可分为均质料、改性料、转型料三种类型. 相似文献
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Panagiotis Dimitrakellis Kosmas Ellinas Georgia D. Kaprou Dimitrios C. Mastellos Angeliki Tserepi Evangelos Gogolides 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(4):2000694
The use of antibacterial surfaces is an effective way to reduce exposure to pathogens and therefore infections. Several methods to fabricate antibacterial surfaces using surface modification methods as well as a bactericidal agent incorporation inside materials have been reported. However, in most cases the factors affecting the antibacterial behavior of a surface are not discussed in detail. Here, a comparative study on the antibacterial properties of surfaces with different characteristics against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) under dynamic conditions is presented, aiming to unravel the interplay among the most important factors when realizing an antibacterial surface, that is, surface morphology, wetting properties, and the use of a bactericidal agent. Significant bactericidal efficacy for the micro-nanotextured, superhydrophilic surfaces is demonstrated, possibly due to a mechanical killing induced by the interaction of bacteria with the micro-nanotopography. On the other hand, superhydrophobic surfaces without any bactericidal agent exhibit low interaction with the bacteria containing medium and therefore lower bactericidal action, whereas superhydrophobic surfaces with a bactericidal agent exhibit extreme non-wetting properties and rapid bactericidal effect through release of Cu particles. Finally, the role of the hydrophobic coating as barrier against uncontrolled release of the bactericidal agent when deposited as top layer is also showcased. 相似文献
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A higher-ordered polysiloxane was prepared by the sol-gel reaction of (3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl)trimethoxysilane in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution without using any surfactants. The X-ray diffraction profile of the resulting polysiloxane showed three peaks with the d-value ratio of 1:1/√3:1/2, indicating that this polysiloxane has a hexagonal phase. The peaks shifted by changing the humidity. Therefore, we estimated that this hexagonal phase came from the stacking of a rodlike polymer with a Si-O-Si framework at the core and ammonium groups extruding outside. The TEM image of the polysiloxane showed a stripe pattern indicating an ordered arrangement. Because one repeating unit of the present polysiloxane has two ammonium groups, the ion-exchange capacity of this polysiloxane and viscosity of its aqueous solution were larger than those of the previous polysiloxane with single-ammonium group. 相似文献
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涂敷保温材料具有快速固化、负温施工等特殊性能。文章综述了涂敷保温材料的发展趋势,阐述了涂敷保温材料面临的问题,指出解决目前传统涂敷保温材料的热缺陷是进一步发展涂敷保温材料首要克服的困难。 相似文献
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“二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和”是中国对国际社会的庄重承诺。材料是实现碳减排技术的重要物质基础。通过介绍多尺度稀土新材料在能源存储、废气/尾气催化、电催化、永磁电机等领域应用的最新研究进展,分析了多尺度稀土新材料在攻坚双碳目标中发挥的作用。稀土是重要的“工业维生素”,着重介绍了稀土在原子离子、纳米微米、体块等尺度上对功能材料展现的独特作用。在量子材料方面,分析了稀土强关联固态电解质、稀土超导材料及稀土阻挫材料的最新研究进展。希望新型稀土功能材料的开发在减少碳排放方面起到促进作用。 相似文献
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Michael S. Silverstein 《Israel journal of chemistry》2020,60(1-2):140-150
Porous polymers have been evolving continuously since the introduction of foam rubber in 1929. Today, pore diameters ranging from sub-nanometre to millimetre can be generated controllably. Cutting-edge porous polymers are now being applied at the forefront of critical problems with societal and environmental impact including advanced systems for biomedicine, water purification, energy storage, and gas purification and storage. The commonly-used pore generation approaches include macromolecular design, self-assembly, phase separation, solid and liquid templating, sol-gel formation, and foaming. In each, The Chemistry of Polymers, both the polymerization chemistry and the macromolecular structural chemistry, must be applied advantageously to generate the empty volume within the polymer and then fix it in place. This essay will traverse the various pore size scales, describing the chemistries involved and discussing their implications. 相似文献
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Niraj Kumar Ekta Kumari P. Siva Ram Krishna Ajay Kumar Kalyani 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(1):430-437
A new ferroelectric solid solution (1 − x)PbTiO3–xBi(Li1/2Nb1/2)O3 has been explored to develop high-temperature piezoelectric material. An interesting observation has been found regarding its Curie point (TC) and tetragonal lattice strain (c/a − 1). With increasing composition (x), the Curie point (TC) decreases up to x = 0.10 and thereafter remains constant. In concurrence with the TC, the tetragonal lattice strain (c/a − 1) follows a similar trend. Neutron powder diffraction analysis suggests this anomalous behavior is due to the robust off-centering characteristic of the Bi+3 ion 6S2 lone pair effect at the A-site compared to ions at B-site. 相似文献