薄钢板自攻螺钉连接受剪性能与力学模型研究

对薄钢板自攻螺钉连接开展受剪试验研究,探究了板件厚度与螺钉直径对连接受剪性能的影响。结果表明:自攻螺钉连接常见的失效模式包括板件孔壁承压失效、螺钉拔出失效和螺钉剪切失效三类,且失效模式受螺钉直径与钉帽侧板件厚度之比的影响;连接的受剪承载力与板件厚度和螺钉直径呈正相关关系,连接的初始刚度和延性也与板件厚度和螺钉直径存在规律性相关关系。采用Johnson-Cook损伤本构和线性损伤积累法则定义材料属性,同时考虑螺钉的形貌特征,建立了自攻螺钉连接的精细有限元模型,经试验结果对比验证表明该模型能够比较准确地模拟自攻螺钉连接的受剪性能。采用中国规范GB 50018?2002的自攻螺钉连接受剪承载力计算公式,同时分析了板件压缩刚度和螺钉剪切刚度的影响,并考虑了螺钉的群钉效应修正,提出了三段式的简化力学模型,能较好地预测自攻螺钉连接受剪的荷载-变形关系。     

修正GTN模型及其在预测硅钢冷轧边裂中的应用

考虑剪应变对微孔洞损伤演化的影响, 对GTN损伤模型的损伤演化机制进行修正, 建立了适用于不同应力三轴度水平的损伤模型. 结合隐式应力更新算法和显式有限元计算, 采用VUMAT子程序实现了修正GTN模型在有限元软件ABAQUS中的数值计算. 通过模拟纯剪切和剪切-拉伸两组试样的损伤演化和断裂行为, 验证了修正GTN模型在不同应力三轴度承载条件下的有效性. 运用修正GTN损伤模型模拟含边部缺口的带钢在轧制过程中裂纹的萌生和扩展行为, 模拟结果与实验相一致, 表明该模型可有效地用于带钢缺陷在轧制过程中扩展行为的分析和预测. 模拟和实验结果表明, 带钢边部缺口在轧制过程中, 缺口前沿和后沿均会萌生裂纹, 且后沿裂纹扩展更为明显.     

内部爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板的动力响应研究

对于合理预测内部爆炸荷载作用下复杂结构的动力响应,通常需要用合适的计算方法进行直接的数值模拟。采用了考虑应变率影响的钢筋和混凝土材料的动力本构损伤模型,介绍了用爆炸流体动力学软件预测在封闭空间内发生爆炸情况下结构响应的数值模拟方法。对箱型封闭空间内0．5kg TNT爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土顶板的响应进行了数值模拟研究,展示了钢筋混凝土板从混凝土开裂、钢筋断裂到板整体抛射的动态演变过程,并与试验结果进行了对比分析,内部爆炸荷载压力时程曲线、混凝土的损伤破坏和板的抛射速度与试验结果吻合较好。从中可以发现钢筋对混凝土开裂起主要抑制作用,板的开裂和碎片形成主要受脉冲压力荷载的影响,而板的抛射速度主要受气体压力荷载的控制。     

复合材料加筋板后屈曲特性研究

通过对复合材料加筋板进行轴向压缩实验和非线性有限元模拟,研究了其后屈曲阶段的损伤和破坏行为.加筋板在实验中被压缩至完全破坏,压溃的加筋板表现出复杂的后屈曲损伤,包括筋条脱粘、纤维断裂、分层、基体开裂等损伤模式.有限元模型中引入了Hashin准则和基于二次应力的胶层失效准则,失稳及破坏载荷的预测结果和实验值吻合较好.分析...     

