收入增长、不平等和贫困——中国健康与营养调查数据分析

文章利用中国8个省的调查数据,研究了城市和农村在1989~2004年间经济增长、收入不平等和减贫之间的关系.分析结果表明,城乡收入水平在这一期间有了引人注目的改善,在很大程度上降低了贫困率.沿海农村地区的居民收入上升最快,其次为沿海城市地区.在这个时期,收入的不平等也在扩大,尤其是在城市地区,抵消了一部分由增长带来的减贫成果.通过对收入决定因素的分解,作者发现,收入水平的改善在很大程度上归功于教育回报率的上升和农村非农产业的就业增长.     

三女孩圆梦

在江西省南丰县一中采访，记者听到了三个女孩艰苦求学的故事。在感动她们发奋学习的同时，也为在背后支撑她们梦想的人们感动。     

男性避孕方法在中国的宣传和推广

作为男性避孕方法之一的避孕套在中国育龄人群中的使用率始终在 5 %左右。艾滋病和性别在中国已呈上升发展趋势 ,在人群中宣传和促进使用这种方法可以起到良好的避孕防病的作用。本文通过检索已有的相关文献 ,研究和分析了避孕套在我国的出现、宣传和推广使用的过程。发现这一方法从国外传入我国的时间不长 ;推广这种方法的人群在扩大、倡导的方式也在不断变化 ;法律法规的引导以及政府相关部门的介入与协作对宣传使用这种方法具有积极作用     

消费文化，面子竞争与农村的孝道衰落—以打工经济中的顾村为例

随着打工经济在中国农村的深化，大规模流动的农民也在消费文化的生活环境中逐渐习得城市市民的生活理念。而在村庄社区的生活意义系统被消费文化型塑之后，这种价值取向被灌注到村庄日常生活的方方面面，使得村民在以物质财富为基础的面子竞争中不断找寻近期目标。并以在竞争中不断获取“尊严感”和“自我实现感”作为生活的动力。收入有限的村民在浓厚的消费竞争氛围中变得精于算计，并在持续进行的、强调物质利益的角避中舍弃了对于老人的责任和义务。     

现代企业中领导行为与管理行为

在人们日常工作和生活中,经常把领导行为和管理行为混为一谈,但却忽略了这两种行为在功用和形式上存在着差异,如果不加以分别,就不能有效的解决问题。经常出现这样的现象:在需要加强领导时,却加强管理;而在     

学校性教育的现状——中国性教育的历史现状及未来

在我国，正规的性教育是从中学阶段开始的，在中学以前，性教育几乎是一片空白。城市中学性教育的形式主要是在初中开设生理卫生课，上课的方式以老师教授和看录像为主，但在个案的研究中，我们还发现，有些中学老师并没有讲授这一部分内容，而是让同学自学。     

人口迁移如何影响农村贫困

人口迁移能消除农村贫困,但在某种情况下,也会加剧农村贫困。当迁移人口向农村的人均汇款大于迁移人口在农村的边际产出时,人口迁移将消除或改善农村贫困;相反,当迁移人口的人均汇款小于迁移人口在农村的边际产出时,人口迁移恶化农村贫困。当前中国农村的人口迁移在整体上是在消除农村贫困,但局部地区开始出现人口迁移恶化农村贫困的现象。     

越轨抑或常态:理解农村婚外性行为现象的一个视角——基于鄂东北y村的调查与分析

农村婚外性行为现象不仅在婚姻上是越轨行为,违犯者可能会遭到相应的惩罚;同时,在伦理道德上也是不雅行为,违犯者不仅会引起配偶愤怒与遭到村庄舆论谴责,而且在村庄中可能被大众边缘化。但是,笔者在鄂东北y村调查时发现:婚外性行为现象在村庄中不仅发生的频率高、涉及人员多,而且正逐步成为村民日常生活中心照不宣的常态。     

丧亲家庭子女的弱势性及性别失衡背景下的婚姻影响

使用在安徽省和县农村的调查数据,本文从“父母离世”的独特视角分析了丧亲家庭子女在经济、社会交往、健康状况、性格和教育程度上的弱势性,并分析了他们在性别失衡背景下的婚姻状况。研究发现父母去世对未成年子女未来的经济状况、社会交往状况、健康状况、性格状况和教育程度都有显著的影响,同时也会在性别失衡的背景下产生成婚困难的后果,在男性群体中尤为严重。从生命历程的视角看,父母去世对子女生计的影响,不仅仅体现在当时对这个丧亲家庭的经济社会生活的影响上．更重要的是,这一影响将在未来生活的各个关键点上都有着显著的影响。     

户籍制度改革与流动人口在流入地的居留意愿及其制约机制

本文基于一项在福建省沿海地区所做的问卷调查 ,探讨了在当前户籍制度改革中流动人口在流入地的居留意愿及其制约机制这一重要问题。结果表明 ,即使没有户籍制度这一障碍 ,流动人口中的大部分还没有把在流入地定居作为其最终目标。流动人口的居留意愿与其在流入地的生存能力和家庭策略、市场需求波动和企业用工策略等一系列非户籍因素有着密切的关系。本文认为 ,在积极推动户籍制度改革的同时 ,要在户籍制度改革之外的更广泛领域考察与流动人口有关的政策问题。     

Changes in Trip Duration for Mexican Immigrants to the United States

Using the Mexican Migration Project sample, this paper explores the patterns of trip duration for Mexican immigrants to the United States and the reasons for the patterns observed. I found that the most important factors leading to changes in trip duration are US immigration policy, the conditions of the Mexican economy, and the development of social networks. It appears that the legalization of many immigrants after passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act encouraged short-term migration, but the build-up at the US-Mexico border may have changed this pattern leading to longer duration in the United States. Furthermore, changes in the exchange rate, a devaluation of the peso relative to the dollar, for example, leads to more return migration, as immigrants are able to get more value for his dollars in Mexico. On the other hand, an expansion of networks and resources for immigrants in the United States leads to longer duration in the United States.     

