系统性红斑狼疮并发视网膜静脉阻塞的临床分析

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE）并发视网膜静脉阻塞的临床特点。 方法 对9例12只眼SLE并发视网膜静脉阻塞的患者进行视力、眼底检查及检测血抗核抗体（antinuclear antibody，ANA）、抗双链DNA（抗dsDNA）、补体3（ C₃）、补体4（C₄）和血红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR)。3例行荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA）检查，并对伴有眼部其他表现或全身病变的患者进行分析。 结果 视网膜中央静脉阻塞（central retinal vein occlusion, CRVO）6例8只眼，视网膜分支静脉阻塞（branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO）3例4只眼；3例5只眼FFA显示早期出现视网膜静脉及毛细血管广泛荧光渗漏；6例单眼视网膜静脉阻塞的对侧眼有4只眼有棉绒斑、视网膜出血等SLE眼底改变；4例合并有眼部干燥性角结膜炎或溃疡性睑缘炎，8例患者伴随有全身症状；所有病例ANA、抗dsDNA阳性、血ESR大于50 mm/h，6例 C₃下降，5例C₄下降.结论 SLE是导致视网膜静脉阻塞的全身病变之一。SLE并发视网膜静脉阻塞的患者其视力及视网膜静脉和毛细血管屏障功能损害严重，病变与SLE活动程度相关,并可合并其他眼部或全身性病变. （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：201-268）     

系统性红斑狼疮晚期并发眶尖综合征伴视网膜中央动脉阻塞

系统性红斑狼疮晚期并发眶尖综合征伴视网膜中央动脉阻塞辽宁中医学院附属医院张　瑞，徐茂生，刘玉铁患者肖×，女，２７岁，６年前面部生红斑，关节痛伴间歇性发热，在中国医大一院诊断为系统性红斑狼疮，冲击量激素治疗后症状缓解，以口服强地松２０ｍｇ／日维持，病情...     

系统性红斑狼疮眼底病变发展的临床观察

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)眼底病变发展的临床特征.方法 回顾分析我院就诊随访的SLE视网膜病变患者26例,总结该病眼底病变发展转归的临床特点.结果 SLE视网膜病变的发展与全身病情的进展密切相关.初期多表现为程度不同的棉绒斑,血管迂曲扩张,小片出血.随着病情的进展,眼底表现为血管炎性反应、广泛出血、血管阻塞.病变进展到晚期,视网膜大片血管闭塞呈白线状、视神经萎缩苍白,视功能严重受损.结论 眼底检查不但能检测SLE眼底损害的进展,也为全身疾病的治疗及预后评估提供参考依据.     

视网膜静脉阻塞的抗心磷脂抗体检测

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测９５名正常人和３０名视网膜静脉阻塞患者血清中的抗心磷脂抗体（ＡＣＡ），发现１名正常人（１．１％）和７名患者（２３．３％）血清中检测到ＡＣＡ（ＩｇＧ型和ＩｇＭ型）。提示ＡＣＡ这一血栓形成的新的高危因素与视网膜静脉阻塞的发病有关。讨论了ＡＣＡ的作用机理等。     

系统性红斑狼疮视网膜病变三例

系统性红斑狼疮（ｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｃｌｕｐｕｓｅｒｙｔｈｅｍａｔｏｓｕｓ,ＳＬＥ）为一病因不明的炎性结缔组织病。主要发生在青年女性,侵犯全身多种组织和器官,视网膜血管为其好发部位。大多数病例血清抗体包括抗ＤＮＡ抗体呈阳性,提示ＳＬＥ为自身免疫性疾病。作者...     

