磷溶液标准物质的研制

介绍了磷溶液标准物质的研制。选择磷酸二氢钾为原料，经提纯后，配制成质量浓度为1000μg/mL的磷溶液标准物质。采用准确、可靠并能溯源的磷钼酸喹啉重量法进行定值、均匀性检验及稳定性检验。对影响测量不确定度的因素进行了分析，全面评定了标准物质的不确定度。研制的磷溶液标准物质，均匀性良好，扩展不确定度为0．5％（k=2），稳定性达2年。     

溴酸根溶液标准物质的研制

研究水溶液溴酸根标准物质研制的方法,采用超纯水进行重量-容量法配制而成,用国家一级标准物质给该标准物质进行定值,对考察其均匀性及稳定性。稳定性时间考察10个月以上,并对不确定度进行分析评估。     

钡溶液标准物质的研制

选择氯化钡为原料,经纯度分析后,配制成目标浓度为20 mg/mL的钡溶液标准物质.采用BaSO4重量基准法与仪器分析相结合的方法进行均匀性检验、稳定性监测与定值.对影响测量结果的因素进行了系统研究,将各影响量降至最低水平,利用仪器分析法准确测定各影响因素的量值,并逐一进行修正;全面进行了测量不确定度评定.研制的钡溶液标准物质不确定度为0.08%(k=2),稳定性达1年.     

水污染监测用水中硝基苯标准样品的研制

对水污染监测用水中硝基苯标准样品进行制备和研究。介绍样品的制备方法,包括配制试剂的验证、均匀性和稳定性检验、分析定值和测定数据的统计检验等方面。采用质量法制备,用国家标准分析方法《硝基苯还原偶氮分光光度法》对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。结果表明,硝基苯标准样品的均匀性良好,至少可稳定36个月;标准值为1.01 mg/L,相对扩展不确定度为4.0%(k=2),国家标准编号为GSB 07-3182—2014。     

氨气标准气分光光度法量值比对的不确定度评定

为研究所配制的氨气标准气体的重复性与稳定性,采用分光光度法对重量法配制的氨气标准气的浓度进行了量值比对,根据JJF1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》对测量过程进行不确定度评定。结果表明,配制浓度为17.7 mg/m³的氨气标准气体,比对结果为（17.6±0.4）mg/m³,k=2, 两者吻合较好,完全满足使用要求。     

氮气中甲醛的分析方法研究

论述了氮气中甲醛分析方法的研究过程,并对该分析方法进行了不确定度的评定。该方法分析仪器采用GC-MS,通过液体甲醛和丙酮标准样品求得二者的相对校正因子,并以丙酮气体标样和该校正因子来对氮气中甲醛进行定量分析。采用分光光度法与该方法定值结果进行比对验证,比对的数据表明该分析方法定值结果准确、可靠;分析方法不确定度评价结果表明,氮中甲醛分析方法的相对扩展不确定度≤6.2%。     

无氧水标准物质的研制

研制了无氧水标准物质,配制成水溶液测量其溶解氧浓度,并进行均匀性和稳定性验证,对测定值结果的不确定度进行了评定。结果表明,该无氧水标准物质具有良好的均匀性,在12个月内溶解氧浓度没有显著性变化,稳定性良好,溶解氧测定值结果的扩展不确定度为0.05 mg/L (k=2)。该标准物质可用于溶解氧测定仪的零点误差项目的测定。     

配制氮中氢、氮中氧、氮中硫化氢标准气体的质量控制

依据GB 5274-2008《气体分析校准用混合气体的制备称量法》对氮中氢、氮中氧、氮中硫化氢标准气体的配制、定值及其不确定度进行了分析和阐述,讨论了影响测量不确定度的主要来源,该过程和方法可用于其他标准气体的配制和不确定度分析.     

