多壁碳纳米管负载纳米二氧化钛的制备及其分散性研究

在超声波震荡作用下,采用浓硝酸浸泡,对多壁碳纳米管( MWCNTs)进行纯化;以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载纳米二氧化钛的MWCNTs,并研究了不同处理工艺对MWCNTs分散性能的影响.利用TEM,XRD分析分别对MWCNTs的形貌和物相组成进行表征.结果表明:采用浓硝酸浸泡可以有效地纯化MWCNTs;利用溶胶-凝胶法可以在MWCNTs表面负载纳米TiO2;纯化、负载纳米TiO2和超声波震荡可以提高MWCNTs在乙醇中的分散性.     

铜负载二氧化钛复合材料的制备及其抗菌性能

以二氧化钛纳米颗粒和硫酸铜溶液为原料,在紫外线灯的照射下进行铜负载二氧化钛纳米带复合材料制备,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、抑菌圈法、细菌比浊法等分析技术研究了所制备负载纳米带复合材料的微观结构及抗菌性能。结果表明,纳米二氧化钛粒子在水热条件下可生长成纳米带,铜均匀负载在纳米带上,从而制备出铜负载二氧化钛纳米带复合材料,负载程度可以通过更改照射时间、硫酸铜浓度等条件进行微调;该负载纳米带复合材料对革兰氏菌有很好的抗菌性能,且负载程度越高,产物抗菌性能越大。     

微波法制备组成可控Cu1-xNix/MWCNTs复合材料及其磁性能

在不加表面活性剂的条件下,采用微波法制备碳纳米管负载组成可控的Cu1-xNix/MWCNTs (x=0.5,0.6,0.8)纳米复合材料,其结构和形貌通过XRD,TEM,SEM,EDX,FT-IR等技术进行表征,用VSM测试了材料的磁性能.结果表明:组成可控近似球形的Cu1-xNix合金纳米粒子均匀地负载在碳纳米管表面;Cu1-xNix合金为面心立方结构,当Ni含量增加时合金的晶格常数和粒径都逐渐减小;随着铜镍合金中Ni含量的增加,Cu1-xNix/MWCNTs复合材料的饱和磁化强度(Ms)增大,矫顽力(Hc)减小.另外,探讨了纳米复合材料的形成机理.     

表面沉积铜纳米颗粒的细菌纤维素/壳聚糖交联复合膜的制备及其抗菌性能研究

通过戊二醛交联制备了细菌纤维素/壳聚糖复合材料,并采用磁控溅射技术在交联复合膜表面沉积铜(Cu)纳米颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜观察纳米纤维膜表面形貌,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、热重分析仪和X射线衍射仪比较交联复合前后以及镀铜前后复合膜基本化学结构、热稳定性和晶面结构的变化。通过能量色散X射线光谱对壳聚糖和铜在复合膜表面的分布情况进行表征。同时借助抗菌实验探究复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌能力。结果表明:壳聚糖与细菌纤维素发生了有效交联,改变了细菌纤维素的基本形貌、化学结构、晶体形态以及热学性能,并且镀铜后交联复合膜的抗菌性能得到了明显的提升(膜与细菌接触20min,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌效果均达到了99.999%)。     

多壁碳纳米管抗菌性研究

将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和聚氨酯(PU)制得MWCNTs-PU纳米材料。研究MWCNTs-PU纳米材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果。实验结果表明:MWCNTs能够均匀分散在PU中,增加了MWCNTs的比表面积,制得的MWCNTs-PU纳米材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达到100%。     

纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维抗菌性能、力学性能研究

通过对纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维进行抗菌性能研究,结果表明,纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色链球菌等微生物有明显的抗菌效果,抗菌15h,抗菌率均达90%以上;纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效率高于非纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维对其的抗菌效率.力学性能测试表明:纳米铜/聚丙烯腈纤维的断裂强力、初始模量、应力均优越于非纳米级铜/聚丙烯腈纤维.     

功能化碳纳米管负载钯纳米催化剂提高苯甲醇选择性氧化

对多壁碳纳米管进行纯化和功能化处理,比较了未氧化处理与经浓硝酸和浓硫酸混酸(浓硫酸与浓硝酸体积比为3∶1)处理后的不同多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体的Pd催化剂(Pd/MWCNTs)的分散性和粒径。利用X线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等测试手段对所得的样品进行了表征。结果表明,MWCNTs表面不修饰不利于金属Pd纳米粒子的沉积,混酸处理使MWCNTs表面有大量的含氧活性基团,能够促进负载的Pd纳米粒子均一分布,明显提高了苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛的选择性和转化率。     

氧等离子改性碳纳米管负载SnO2的气敏性能研究

以辉光放电氧等离子改性的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与氯化锡(SnCl4)为原料,采用液相沉积法制备出多壁碳纳米管负载纳米SnO2复合材料。使用X-射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱和透射电镜(TEM)对MWCNTs/SnO2复合材料进行表征。结果表明:氧等离子改性能够显著地增加MWCNTs中的含氧基团,MWCNTs负载金红石结构的SnO2纳米颗粒均匀地附着在MWCNTs外侧,管径约40nm。对复合材料进行气敏性测试发现该传感器对一氧化碳具有高度的响应和恢复能力。     

GO-nAg复合材料的制备及其抗菌性能研究

采用化学还原法在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面负载纳米银(nAg),制备纳米银-氧化石墨烯复合抗菌材料(GO-nAg)。透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线能量色散谱(EDS)表征结果表明,纳米银成功地负载在GO表面,纳米银分散良好。以大肠杆菌为目标细菌,对GO-nAg、纳米银以及GO的抗菌活性进行比较,实验结果表明,GO-nAg未表现出很强的抗菌性,且与纳米银抗菌效果基本一致,而GO抗菌效果更好。     

微波法合成Co1-xNix/MWCNTs纳米复合材料及磁性研究

采用微波法在不加表面活性剂的条件下合成碳纳米管负载组成可控的Co1-xNix/MWCNTs(x=0.2、0.5、0.6、0.8)纳米复合材料,通过XRD、TEM、SAED和EDX等技术进行表征,用VSM测试了样品的磁性.结果表明,Co1-xNix纳米粒子均匀地负载在碳纳米管表面;当x=0.2、0.5、0.6、0.8时,...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.