基于微观机制的复杂应力状态下钢材韧性断裂行为研究

韧性断裂是钢材最常见的破坏形式,研究钢材韧性断裂机理并准确预测钢材韧性断裂行为具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。基于微观机制的断裂预测方法对研究钢材韧性断裂行为有较好的适用性。该文基于体胞模型空穴演化机理改进了现有的韧性断裂模型,校核了Q345钢材断裂模型参数。此外,在韧性断裂模型中引入损伤因子,以考虑应力状态在加载过程中的变化,使断裂模型能准确描述每一加载时刻的累积损伤值。文末采用Fortran语言将断裂模型编写USDFLD子程序,并将其植入有限元程序ABAQUS,对一组十字型刚节点试件单轴拉伸试验进行数值模拟。结果表明,该断裂模型在拉-剪复合应力状态下具有良好的预测精度,且能够准确捕捉钢材断裂起始位置及裂缝扩展路径。该文改进的韧性断裂模型也可用于其它韧性金属材料断裂预测分析。     

压缩载荷下复合材料整体加筋板渐进损伤非线性数值分析

建立了考虑脱粘的复合材料整体加筋板渐进损伤有限元分析模型。该模型采用界面单元模拟筋条与壁板之间的连接界面, 连接界面和复合材料层板分别采用Quads准则和Hashin准则作为失效判据, 基于ABAQUS软件, 建立了含连续损伤状态变量的材料刚度退化方案。基于该模型, 采用非线性有限元方法研究了压缩载荷下复合材料整体加筋壁板在考虑初始几何缺陷时的破坏过程, 分析了结构相应失效模式的细观损伤机制; 详细讨论了轴向刚度比对结构承载能力及破坏模式的影响。结果表明: 考虑脱粘损伤的有限元模型能有效模拟加筋板的破坏过程; 在加筋板铺层设计合理的情况下, 增加筋条与壁板刚度比能有效提高加筋板截面单位面积的承载能力。      

复合材料胶接修补件力学性能的实验研究与数值模拟

进行复合材料修补的铝合金板的静强度实验,测定载荷-位移曲线,分析破坏机理,并讨论了胶层材料性能、复合材料补片性能与厚度等因素对修补件静强度的影响;建立了修补件的三维有限元模型,模拟修补件的载荷-位移曲线和应力分布,验证了模型的有效性;根据应力分布计算结果和失效准则,预测初始损伤及裂纹产生的位置,并估算破坏强度,预测结果...     

Q345试件细观损伤的声发射量化评价实验研究

根据金属塑性材料细观损伤理论及微孔洞损伤机理,建立以孔洞扩张比V_G为损伤变量的声发射量化评价模型。以Q345钢圆棒缺口试件拉伸断裂过程为例,获取材料从屈服到断裂过程声发射信息;采用Gurson- Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN)模型,模拟得到Q345试件拉伸过程细观损伤参量数值解。结合声发射测试和数值模拟结果,建立Q345试件拉伸过程孔洞扩张比的声发射累积撞击计数N量化评价公式。结果表明:Q345钢从屈服到断裂过程N与V_G函数关系分为线性损伤及非线性损伤两个阶段,并确定当N达到128个时,材料处于损伤临界转变点。     

基于修正GTN模型的不锈钢管剪切过程韧性断裂准则研究

为了改善修正Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman模型(修正GTN模型)无法准确模拟不锈钢管剪切过程的缺陷,该文在原模型基础上,构造了一个与位移相关的损伤函数作为新的断裂准则。同时,在ABAQUS中采用隐式向后Euler应力更新算法编制了改进后模型的VUMAT用户子程序,实现了其数值求解。最后进行了SUS304不锈钢管剪切试验,通过分析对比试验数据与改进后模型的模拟结果,验证了该文所提出的方法的准确性。     

基于材料全程本构关系对延性断裂韧性的数值模拟方法与应用

利用ANSYS APDL编程语言,采用FAT (Finite-element-analysis Aided Testing)方法获取26NiCrMoV11-5汽轮机转子材料、A508-III压力容器钢和304不锈钢材料全程单轴拉伸本构关系曲线。借助ABAQUS软件中GTN (Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman)损伤模型,采用有限元逆向法对3种材料漏斗试样单轴拉伸试验过程进行数值仿真,标定相应的GTN模型参数,获得了较好的结果。在此基础上将3种材料GTN模型参数用以模拟紧凑拉伸(Compact Tension,CT)试样的准静态裂纹扩展,基于载荷分离法实现了对26NiCrMoV11-5、A508-III和304不锈钢3种材料J阻力曲线的良好预测。     