系统性红斑狼疮患者黄斑区视网膜微血管变化特征

目的：利用高分辨率光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术（OCTA）探究系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者黄斑区 视网膜微血管形态的早期变化特征。方法：系列病例研究。收集2018年5─11月在温州医科大学附属 第二医院风湿免疫科门诊就诊的SLE患者31例（62眼）,分为狼疮性视网膜病（LR）组10例（17眼）和 非狼疮性视网膜病（NLR）组24例（45眼）。同时招募与疾病组年龄、性别匹配的正常成年人35例（35眼） 作为正常对照组。应用OCTA对所有受检者黄斑区视网膜行3 mm×3 mm模式扫描,获得黄斑区浅 层及深层视网膜微血管图像,并用本实验室自行编写的分析程序将视网膜血流灌注图进行骨架化分 析,获得去除中央无血管区（FAZ,0.6 mm）的总环区域（TAZ）以及进一步4分区（S、T、I、N）的浅 层及深层视网膜骨架化毛细血管密度（RCD）。此外,以系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动度评分（SLEDAI） 对疾病组进行评分。采用独立样本t检验和方差分析等进行数据分析。结果：在浅层视网膜TAZ区 域以及S、T、I、N各分区,NLR组和LR组的RCD值均低于正常对照组,且LR组相较于NLR组更低, 这些差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在深层视网膜,3组之间的差异不如浅层明显,仅发现LR组在N 区域的RCD值较NLR组明显下降（P=0.022）,且LR组在除T外其他3个分区的RCD值均较正常对照组 明显下降（P<0.05）。此外,LR组的SLEDAI评分显著高于NLR组（P=0.006）,且LR组的SLE并发症, 如狼疮性肾炎和神经精神性狼疮的发生率均更高（分别为50% vs. 25%,10% vs. 4%）。结论：OCTA能 有效检测SLE患者黄斑区视网膜微血管形态的早期改变。SLE患者无明显眼底及视力损伤时,浅层视 网膜RCD即发生显著性改变,推测其可能可以作为监测SLE视网膜损害的早期生物学特征。     

抗磷脂抗体及凝血因子Ⅻ缺乏与视网膜静脉阻塞的相关研究

目的观察抗磷脂抗体（APA）及凝血因子Ⅻ（FⅫ）缺乏在视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）发病中的作用。方法对RVO患者33例（33眼）及正常对照组30例（30眼）,采用ELISA法检测抗心磷脂抗体（ACA）（IgG、IgM、IgA）;APTT法检测LA;一期法测定FⅫ活性。采用Fisher检验进行统计学分析。结果RVO组APAs总阳性率24.24%（8/33）与对照组6.67%（2/30）比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.085）。RVO组ACA阳性率18.18%（6/33）与对照组（0/30）比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.025）。≤50岁组及〈50岁组RVO患者LA总阳性率与同年龄对照组相比差异均无统计学意义（P=0.160,P=0.206）。RVO组FⅫ缺乏率42.42%（14/33）与对照组13.33%（4/30）比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）。≤50岁组及＆gt;50岁组RVO患者FⅫ缺乏与同年龄对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.206,P=0.052）。结论研究表明ACA阳性及FⅫ缺乏引起的凝血障碍与RVO发病相关。     

红斑狼疮伴视网膜中央动脉阻塞一例

患者女 ,44岁。因右眼视力下降约 1d到我院门诊就诊。以前无类似发病史。患红斑狼疮多年 ,一直用糖皮质激素治疗 ,本次发作前每天口服泼尼松 5 mg维持。眼科检查 :视力右眼0 .0 6 ,不能矫正 ,左眼 1.5 ,眼前段未见异常 ,右眼虹膜纹理清楚 ,瞳孔圆形 ,对光反射迟钝 ,左眼对光反射正常 ,右眼视盘边界清楚 ,色正常 ,视网膜动脉变细 ,后极部视网膜弥漫性水肿 ,可见到黄斑樱桃红斑 ,中心凹光反射消失 (图 1) ,左眼底正常。诊断为右眼视网膜中央动脉阻塞。第 2 d行荧光素眼底血管造影 (fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA) ,右眼在注入造影剂后…     

