边界网关协议BGP-4的应用分析

边界网关协议(BGP)是自治系统间的路由协议,用于在自治系统间交换网络可达性信息.文章分析了BGP-4在大规模网络的应用中所遇到的几个问题,利用BGP-4丰富的路由策略,给出了相应的解决技术.     

区分自治系统关系的域间路由体系研究

BGP-4是Internet采用的惟一域间路由协议，但它并不能确保路由收敛，复杂的网络结构加剧了路由潜在振荡的危险性．为此，提出了一种自约束的域间选路机制，在不违反传统流量工程原则和自治系统间结算原则的前提下，通过抑制违背自治系统间关系的路由通告和路由选择，达到维护全系统路由稳定的目的；对昕提方案的技术可行性进行论证，给出了新的选路机制原型系统的定义和关键算法的实现．区分自治系统关系的域间路由体系有效回避了路由策略一致性全局检测这一NP-complete问题．     

基于事件驱动的边界网关协议BGP-4的设计与实现

边界网关协议BGP(border gateway pr otocol)是Internet上用于自治系统之间交换路由信息的动态路由协议.介绍了在清华大学研 制的国产高性能路由器中分布式路由协议BGP-4的具体实现.为了实现这一复杂的动态协议, 提出基于事件驱动的设计和实现方法.事件驱动机制能够精确地反映网络报文交换行为的实 现机制,因而很适合Internet高层协议的实现.该方法也可以用于实现其他的Internet高层协议.     

一种基于FSM的BGP-4协议模糊测试方法

BGP-4路由协议的安全性对于保障整个网络安全、可靠运行具有重要意义。现有的模糊测试方法在对BGP-4协议测试时存在状态测试困难、测试用例冗余等问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于有限状态机的BGP-4协议模糊测试方法BFuzz,设计了测试序列生成算法TSGF（Test Sequences Generation for Fuzzing）和测试用例生成算法TCGVF（Test Cases Generation based on Vulnerable Fields）,实现了原型系统BFuzzer。测试结果表明该方法能够有效地挖掘BGP-4协议中的漏洞。     

小议BGP-4+在IPV6网络中的应用

ARPANET的构架师们在20世纪80年代就已经意识到AS间的可达协议,对维持快速增长的网络持续可控发展的重要性.最初发展出了EGP,但随着AS之间的互联逐渐向着复杂的网状拓扑发展,由于EGP无法检测路由环路,收敛的速度又极慢,同时缺乏对路由策略的支持机制,最终导致其无法胜任在复杂网络下的路径选择.BGP的出现替代了EGP在互联网中的作用,BGP经历了3个版本最终在1995年RFC1771规定了BGP-4.我们现在使用的BGP版本为4+.即支持多种协议的BGP4版本,同时支持IPV4和1PV6两种网络层协议,下面通过实验探究BGP-4+在IPV6与IPV4混合网络中的应用.     

BGP路由策略对路由稳定性的影响分析

在Internet中,域间的路由是由域间路由协议控制的。边界网关协议（BGP）是广泛使用的用于在各个自治系统之间交换网络可达信息的域间路由协议。BGP允许每个自治系统实施各种本地路由策略。用以进行路由的选择和传播。然而,不同的自治系统所制定的本地路由策略可能存在潜在的冲突,从而导致路由的振荡。该文给出了一个BGP的抽象模型,并通过实例分析BGP路由策略对路由稳定性的影响。     

边界网关协BGP-4路由稳定性研究

边界网关协议（BGP)是自治域间的路由协议，用于在全球因特网AS之间交换网络可达性信息。BGP是路径向量协议，在选择一个最佳路由时允许每一个自治系统用基于策略的度量值来重载基于距离的度量值。将一组独立地定义BGP策略的自治系统组织在一起时，很可能就导致BGP协议的摆动，即不能聚集在一个稳定的路由中，该文着重分析了边界网关协议BGP－4路由稳定性问题和相应的解决技术。     

BGP在IPV6中的研究与实现

路由协议BGP-4 是对BGP-4为了适应IPv6而做了些改动：①以NEXT HOP信息与特定的网络层协议相联系的功能；②以NLRI与特定的网络层协议相联系的功能。增加定义了两种BGP属性：MP_REACH_NLRI和MP_UNREACH_NLRI，并说明了如何用这两种属性来宣告IPv6路由信息。说明了在Linux操作系统下，利用Zebra路由软件如何在IPv6路由器上实现BGP-4 。     

IPv6域间路由分析和可视化

介绍了BGP．4＋协议，详细说明了一种全球IPv6 BGP路由图的生成原理。某犬学IPv6分配自治系统AS号65000，孝加入了CERNET IPv6实验床BGP联网实验计划后，从BGP．4＋联网路由信息交换过程中获得了犬量的BGP-4＋交换路由，对BGP．4＋路由联网实验输出的交换路由信息进行了分析，并生成了全球IPv6 BGP路由拓扑图n     

基于协议集成测试系统的BGP—4协议测试

针对BGP-4作为路由协议的特点,对现有测试方法进行了分析,选择了测试方法和测试结构;对参考实现进行了扩展,引入了动态计算等子模块以增强测试能力;TTCN格式的测试集采用自动生成和手工编写相结合的方式,以提高覆盖率;BGP-4测试在协议集成测试系统（PITS）上进行,测试发现了包括Cisco产品在内的BGP-4协议实现中的错误,证实了测试工作的有效性,测试成果促进了国产高性能路由器的开发与改进,为其他路由协议的测试提供了有益的借鉴,同时增加强了PTTS系统的测试能力,扩大了系统的适用范围。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.