Numerical study of electron beam welded butt joints with the GTN model

The fracture behavior of S355NL electron beam welded steel joints is investigated experimentally and numerically. The simulation of crack propagation in an electron beam welded steel joint was performed with the Gurson?CTvergaard?CNeedleman (GTN) damage model. A parameter study of the GTN model was adopted which reveals the influence of parameters on the material behavior of notched round and compact tension specimens. Based on the combined method of metallographic investigations and numerical calibration, the GTN parameters were fixed. The same parameters were used to predict the ductile fracture of compact tension specimens with the initial crack located at different locations. Good match can be found between the numerical and experimental results in the form of force versus Crack Opening Displacement as well as fracture resistance curves.     

Determination of the Gurson–Tvergaard damage model parameters for simulating small punch tests

The objective of the final small punch test (SPT) is to determine the fracture properties of materials, such as fracture toughness, when not enough material is available for the conduct of conventional fracture tests. The damage model developed by Gurson, and subsequently modified by Tvergaard and Needleman (GTN), allows for the numerical simulation of the elastic‐plastic behaviour until fracture. This model is based on several constitutive material parameters that must be calibrated if the model is to be properly applied. In this paper, we develop a consistent methodology for the identification of the GTN damage parameters based on the adjustment of the load‐displacement curve obtained in the SPTs. The methodology presented is applicable to simulating other different SPTs with different thicknesses and test temperatures. Also, the three‐dimensional modelling developed will be useful in the future for analysing the possible anisotropy exhibited by some materials. The next step in the simulation will be to determine its validity in other stress fields with different triaxiality ratios, like the one present in CT specimens, the ultimate goal being to allow for the estimation of the material fracture toughness.     

基于不同强化模型的GTN损伤模型及其在板料回弹有限元分析中的应用

为了进一步提高板料成形中的回弹预测精度,分别建立了基于Ziegler 线性随动强化模型、Lemaitre-Chaboche 非线性随动强化以及非线性混合强化模型的Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN)细观损伤本构模型,并给出有限元数值积分方法。通过用户自定义材料子程序VUMAT 将损伤模型嵌入到有限元软件ABAQUS 中,以NUMISHEET’93 板料U 型弯曲考题为例,应用显隐相结合的方法模拟分析了不同材料强化模型和损伤对板料回弹量的影响。结果表明:在相同GTN 损伤模型情况下,线性随动和非线性随动强化模型预测得到的板料回弹量较小,等向强化预测的板料回弹量偏大,非线性混合强化预测的板料回弹量介于它们之间。材料模型在考虑损伤因素后,预测的回弹严重程度比无损伤情况时略小,与实验值更相近。     

Anisotropic Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman plasticity and damage model for finite element analysis of elastic‐plastic problems

Implementation and analysis of the anisotropic version of the Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman (GTN) isotropic damage criterion are performed on the basis of Hill's quadratic anisotropic yield theory with the definition of an effective anisotropic coefficient to represent the elastic‐plastic behavior of ductile metals. This study aims to analyze the extension of the GTN model suitable for anisotropic porous metals and to investigate the GTN model extension. An anisotropic damage model is implemented using the user material subroutine in ABAQUS/standard finite element code. The implementation is verified and applied to simulate a uniaxial tensile test on a commercially produced aluminum sheet material for three‐dimensional and plane stress test cases. Spherical and ellipsoidal micro voids are considered in the matrix material, and their effects on the uniaxial stress‐strain response of the material are analyzed. Hill's quadratic anisotropic yield theory predicts substantially large damage evolution and a low stress‐strain curve compared with those predicted by the isotropic model. An approximate model for anisotropic materials is proposed to avoid increased damage evolution. In this approximate model, Hill's anisotropic constants are replaced with an effective anisotropy coefficient. All model‐generated stress‐strain predictions are compared with the experimental stress‐strain curve of AA6016‐T4 alloy.     