糖尿病视网膜病变合并视网膜静脉阻塞的临床分析

目的: 分析糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)合并视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)的眼底特征及荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)的图像特征。方法: 回顾性分析118例129眼DR合并RVO患者的视力、眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)的图像特征及相关临床资料。结果: DR合并RVO的患者118例中,双眼同时发病有11例22眼,其余皆为单眼,其中66眼表现为视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO),占51.2%,58眼表现为颞上分支静脉阻塞,占45.0%,其它分支静脉阻塞有5眼,占3.9%。FFA表现为:静脉阻塞区视网膜有大量神经纤维层出血,相应黄斑区荧光渗漏,掩盖了此眼DR的改变,对侧眼均可见DR不同级别的改变。结论: 糖尿病视网膜病变合并视网膜静脉阻塞眼底表现复杂,应与单一的糖尿病视网膜病变和视网膜静脉阻塞甄别。     

系统性红斑狼疮性肾炎的视网膜病变

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）性肾炎患者视网膜病变与SLE性肾炎主要临床观察指标之间的相互关系及其临床意义。 方法 回顾分析43例SLE性肾炎并发眼底病变患者的临床资料，用Logistic回归分析对86只眼中视网膜病变与肾脏病变、系统损害、SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)评分、抗核抗体（ANA）、抗双链DNA抗体（抗ds-DNA）、补体C3以及抗磷脂抗体等临床因素的相互关系进行统计学分析。 结果 43例患者86只眼中，并发视网膜棉绒斑51只眼，占59.3%;视盘水肿43只眼，占50.0%;视网膜出血12只眼，占14.0%; 视网膜动脉血管阻塞5只眼，占5.8%;视网膜中央静脉阻塞2只眼，占2.3%; 视网膜脱离3只眼，占3.5%;视神经萎缩2只，占2.3%;视网膜新生血管2只眼，占2.3%。视网膜棉绒斑、视盘水肿与SLEDAI评分有线性依存关系（χ2值分别为42.154和6.498，P＜0.001），与尿蛋白、血尿及肾功能程度没有相关性。视网膜血管阻塞与抗磷脂抗体存在线性关系（χ2=24.475，P＜0.001）。视网膜出血、视网膜脱离、视神经萎缩及视网膜新生血管形成均与临床因素无相关性。 结论 SLE性肾炎患者视网膜棉绒斑、视盘水肿与SLEDAI评分有线性依存关系; 视网膜血管阻塞与抗磷脂抗体存在线性关系。视网膜病变对判断患者治疗反应及预后有临床意义。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22: 239-241)     

Cerebral and retinal vascular changes in systemic lupus erythematosus

A 16-year-old white boy with acute systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with chorea and florid retinopathy died in renal failure three months after diagnosis. Pathological studies revealed two types of lesion in both the cerebral and ocular vessels. Some meningeal and choroidal vessels showed a typical vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis, whereas other meningeal and retinal vessels were occluded by amorphous hyaline material in the absence of vasculitis.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus with choroidopathy and serous retinal detachment

Systemic lupus erythematosus associated ocular manifestations usually consist of cotton-wool spots and retinal hemorrhages. The authors report one case of lupus choroidopathy revealed by bilateral serous retinal detachment, occurring 4 months after a systemic flare-up of the disease. An immune complexes-mediated phenomenon is involved in these manifestations, which are usually controlled by systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Plasma exchanges were successfully applied in this case, resulting in a disappearance of the retinal detachment in one month.     

Review of severe vaso-occlusive retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome: associations, visual outcomes, complications and treatment