采用比较法研制二级气体标准物质

以氮中二氧化碳二级气体标准物质的研制为例,探讨采用比较法研制二级气体标准物质及其不确定度的分析计算,其中标准物质的制备采用称量法配制,并对所研制的样品进行了均匀性、稳定性试验,结果表明,所研制的氮中二氧化碳气体的标准物质在一年的考察期内,其均匀性、稳定性、量值不确定度均达到国家二级标准物质要求,符合申报条件。     

电气设备中保护气体监测用SO2F2气体标准物质研制

介绍了钢瓶装氦气中氟化硫酰（SO₂F₂）气体标准物质的研制过程。标准混合气是通过将SO₂F₂和氦气充装到钢瓶中制备而成,研究了气瓶内压力和保存时间对混合气稳定性的影响。对混合气配制的一致性进行了考察,并对引入的不确定度进行了评估,由结果可以看出,每个摩尔分数点混合气的量值一致性均较好。通过对称量法配气与稳定性导致的不确定度的评价,结果显示利用称量法制备的氦气中SO₂F₂气体标准物质在6个月内的稳定性良好,其相对扩展不确定度不大于2%。     

Thermophysical properties of some key solids: An update

In 1985, the CODATA Bulletin published a Report of its Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids which analyzed available data on, and gave recommended values for, the heat capacity of Cu, Fe, W, and Al₂O₃, the thermal expansion of Cu, Si, W, and Al₂O₃, the electrical resistivity of Cu, Fe, Pt, and W, the thermal conductivity of Al, Cu, Fe, and W, and the absolute thermopower of Pb, Cu, Pt, and W. The analysts for the different properties were R. B. Castanet, S. J. Collocott, P. D. Desai, C. Y. Ho, J. G. Hust, R. B. Roberts, C. A. Swenson, and G. K. White. The present paper is an updated version of the earlier report and includes more recent data which change some of the recommended values. notably the heat capacity of Cu and W and the thermal expansion of Si and W.     

Preparation and adsorbing performance of calcium titanate with template method

In this paper, using furfural residue as a template, porous calcium titanate (FPCT) was prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption method. The conditions of preparation were investigated. The adsorption capabilities of FPCT for heavy metal ions were studied, and the adsorption mechanism was investigated. The results show that the calcium titanate was porous, and material is composed of crystals in nanoparticle size with a small amount of calcium sulfate impurities, while the sulfuric acid in furfural residue is fixed as the calcium sulfate in the material. The adsorbed quantity is affected by the pH value of medium and time. When the pH value of medium is 5, and oscillating adsorption lasts for 30?min, the adsorbed quantities of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni are 118.04, 197.96, 64.98, 56.85, and 47.91?mg/g, respectively. The adsorption conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and is a spontaneous endothermic process driven by entropy. After adsorption, adsorbents can be regenerated with 1?mol/L nitrate solution. It is used for eliminating Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni in wastewater and the results are satisfactory.     

白藜芦醇纳米载体的制备与表征

制备了负载1%白藜芦醇（Res）的三种脂质纳米载体,分别为固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）、纳米脂质载体（NLC）和纳米乳（NE）,通过进行离心、粒径、zeta电位、pH值、含量、包封率及对温度的稳定性等理化性质研究,结果表明,Res-SLN,粒径45±5nm,zeta电位-10.0±0.3mV,含量为9.57mg.mL-1,包封率为98.68%;Res-NLC,粒径185±3nm,zeta电位-10.8±0.5mV,含量为9.17mg.mL-1,包封率为99.36%;Res-NE,粒径7nm,zeta电位-4.8±0.4mV,含量为9.89mg.mL-1,包封率为97.97%。三种载体体系在4℃及25℃离心10000r/min,30min不分层。分别在室温、4℃、40℃下放置15d,Res-NLC表现出良好的稳定性。     

Augmenting the bootstrap to analyze high dimensional genomic data

The data produced by high-throughput genomic techniques are often high dimensional and undersampled. In these settings, statistical analyses that require the inversion of covariance matrices, such as those pursuing supervised dimension reduction or the assessment of interdependence structures, are problematic. In this article we show how the idea of adding noise to the bootstrap, pioneered by Efron, and Silverman and Young, in the late seventies and eighties, can be used to overcome undersampling and effectively estimate the inverse covariance matrix for data sets in which the number of observations is small relative to the number of variables. We demonstrate the performance of this approach, which we call augmented bootstrap, on simulated data and on data derived from genomic DNA sequences and microarray experiments. This invited paper is discussed in the comments available at: , , , , , , , . This work was partially supported by NIH grant HG02238 to W. Miller, NIH grant R01-GM072264 to K. Makova, and NSF grant DMS-0704621 to R.D. Cook, B. Li and F. Chiaromonte.     

