热轧TRIP钢组织性能的研究

采用实验室热轧机对高硅和低硅TRIP钢(A钢和B钢)进行控制轧制试验,研究了热轧后等温淬火对热轧TRIP钢组织性能的影响.通过显微组织观察,力学性能分析,探讨了两种钢的应变诱导相变和相变诱发塑性行为.研究表明:A、B钢均能够获得铁素体、贝氏体和大量稳定残余奥氏体的混合组织,具有较高的力学性能;残余奥氏体稳定性是提供TRIP的重要因素,B钢中贝氏体和残余奥氏体较多,相变诱发塑性效果更好,其性能优于A钢;等温时间影响热轧TRIP钢的力学性能,随等温时间的延长,A、B钢的伸长率增加,等温时间超过120 min,导致碳化物析出,残余奥氏体的稳定性降低;B钢经热轧后在400 ℃等温25 min,抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到了784 MPa和36%的最高值.     

高强贝氏体基体钒微合金化TRIP钢的性能

对一种钒微合金化TRIP钢进行冷轧连续退火,研究了钢的组织特征和力学性能。结果表明,贝氏体基TRIP钢的组织由贝氏体/马氏体和少量的残余奥氏体组成。随着贝氏体区等温时间的延长,钢的抗拉强度下降,屈服强度和延伸率提高。残余奥氏体由块状向薄膜状转变,体积分数增加,薄膜状残余奥氏体主要分布在贝氏体板条间,厚度为50-90 nm。在400℃等温180 s连续退火钢板呈现出相对低抗拉强度(960 MPa)、高屈服强度(765 MPa)和高延伸率(22.0%)的特性,而且加工硬化指数(0.20)、各向异性指数(0.94)和强塑积(21120 MPa.%)也较为优良。     

热轧TRIP钢残余奥氏体及其稳定性研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸实验等方法,研究三种工艺制备的热轧TRIP钢残余奥氏体及其碳含量和稳定性.结果显示:贝氏体区停留时间对残余奥氏体量影响较大,当在贝氏体区模拟卷取时,残余奥氏体量最多;适当的增加弛豫时间,会增加最终组织中残余奥氏体的碳含量;残奥碳含量,还有残余奥氏体的形状和晶粒大小及周围...     

热轧TRIP钢的加工工艺与残余奥氏体形成的关系

低合金TRIP钢的显微组织中残余奥氏体使其具有优良的强度和延性组合。分别介绍了热轧TRIP钢在奥氏体再结晶区、未再结晶区以及临界区变形对残余奥氏体形成的影响。分析了输送台上的冷却和卷取温度对残余奥氏体形成的影响。对低合金TRIP钢残余奥氏体的形成等物理冶金学的研究可以促进该类合金的开发和推广应用。     

热轧C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢的组织与力学性能

为了探讨热轧TRIP钢的制备工艺与其组织及力学性能的关系,采用热轧控冷工艺在实验室制备了C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对试验钢的组织进行了观察,利用能谱仪对试验钢中的夹杂进行了观察.研究得到试验钢的力学性能为:σb=605 Pa,σs=440 Pa,δ=28.4%,σs/σb=0.73.定量金相检测结果表明,试验钢中三相含量分别为:残余奥氏体5.6%,铁素体67.6%,贝氏体26.8%.     

热轧钒微合金TRIP钢的微观组织和力学性能

对一种钒微合金TRIP钢进行了热轧试验,并研究其微观组织特征及力学性能.结果表明,将终轧温度控制在Ae3附近,热轧后的钒微合金TRIP钢具有由铁素体,粒状贝氏体和一定量残余奥氏体组成的复相组织.EBSD分析结果表明,其中75%以上的铁素体晶粒尺寸在l-6 μm;绝大多数晶界取向差角度位于29°-60°.当终轧温度为83...     