Elastoplastic response and failure assessment of steel alloys: Empirical and computational analyses

This work aims to study material nonlinearity related to a dual‐phase Steel (DP600) specimen loaded under a tension. Experiment is performed, and then captured data are processed by 3D digital image correlation (DIC). It deals with two analyses; firstly, elastoplastic response of material due to tension up to material plastification. Then, the problem is modelled using FEM, considering an isotropic von Mises criterion/hardening behaviour. To obtain comparable numerical results, model is solved using meshless methods. Besides strain fields, load/displacement response is evaluated, and numerical formulations are validated with experimental solution. Second, failure phenomenon due to plasticity is studied since material undergoes its failure. The empirical results rely on DIC, and then, damage model is resolved using Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman (GTN) criterion. As a result, the engineering stress/strain curves are reported. Comparisons are made between DIC and GTN damage model. Promising computational results are verified by DIC results implying that supportive strategy is proficient.     

Numerical modelling of damage behaviour of laser-hybrid welds

The effect of laser-hybrid welds on deformation and failure behaviour of fracture mechanics specimens is investigated in order to provide quantitative prediction of damage tolerance and residual strength. The simulation of crack initiation and crack extension in hybrid welds is performed by applying GTN damage model. The identification of damage parameters requires combined numerical and experimental analyses. The tendency to crack path deviation during crack growth depends strongly on the constraint development at the interface between base and weld metal. In order to quantify the influence of local stress state on the crack path deviation, the initial crack location is varied. Finally, the results from fracture mechanics tests are compared to real component, beam-column-connection, with respect to fracture resistance.     

Gurson model parameters for ductile fracture simulation in ASTM A992 steels

This study is concerned with the modelling the ductile fracture in ASTM A992 steels using the Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman (GTN) model for high stress triaxiality regime. The GTN model for ASTM A992 structural steels is calibrated from the experiments performed on axisymmetrically notched tensile specimens. The experiments are designed to obtain a range of stress triaxiality and different fracture initiation locations. The non‐uniqueness in the constitutive parameters of the GTN model is illustrated in this study. The choice of a unique set of GTN constitutive parameters is made by choosing the nucleation strain (?_N) as a material constant. The process of estimating this material specific nucleation strain is provided. All the other GTN model parameters corresponding to the material specific nucleation strain (?_N) are evaluated to best fit the experimental results. The calibrated GTN model is shown to predict the load displacement behaviour, ductility and fracture initiation locations in the notched specimens. The calibrated GTN parameters are used to successfully predict the ductility of structural components: (a) bars with a hole; (b) plate with reduced section and (c) plate with holes; that are typically found in structural engineering applications.     

Parameter identification of a mechanical ductile damage using Artificial Neural Networks in sheet metal forming

In this paper, we report on the developed and used of finite element methods, have been developed and used for sheet forming simulations since the 1970s, and have immensely contributed to ensure the success of concurrent design in the manufacturing process of sheets metal. During the forming operation, the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model was often employed to evaluate the ductile damage and fracture phenomena. GTN represents one of the most widely used ductile damage model. In this investigation, many experimental tests and finite element model computation are performed to predict the damage evolution in notched tensile specimen of sheet metal using the GTN model. The parameters in the GTN model are calibrated using an Artificial Neural Networks system and the results of the tensile test. In the experimental part, we used an optical measurement instruments in two phases: firstly during the tensile test, a digital image correlation method is applied to determinate the full-field displacements in the specimen surface. Secondly a profile projector is employed to evaluate the localization of deformation (formation of shear band) just before the specimen’s fracture. In the validation parts of this investigation, the experimental results of hydroforming part and Erichsen test are compared with their numerical finite element model taking into account the GTN model. A good correlation was observed between the two approaches.