地理实体概念及其位置关系的获取和验证

文本知识获取（Knowledge acquisition from text，简称KAT）是知识工程中的一个重要研究课题。重点研究如何从大规模Web网页文本中获取地理实体概念及其位置关系知识，本文首先介绍了如何自动和半自动地获取这些地理实体概念及其位置关系的文法模式，建立文法模式库；然后基于文法模式库获取例句来抽取候选概念并进行概念验证；最后利用基于图论的方法构造位置关系图，利用地理领域特定规则进行分析验证。作为统一概念图管理下概念空间的一个重要组成部分，地理实体概念及其位置关系本身不仅是知识库的一个重要部分，还可为知识库中其它领域的知识提供支持。     

面向观点挖掘的汽车评价本体知识库的构建

建立了面向观点挖掘的汽车评价本体知识库,可为挖掘汽车整体信息和特性信息观点提供强大的数据资源.以汽车领域知识为背景,根据汽车知识的关系,构建了汽车评价本体知识库的概念关系.在此基础上,利用Web汽车评论真实语料库,自动获取了本体知识库中的核心概念.最后,采用OWL描述语言,构建了面向观点挖掘的本体知识库.     

一个领域自然语言理解的知识获取工具的设计实现

本文介绍了一个基于知识的自然语言理解系统和系统的知识库中知识的表示模式,描述了知识库中领域过程树的知识获取过程。根据领域过程树的知识表示模式,本文设计并实现了一个知识获取工具,很好地提高了领域过程树知识获取的速度和准确度。     

面向概念的通用知识获取系统

本文提出的面向概念的知识获取系统是一个能理解基本逻辑和自然语言的通用知识获取环境。系统结合了人工智能(ai)、面向对象的程序设计(oop)和逻辑程序设计(Lp)等技术。系统以概念为知识基元,由概念描述器(cd)予以描述。cd是一个类框架和类对象 的结构,它由一组概念特性和属性,逻辑约束和函数式等支持。这些特性可由具体的应用而赋于实际的含义。知识库中的概念集是一个层次式的继承网络。另外系统还附有一些语义子系统,如一阶逻辑系统和简单的自然语言系统,用以各种类型的语法检查及知识的冗余、互斥及非一致性检查。系统主     

一种面向主题的Web知识检索方法

知识检索研究如何从数据和信息中抽取知识.在数据和信息日益增长的今天,知识检索显得尤为重要.现有的知识检索主要以事先构造好的知识库为基础,需要通过专家来构建和维护用于检索的知识库.然而,人工构建知识库非常耗时而且代价很高,而且,基于事先构造好的知识库的检索结果也被局限于知识库覆盖的范围,不具有动态性和时变性.本文提出了一种基于Web的面向主题的知识检索方法.该方法一方面以开放动态的Web信息为基础,支持动态即时的知识检索;另一方面,以用户选定的主题为中心,从Web信息中动态获取知识,构成与用户主题相关的知识检索结果,不局限于某个特定领域.     

面向文本的本体学习研究概述

对本体（ontology）的研究在计算机领域变得越来越广泛，但手工构造本体是一项繁琐而辛苦的任务，还会导致知识获取瓶颈。本体学习技术是利用本体工程技术和机器学习技术等众多学科技术来实现本体的（半）自动构建。本体的学习可以面向文本、知识库、结构化数据、半结构化数据和无结构数据。本文主要介绍了面向文本的本体学习，并对其中的学习内容、学习方法、学习工具、学习过程和系统评价等关键技术进行了说明，特别介绍了学习方法中的基于统计的方法、词汇句法模式法和形式概念分析法并对其优缺点做了简单的分析。     

基于本体的几何学知识获取及知识表示

文中研究了基于本体的几何学知识获取,并运用此方法获取几何学领域中的类、属性、关系及公理等;同时,研究了基于本体的知识表示,并将几何学知识转化为该领域本体,用RDF/OWL的形式进行描述.在此基础上构建了一个可共享、可重用、可扩展的几何学本体,形成了一套较完整的几何学知识获取和知识表示体系,将其应用于建立几何学知识库,可大大提高知识搜索和知识推理的效率,并为几何学专家系统、几何学信息检索、几何学教育系统、自然语言理解等领域提供智能基础.     