汽车用高强度TRIP钢组织性能及成形工艺

概述了高强度TRIP钢对汽车轻量化的作用及TRIP钢的显微组织对其性能的影响,探讨了铁素体、贝氏体、残余奥氏体的含量对TRIP钢性能的影响规律,以及设备、模具和成形工艺参数的选择原则。结果表明,TRIP钢中铁素体可以提高铜的塑性,贝氏体可以提高强度和韧性,而当残余奥氏体的体积分数大于8％时,产生TRIP效应,并提高了钢的综合性能;以上组织的获得,应在成形时控制成形设备的能量、栽荷、速度、时间等工艺参数。     

温轧工艺对纳米贝氏体相变速率、组织和力学性能的影响

采用温轧加等温热处理工艺制备纳米贝氏体钢,研究了形变温度对纳米贝氏体相变速率的影响。结果表明,形变过冷奥氏体在503 K的贝氏体等温转变时间由常规等温淬火的50 h缩短至20 h,纳米贝氏体钢的抗拉强度为2127 MPa、延伸率为4%。在实验温度范围内进行的过冷奥氏体形变均能促进纳米贝氏体相变,相变速率随着形变温度的降低而提高。过冷奥氏体形变量大于30%后残余奥氏体组织明显细化,块状残余奥氏体全部转变为薄膜状。温轧工艺可在不恶化其它力学性能的前提下加速低温贝氏体相变,从而缩短热处理时间使生产成本降低。     

强塑积大于30 GPa%的热轧中碳TRIP钢组织及性能研究

为研究贝氏体相变温度对中碳热轧TRIP钢组织与性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)与高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对含Ti与Mo的中碳热轧TRIP钢进行了显微组织观察、残余奥氏体含量测定以及析出相的表征与分析.结果表明:在400℃贝氏体相变温度下,试验钢的残奥含量与强塑积均达到最大值,分别为28.2%和31.14 GPa·%;同时在钢中发现了呈块状、无规则形状以及片层状形貌分布的残余奥氏体,对衍射斑标定后显示,片层状残余奥氏体与铁素体基体同时满足kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S)与Nishiyama-Wasserman(N-W)位向关系;HRTEM分析显示,Mo可以溶入TiC而生成(Ti,Mo)C粒子,而纳米级的(Ti,Mo)C粒子可以显著提高钢的沉淀析出强化效果.     

预奥氏体化对中Mn TRIP钢组织及力学性能的影响

为了提高钢的综合力学性能,用盐浴法对中Mn TRIP钢进行了热处理.采用SEM、TEM、XRD和拉伸测试研究了预奥氏体化处理对中Mn TRIP钢显微组织及力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:全马氏体冷轧态组织经两相区退火处理后,会析出大量渗碳体颗粒,随着退火时间延长,渗碳体颗粒逐渐溶解,马氏体组织逐渐转变为奥氏体和铁素体双相片层状组织;而在两相区退火处理前添加两相区预奥氏体化处理后,渗碳体析出被有效抑制,双相片层组织迅速形成;相比于常规两相区退火处理,预奥氏体化处理能够提高组织中残余奥氏体体积分数和综合力学性能.     

Characterization of transformed and deformed microstructures in transformation induced plasticity steels using electron backscattering diffraction

The microstructure of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels was characterized by means of electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique to identify and quantify their different microstructures such as ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite. Further, the strain distribution in ferrite and retained austenite was analyzed during deformation. The TRIP steels were annealed by austempering for different durations to investigate the effect of the austempering time on the volume fraction change of the microstructural constituents. The quantitative analysis by EBSD coupled with an image contrast analysis revealed that the amount of retained austenite decreased and the amount of bainite increased with increasing austempering time. The mechanical properties of the TRIP steels were also affected by the austempering time. The maximum elongation was obtained in the sample austempered for 5 min, probably because of the good stability of retained austenite. The strain distribution in bcc and fcc phases during tensile deformation was characterized by evaluating the changes in the average local misorientation of the phases.     

Effect of intercritical annealing on retained austenite characterization in textured TRIP-assisted steel sheet

Optimization of high strength and high formability of multiphase cold rolled sheet TRIP-aided steels is based on the composition and the austempering conditions. The effect of intercritical annealing temperature on the volume fraction and carbon concentration of the retained austenite was investigated in two different TRIP-aided steels. Experimental results show that the optimum annealing temperatures are 860 °C for Al-containing and 810 °C for Si-containing TRIP steels. It was demonstrated that the measurement of retained austenite can be successfully performed for textured TRIP steels by XRD.     