Age and pedestrian injury severity in motor-vehicle crashes: a heteroskedastic logit analysis

This research explores the injury severity of pedestrians in motor-vehicle crashes. It is hypothesized that the variance of unobserved pedestrian characteristics increases with age. In response, a heteroskedastic generalized extreme value model is used. The analysis links explanatory factors with four injury outcomes: fatal, incapacitating, non-incapacitating, and possible or no injury. Police-reported crash data between 1997 and 2000 from North Carolina, USA, are used. The results show that pedestrian age induces heteroskedasticity which affects the probability of fatal injury. The effect grows more pronounced with increasing age past 65. The heteroskedastic model provides a better fit than the multinomial logit model. Notable factors increasing the probability of fatal pedestrian injury: increasing pedestrian age, male driver, intoxicated driver (2.7 times greater probability of fatality), traffic sign, commercial area, darkness with or without streetlights (2-4 times greater probability of fatality), sport-utility vehicle, truck, freeway, two-way divided roadway, speeding-involved, off roadway, motorist turning or backing, both driver and pedestrian at fault, and pedestrian only at fault. Conversely, the probability of a fatal injury decreased: with increasing driver age, during the PM traffic peak, with traffic signal control, in inclement weather, on a curved roadway, at a crosswalk, and when walking along roadway.     

金属锂二次电池的研究进展

综述了最近几年来在改进金属锂二次电池方面进行的研究。主要论述通过加入各种不同的中剂如ＨＦ、ＣＯ２、无机离子、碘化物、有机物和表面活性剂来改善金属锂的表面和／或表面膜的结构,从而提高金属锂二次电池的电化学行为。同时对固民解质和合金负极今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Survey of Industrial,Agricultural, and Medical Applications of Radiometric Gauging and Process Control

Photon and particle radiations (gamma rays, x rays, brems-strahlung, electrons and other charged particles, and neutrons) from radioactive isotopes, x-ray tubes, and accelerators are now widely used in gauging, production control, and other monitoring and metrology devices where avoidance of mechanical contact is desirable. The general principles of radiation gauges, which rely on detection of radiation transmitted by the sample, or on detection of scattered or other secondary radiations produced in the sample, are discussed. Examples of such devices currently used or at least shown to be feasible in industrial, transportation, building, mining, agricultural, medical, and other metrology situations are presented, drawing from a total of 146 selected technical and review paper reference sources here cited.     

Mass imagineering: Combining human imagination and automated engineering from early education to digital afterlife

Imagineering is a portmanteau combining the words imagination and engineering. The term, imagineering, was coined during the early 1940s. Since the new Millennium, imagineering has grown to the scale of a mass paradigm, because of the increasing scope and availability of automated engineering. Automated engineering is enabled by sophisticated software and artificial intelligence (AI) across the virtual-social-physical convergence (VSP) of consumer devices, desktop machines, and Web platforms. The combining of human imagination with automated engineering is enabling millions of vloggers, self-publishers and makers to imagineer at high speed and low cost. This mass imagineering can range from early education to digital afterlife. It involves makerspaces, fab labs, hackerspaces, as well as use of disparate devices, machines, and platforms “in the wild”. In this paper, three principal contributions to the literature are provided. First, mass imagineering is described from early education to digital afterlife. Second, analysis of structure and agency in mass imagineering is provided. This reveals that individual agency varies in different settings for mass imagineering, but is always more than in mass production and mass customization settings. Third, division of labour analysis of mass imagineering is provided. This reveals that mass imagineering extends labour outside of paid employment, such as in the home, towards greater self-expression and increased entrepreneurship. This is possible because of increasing automated engineering across VSP enabled by devices, machines, and platforms.     

Microwave Processing of Materials and Applications in Manufacturing Industries: A Review

The main focused aim of developing new processing and manufacturing technologies are to reduce production or manufacturing costs, processing times, and to enhance manufactured product properties. The developed processing techniques should be widely acceptable for all types of materials including metal matrix composites, ceramics, alloys, and fiber reinforced plastics. Microwave materials processing is emerging as a novel processing technology which is applicable to a wide variety of materials system including processing of MMC, FRP, alloys, ceramics, metals, powder metallurgy, material joining, coatings, and claddings. In comparison to the conventional processes, microwave processing of materials offers better mechanical properties with reduced defects and economical advantages in terms of power and time savings. The present review work focuses mainly on global developments taking place in the field of microwave processing of materials and their relevant industrial applications.