A Trip to Homeland of Longevity, Zhongxiang

"Live to be a hundred"is almost the most frequently used blessing in China. Many years ago, very few Chinese could live to be a hundred and the average life expectancy was relatively short due to the harsh living environment and very poor living conditions. Hence, having a long     

广东城镇空巢老人的养老生活状况及问题分析

“空巢”正日益成为城镇老人主流的居家养老方式,广东城镇空巢老人的比例已超过一半。虽然广东城镇空巢老人对自己的生活满意度比较高,但空巢老人面临的问题和困难也不少。社会必须大力发展养老服务业,适应广大城镇空巢老人的多样化需求,化解空巢老人面临的困难和风险,以提高其养老生活质量。     

From Bucharest to Mexico: a decade of changing perceptions

The 2nd International Conference on Population held in Mexico City in 1984 had 3 main objectives: 1) to adopt the plan to changing demographic situations, 2) to enlarge the plan's scope so it can consider new views that have emerged since Bucharest, and 3) to reinforce the plan's operational aspects so that the plan can be applied more effectively. The Mexico conference had significant differences with the Bucharest gathering: 1) greater participation of developing countries, 2) clarification of the role of population and family planning in development, and 3) recognition of the status of women in development. Governments of many developing countries argue that they cannot wait for their countries to modernize sufficiently enough to stabilize their population levels. Participants in the Mexico conference agreed that family planning programs have been successful in reducing fertility at relatively low cost. The goal of a development-oriented population policy is to improve the people's standard of living by lowering fertility rates, improving health conditions and life expectancy, improving population distribution, and adopting sound economic policies. The overall objective of population policy should not be confined only to growth, distribution, and other demographic aspects; it is imperative that human life and human dignity be upheld.     

Whatever Happened to Social Indicators in Africa? Whatever Happened Indeed! A Developing World Perspective on the Kenneth C. Land and Alex C. Michalos Report on ‘Fifty Years After the Social Indicators Movement’

Africa is a latecomer to the Social Indicators Movement. The first social indicators for Third World countries were developed by outsiders and covered almost exclusively topics related to basic needs and development. In response to Kenneth Land’s and Alex Michalos’ historical assessment and their agenda for future ‘social indicators/quality of life/well-being’ research, the commentary traces how South Africa and sub-Saharan countries—with a little help from many friends who are pioneers in the movement—have succeeded in developing their own home-grown social indicators movement. Addressing some of the themes outlined in the agenda that Land and Michalos set for future research, the commentary discusses the importance of monitoring social change occurring in African society in a ‘post-industrialized and much more globalized, and digitized-computerized-roboticized’ era: How will new values and norms impact on the quality of life of future generations of African people?     

城市低保措施满意率的影响因素分析

中国城市居民最低生活保障制度作为社会最后一道"安全网",为社会的稳定发挥了举足轻重的作用。政府为低保政策做出了巨大的努力,但是仍有低保对象对低保措施不满意。为提高低保措施的满意率、增强低保制度的实施效果,本文对影响城市低保措施满意率的因素进行探讨分析。研究采用系统和整群抽样方法对徐州市445名低保对象进行入户调查,调查内容包括一般情况和症状自评量表(SCL-90)。结果显示影响城市低保措施满意率的因素是对生活质量、自身潜在价值的期望值和强大的生存压力。     

Working off the farm: Impacts on quality of life

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of off-farm employment on perceptions of quality of life. Data collected on 311 Western Ontario male and female farmers revealed that although most indicated satisfaction with their lives, some differences are apparent. Women employed off the farm report more areas of lower satisfaction than their male counterparts and men and women working solely on the farm. Low levels of satisfaction with time issues, leisure and exercise were most evident for employed women. Men employed off the farm report the most effects from time issues, satisfaction with the farm business, income and the environment. People working off the farm feel their farms are less successful and are more concerned with their environment. Whereas the farm family's pluriactivity enables many to hold on to herished aspects of the farming lifestyle for a while, its burdens are perceived to fall neaviest on female farmers especially if they have young children. The magnitude of their concerns about the quality of their environment and not being able to farm successfully suggests that many of these farmers would improve their quality of life by peeding up the transition out of farming before all their farm's equity is lost.     

我国生育率转变的微观经济分析

生育率转变,即生育率下降是经济、政治、社会、文化等多种因素综合作用的结果。影响我国生育率转变的微观经济因素主要有家庭收入、家庭经济类型、家庭消费模式和生活质量等。     

我国老年人口的价值观初探

老年人的价值体现是指社会对老年人的尊重，对老年人价值的承认及对其生活、工作等提供的条件。老年人参与社会发展十分必要。我国老人参与社会发展的途径是多元的，其中市镇低龄老年白领人口从事第三产业比重很大。