小三江地热田地温场特征及成因分析

通过对小三江地热田地质构造特征、地温场分布特征的研究,系统阐明了该地热田的形成条件和成因模式,为该地热田热水资源的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

西安地热田地热弃水回灌数值模拟研究

本文在分析研究西安地热田西南地热开发区的地质构造、热储特征的基础上，首次建立了回灌区地热系统三维数值模型，完成了地热弃水回灌的数值模拟研究，提出地热弃水回灌层位及回灌水量、回灌对热储层渗流场及温度场的影响等。     

地热井井位确定研究——以豫煤二队院内地热井为例

通过对龙门地热田地质构造、地下水运动特点及规律的研究，提出了在地热田内寻找地下热水的富水靶区，并推算了其范围。又以地面调查、地面电法等手段进行了验证，确定了地下热水富水带的具体位置及地热井施工井位，一次成功地打中千米以下地热水的富水区，为地热田内寻找、开发地下热水总结了经验，丰富了深井及地热田找水的理论。     

淄博张店地区地热资源形成条件研究

通过对淄博张店地区地热资源形成的水文地质条件、热储层特征及地温场特征等分析研究,并对张店地热田形成模式进行了探讨,建立了张店地热田热储概念模型,阐明了张店地热田形成的机理。对确定该地区地热田的边界范围、热储概念,以及地热资源的开发利用和地热田远景规划都具有重要的意义。     

太原盆地西温庄地热田地热地质条件分析

叙述了西温庄地热田所处区域的地质构造特征,分析了地热田盖层、热储层岩性及埋藏条件。以西温庄地热田XD-1供水井为例,对地热田的水化学特征、温度场特征进行了分析研究,推算了奥陶系中统岩溶含水层的热储层温度。证明了该地热田为适宜开采、经济的地温地热田。     

牛驼镇地热田地热系统特征及其成因机制研究

牛驼镇地热田具有水量大、温度高、埋藏浅等开发利用优势,其热源形成、对流循环、盖层保温在区域上有一定代表性和典型性。通过分析地热田储层、盖层特征和通道特征来阐明牛驼镇地热田独特的地热系统成因机制。分析表明:牛驼镇地热温度场受区域凹凸相间地质构造所控,地热田地梯温度值分布东南部高、东北部低,轴部高。岩溶-裂隙空间使其具备充足的高温地热水源储备资源、凹凸相间的地质构造使地热田形成良好的深部热源对流循环条件,新近系和第四系厚层储热盖层为基岩热储热量保温提供保障。     

建立天津地热田地质模型的初步意见

本文通过对热源问题的探讨，结合天津地区地质构造特点、热储条件及地热异常特征，提出了建立天津地热田地质模型的初步意见。     

湖南省热水圩地热田干热岩形成的热源机制与成因模式

湖南省热水圩地热田90℃以上的高温温泉指示该地热田具备良好的地热地质条件,是潜在的干热岩勘查有利地段。为合理评价热水圩干热岩的储层温度与勘查开发前景,对汝城地区热水圩地热田的深部地质构造、地球化学和重磁电震地球物理特征、地温场特征等进行综合分析,自深至浅揭示热水圩地热田深部热结构,探讨干热岩形成的热源机制与地球动力学过程。结果表明：(1)利用SiO2地热温标估算的热水圩地热田深部热储温度为79.4～143.9℃;(2)热水圩附近中棚岩体、鱼王岩体等花岗岩体平均生热率为7.07～8.44μW/m3,明显大于中国大陆主要地质构造单元的地壳平均生热率;(3)重磁特征反映出热水圩地区岩石圈厚度相对较薄,大地电磁与地震波速解释的区域内壳内高导低速体与深大断裂带相吻合,指示这些深大断裂有可能构成深部热物质上侵的通道。在此基础上,总结归纳了湖南省热水圩地热田干热岩的成因模式：太平洋板块俯冲与回撤,导致板块前缘形成强烈的热扰动,造成软流圈的隆起和幔源热物质的上侵,形成相对较高的幔源热源;生热率较高的花岗岩体与铀矿体放射性产热形成了良好的地壳热源;深大断裂构成深部热物质上侵的通道,同时为浅部干热岩的形成...     

山东省聊城市东部地热田地热资源特征

山东省聊城东部地热田内蕴藏着丰富的地热资源,地质构造条件、热储地质条件都比较有利,是开发地热资源的有利地段.通过对已有钻探资料的分析,结合近年来的勘查项目研究成果,笔者认为聊城东部地热田属于岩溶裂隙层状传导型地热田,区域地质构造主要为聊考断裂和茌平断裂,热储层主要为奥陶纪马家沟组灰岩地层,该区的地温梯度主要受构造控制,断裂导热是形成本区地热田的一个重要因素,地下热水矿化度较小,含有多种对人体有益的矿物、元素,并且根据开发现状提出了合理的开发利用与保护政策.     

济南东部宁家埠地区地热资源特征与开发利用探讨

济南市东部宁家埠地区蕴藏着丰富的地热资源,地质构造条件、热储地质条件都比较有利,是开发地热资源的有利地区。通过对章宁1地热井钻探资料的分析,结合近年来的勘查项目研究成果,笔者认为宁家埠地热田属于岩溶裂隙层状传导型地热田,在区域地质构造上主要受文祖断裂控制,热储层主要为奥陶纪马家沟群灰岩。该区的地温梯度主要受构造控制,断裂导热是形成本区地热田的一个重要因素。地下热水矿化度较大,富含多种对人体有益的矿物、元素,开发利用前景广阔。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

On the Validity of the Boussinesq Approximation for the Elder Problem

The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly

 Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing, heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure, whey, brewers' yeast) require further research. Received: 13 August 1996 · Accepted: 3 January 1997