基于多Web信息源的主题概念网络获取

Wikipedia一方面能够提供关于特定百科条目的概念性描述;另一方面,也通过分类系统将这些百科条目组织成一个概念网络.它对信息的广泛覆盖和有效组织使其成为了自动化知识获取的常用信息源.然而,仅仅依靠Wikipedia自身的信息,还不足以准确地刻画其内部概念间的关联性知识,而这是符号化知识表述的一个重要组成部分.因此,提出了一种基于多Web信息源的主题概念网络获取方法.它以Wikipedia的分类系统为基础,同时利用搜索引擎收集相关的Web信息作为关联性知识验证和发现的参照系,并通过集成信息检索和自然语言处理等领域的方法,实现了以给定的主题词为核心,在Wikipedia分类系统对应的概念网络中获取面向该主题的概念网络,同时网络内的概念间关系得到识别和标注.我们基于不同领域的主题词进行了实验,对实验结果的经验性评估展示了所获取的主题概念网络既能满足面向主题的要求,其内部的概念关联性知识又具备了一定的精度要求.     

面向机械设计的知识获取环境

在开发机械设计专家系统时，需要有效的知识获取环境，本文介绍了一个针对机械设计知识的特点所研制的面向机械设计领域的知识获取环境ＭＤＫＡＳ，其内容包括：知识表示和获取，知识库的组织，维护，管理及各种辅助模块，该系统在微机上用ＧＣＬＩＳＰ实现，经过运行使用，效果良好。     

基于伪自然语言理解的CAI开发平台

基于伪自然语言理解,提出并实现了一个种高效率的知识获取方法,并把它用一诉开发中。首先知识工程师利用来自然语言的ＢＬ语言 写书本自然描述,然后利用知识编译系统处理ＢＬ程序以高效率地实现书本知识获取,再后领域专家在书本知识库的基本语义呆引导下利用知识求精系统对书本知识库加以少许求精,接着对领域知识库动态全局规划,把领域知识分解成一个个概念,最后通过方法生成组织成一个个课文传授予学生。     

Causal design knowledge: Alternative representation method for product development knowledge management

This paper presents a mathematical comparison of procedural knowledge and causal knowledge, and discusses the potential roles and feasibility of causal knowledge across product development knowledge management. Since reuse of knowledge is so important in product development, various knowledge management approaches have been introduced. Most of the product design knowledge is represented by procedural knowledge, which unfortunately requires cumbersome processes to define, and is typically inadequate for representing the kind of knowledge generated during the product development process. A causal knowledge representation, however, can help us to overcome this limitation and is an alternative formalism for representing product design knowledge. In this paper we compare the procedural and causal knowledge representations. We present the mathematical definitions of two knowledge paradigms, then mathematically describe the relationship between the two. Both knowledge paradigms are then compared based on the perspective of knowledge expression, decision alternative representation, reasoning capability, and knowledge cultivation. This paper concludes that causal knowledge representation is superior to procedural knowledge representation based on the four perspectives. Finally, the knowledge systems are modeled using Systems Modeling Language (SysML), and we present a case study that demonstrates the causal knowledge features using a realistic example from industry.     

The Role of Cognitive Modeling for User Interface Design Representations: An Epistemological Analysis of Knowledge Engineering in the Context of Human-Computer Interaction

In this paper we review some problems with traditional approaches for acquiring and representing knowledge in the context of developing user interfaces. Methodological implications for knowledge engineering and for human-computer interaction are studied. It turns out that in order to achieve the goal of developing human-oriented (in contrast to technology-oriented) human-computer interfaces developers have to develop sound knowledge of the structure and the representational dynamics of the cognitive system which is interacting with the computer.We show that in a first step it is necessary to study and investigate the different levels and forms of representation that are involved in the interaction processes between computers and human cognitive systems. Only if designers have achieved some understanding about these representational mechanisms, user interfaces enabling individual experiences and skill development can be designed. In this paper we review mechanisms and processes for knowledge representation on a conceptual, epistemological, and methodologieal level, and sketch some ways out of the identified dilemmas for cognitive modeling in the domain of human-computer interaction.     