Purpose: To discuss the pathogenesis of severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the association with antiphospholipid antibodies, and its implications for management and prognosis. Methods: An illustrative case history of a woman with SLE and severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is presented. A literature review of previously reported cases and previously published data on the topic was performed and forms the basis for discussion. Results: This is a rare form of retinopathy in SLE as distinct from the more common, benign form, being classically a microangiopathy with diffuse capillary non‐perfusion and small arterial or arteriolar occlusions in the retina. Poor visual outcomes with visual loss are reported in 80% of cases with neovascularization occurring in 40% of cases. It is associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, typically characterized by microthrombosis and immune complex mediated vasculopathy rather than a true vasculitis. There is a strong association between this severe form of retino­pathy and central nervous system manifestations of SLE. Anticoagulation has a role in the secondary prevention of thrombosis in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, but the role of aspirin and immunosuppression is unclear in the treatment of this condition. Vigilant ophthalmic follow up and aggressive treatment of neovascularization and vitreous haemorrhage can prevent further visual loss. These points are highlighted in the brief case report presented. Conclusion: Severe vaso‐occlusive retinopathy is a rare form of retinopathy in SLE often associated with poor visual prognosis and neovascularization. It may be a manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Treatment is aimed at preventing further thrombosis and complications arising from neovascularization.     

视网膜电图对视网膜血管阻塞的功能评估

目的：用视网膜电图评估视网膜血管阻塞的功能改变。方法：３０例视网膜中央静脉阻塞,１５例视网膜分支静脉阻塞,７例视网膜中央动脉阻塞和６例视网膜分支动脉阻塞按照ＩＳＣＥＶ的ＥＲＧ标准进行全视野网膜电图的检测。用Ｉ１蓝光、Ｉ１６红光和Ｉ１６白光估计暗视ＥＲＧ,用Ｉ１６红光和Ｉ８白光估计明视ＥＲＧ。记录ａ波和ｂ波的振幅和潜伏期及震荡电位。结果：视网膜血管阻塞的震荡电位异常率最高,其次为ｂ波;ＥＲＧ的异常率     

Severe ischemic retinopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus without antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune, multisystem disease which may affect the eyes and/or visual system in up to a third of patients. Severe retinal vaso-occlusive diseases have been rarely reported as manifestation in patients with SLE. We report the case of a 35-year-old female treated for systemic lupus erythematosus for 6 months, presented a sudden loss of vision. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography revealed severe retinal vascular occlusion. This has motivated the search for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and this was confirmed without the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies. And the treatment consisted in a laser therapy. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate that an ocular vascular event can reveal the disease and that its diagnosis is important because this disease generally affects young people and may endanger ocular and vital prognosis.     

Nocardia choroidal abscess in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Purpose: Nocardia asteroides, a respiratory saprophyte in humans, may cause localized infection of the lungs in debilitated or immunosuppressed individuals. Haematogenous spread to the eye via the choroidal circulation may result in choroidal abscess formation. Method: We report the development of a choroidal abscess in the left eye of a woman treated with steroids and cyclophosphamide for systemic lupus erythematosus. Haematogenous spread of N. asteroides from a localized infection of the lung (empyema) is thought to have been the cause of the choroidal abscess. Results: Surgical drainage of the empyema combined with intravenously administered antibiotics resulted in resolution of the choroidal abscess and improvement of vision. Conclusions: A choroidal abscess, caused by haematogenous spread of N. asteroides, may respond to appropriate systemic antibiotic treatment alone and not require ocular treatment.     

Experimental retinal vascular occlusion II

After experimentally occluding the central retinal vein and artery simultaneously at their point of entry into the optic nerve, acute retinal necrosis occurred, but not hemorrhagic retinopathy. In the retinal vasculature, stagnation of blood flow and thrombosis with subsequent recanalization was noted. The necrosis was extensive in the inner retinal layers but focal in the outer retinal layers. The internal limiting membrane was detached and disrupted in every case. Following the post-edematous stage, numerous micro and macroretinal cysts appeared. The peripheral retina showed much less ischemic changes. A clinico-pathologic correlation was made.     

Experimental retinal vascular occlusion III

The retinal changes following the simultaneous occlusion of retinal vessels were examined at an ultrastructural level. The preservation of endothelial cells that prevented leakage of blood and horseradish peroxidase tracer material in the surrounding retinal tissues explained the lack of hemorrhages observed clinically. Mueller cell death resulted in severe structural disorganization of the retina, with disruption of the inner limiting membrane, involvement of the outer retinal layers, and fleurette formation. The retinal macrocysts were derived from ischemic infarction.