Influence of Hot Deformation and Subsequent Austempering on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Multiphase Steel

Influence of hot deformation and subsequent austempering on the mechanical properties of hot rolled multiphase steel was investigated. Thermo-mechanical control processing （TMCP） was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill, where three different kinds of finishing rolling reduction, and austemperings with various isothermal holding duration were applied. The results have shown that a multiphase microstructure consisting of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite and larger amount of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by controlled rolling processes. Mechanical properties increase with increasing the amount of deformation because of the stabilization of retained austenite. Ultimate tensile strength （σb）, total elongation （σ） and the product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation （σb-σ） reach the maximum values （791 MPa, 36% and 28476 MPa%, respectively） at optimal processes.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Si-AI-Mn TRIP Steel with Niobium

Microstructure consisting of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite can be obtained through intercritical annealing and isothermal treatment in bainite transformation region for low silicon TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steel containing niobium. Effects of strain rate, Nb content and soaking temperature in bainite region on microstructure and mechanical properties of test steels were investigated. It is shown that as strain rate ranges from 10^-2 to 10^-4 s^-1, the volume fraction of transformed martensite from retained austenite, as well as tensile strength, elongation rate and strength-ductility product, increases. When Nb is added, the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases, but tensile strength and yield strength increase. While Nb content reaches 0.014%, the steel exhibits high elongation and combination of strength and ductility. Higher retained austenite volume fraction and good mechanical properties are obtained in the test steels when the soaking temperature in bainite region is 400℃. The maximum values of tensile strength, total elongation rate and strength-ductility product can reach 739 MPa, 38% and 28082 MPa%, respectively.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Si-Al-Mn TRIP Steel with Niobium

Microstructure consisting of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite can be obtained through intercritical annealing and isothermal treatment in bainite transformation region for low silicon TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel containing niobium. Effects of strain rate, Nb content and soaking temperature in bainite region on microstructure and mechanical properties of test steels were investigated. It is shown that as strain rate ranges from 10-2 to 10-4 s-1, the volume fraction of transformed martensite from retained austenite,as well as tensile strength, elongation rate and strength-ductility product, increases. When Nb is added, the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases, but tensile strength and yield strength increase. While Nb content reaches 0.014%, the steel exhibits high elongation and combination of strength and ductility. Higher retained austenite volume fraction and good mechanical properties are obtained in the test steels when the soaking temperature in bainite region is 400℃. The maximum values of tensile strength, total elongation rate and strength-ductility product can reach 739 MPa, 38% and 28082 MPa%, respectively.     

Mechanical and Transformation Behaviors of a C-Mn-Si-Al-Cr TRIP Steel under Stress

Transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） steels combine high strength and excellent ductility, making them suited for application in crash-relevant parts in the automotive industry. However, the high Si contents in the conventional TRIP steel will generate surface defects on the hot rolled strip, which is difficult to process in continuous galvanizing lines. In order to solve the above problem the TRIP steel with the addition of Al replacing majority of Si was designed. In the present paper, the volume fraction of various phases in a C-Mn-Si-Al-Cr TRIP steel was determined by metallographic examination and X-ray diffraction analysis, and the multi-phase microstructures were characterized using an atomic force microscope based on their height difference. Tensile tests were performed at different temperatures ranging from -40℃ to 90℃. The results show that transition temperature Ms^σ in the present TRIP steel cannot be determined due to its lower volume fraction of retained austenite, different from the conventional TRIP steel. While the yield stress and tensile strength at different temperatures are higher than those of the conventional TRIP steel, which is attributed to the addition of Cr. In order to evaluate the effect of martensitic transformation on the total elongation, the sample without retained austenite obtained by quenching in liquid nitrogen was carried out under tensile test. The results indicate that the elongation of the original sample containing 9% retained austenite is about 20% higher than that of the sample quenched in liquid nitrogen, which demonstrates that the retained austenite plays an important role in improving the elongation of the TRIP steel.     

A carbide-free bainitic steel with high-ductility by dynamic transformation during coiling process

A new hot-rolled alloy of carbide-free bainite has been proposed for heavy trucks frames. It involves dynamic bainite transformation during the prolonged cooling of the coiling process after hot-rolling. The new hot-rolled Fe-0.5C-2.9Mn-2.3Al (in wt-%) steels exhibit tensile strength of 1110?MPa with a combined total elongation of 35%. The alloy has been re-heat-treated with one step and two steps isothermal bainitic transformation to study the effect of microstructure evolution and microstructure-property relationship. The transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect of retained austenite has been discussed and revealed as the main contributor for the high ductility of bainitic steels. The formation of the cracks at fracture regions after tensile deformation, which is associated with the austenite stability and morphology, has been observed and discussed.