知识工程中使用演绎逻辑的局限性

本文简要归纳了演绎逻辑在知识工程中的作用,着重分析了演绎逻辑在知识表达、推理、问题求解、逻辑程序设计等方面以及作为专家系统说明语言与分析工具的局限性。     

智能数学在有机化学中的应用

智能数学研究智能的数学表达及知识工程的数学原理,由于它能为知识表示、知识推理及知识获取等提供某些数学方法和数学模型,形成人工智能的一种数学理论,已受到国内外学术界的关注。人工智能是新技术革命的带头学科之一,但目前尚无数学理论。智能数学的引进正好填补这个空白。本文以某些化学专家系统为例说明智能数学在有机化学中的应用。     

Efficient Implementation of Semantic Relations in Lexical Databases

In this paper we develop a formalization of semantic relations that facilitates efficient implementations of relations in lexical databases or knowledge representation systems using bases. The formalization of relations is based on a modeling of hierarchical relations in Formal Concept Analysis. Further, relations are analyzed according to Relational Concept Analysis, which allows a representation of semantic relations consisting of relational components and quantificational tags. This representation utilizes mathematical properties of semantic relations. The quantificational tags imply inheritance rules among semantic relations that can be used to check the consistency of relations and to reduce the redundancy in implementations by storing only the basis elements of semantic relations. The research presented in this paper is an example of an application of Relational Concept Analysis to lexical databases and knowledge representation systems (cf. Priss 1996) which is part of a larger framework of research on natural language analysis and formalization.     

基础信息层经验规则的一种表达方法

该文讨论在复杂的大型辅助决策系统中,构造智能决策规则模型的一种方法。这是一种基于决策表的知识表示方法。它在传统决策表的基础上,吸收了产生式规则、框架表示法、模糊理论、关系模型等多种方法的思想和技术,把传统决策表加以扩展,得到了一种结构性好、表达能力强、可操作性较好的智能决策表达工具,用来表示大型辅助决策系统中的复杂领域知识,将其中松散的经验规则形式化成智能决策规则模型,从而增强其结构性和可操作性,有效支持对其它信息的操作。     

The elements of an open KBS infrastructure

This paper describes the elements of an open knowledge based system infrastructure. These are: standard knowledge representation systems; a knowledge interchange format; a knowledge manipulation and query language; common shared ontology and an agent based software engineering model. These elements provide the means to achieve Knowledge Sharing and Reuse between heterogeneous knowledge based systems. The elements have been adopted as the basis of the conceptual design for the Advanced Technology Operations System ATOS being designed by the European Space Agency ESA.     

知识库系统的原理及其在智能搜索引擎中的应用

本文主要讨论知识库系统的原理,探讨了知识的定义,知识的表示方法,知识库以及知识库系统的体系结构等。在此基础上,讨论了知识库系统在智能搜索引擎中的应用。     

产品配置的知识表示

为按照用户的需要定制售卖产品的公司提供支持的基于知识的配置系统,产品配置器是人工智能技术的一个重要应用.本文首先描述了配置问题及其相关概念,然后分析了某些配置知识表示的优缺点,在此基础上提出了产品配置知识的图形表示方法,最后讨论了目前的一些热点研究问题.     

The evolutionary perspective of knowledge creation – A mathematical representation

Since knowledge and its strategic applications have now become a major source of competitive advantage for organizations, the lifeblood of organizations is to possess the capabilities for acquiring, creating, sharing, diffusing, utilizing, and storing knowledge among organizational members. Among the capabilities, knowledge creation is the major resource of organizational innovation and it, therefore, plays a more crucial role in developing a sustained competitive advantage for organizations, especially in a dynamic environment. Although numerous papers have studied the issue of knowledge creation, those papers focused on conceptualizing the process of knowledge creation and did not investigate the concrete problem of knowledge creation. In the current paper, a mathematical representation of knowledge creation based on an evolutionary perspective is used to understand: (1) if knowledge can be created; (2) how knowledge is created; (3) under what conditions knowledge can be created; (4) the partial effects of variables which affect the process of knowledge creation.