手术显微镜下切除掌腱膜治疗掌腱膜挛缩症的方法及体会

１８２３年法国Ｄｕｐｕｙｔｒｅｎ报告掌腱膜挛缩症是由于掌腱膜挛缩而引起的手部继发性畸形。我院自１９８０年以来，在手术显微镜下切除掌腱膜治疗掌腱膜挛缩症２１例，收到良好的效果。１临床资料本组男１８例，女３例，年龄１９～７４岁，平均５３岁。工人１７例，干...     

重度掌腱膜挛缩症的显微外科治疗及临床康复

目的探讨重度掌腱膜挛缩症的治疗方法和效果。方法对9例（12侧）重度掌腱膜挛缩症患者，采用多“Z”形为主的切口，显微镜下锐性分离受累手指的神经血管柬，彻底切除病变组织，彻底止血后无张力下直接缝合或“V—Y”成形闭合，对皮肤缺损者采用全厚皮片植皮。术后第3天在医师指导下进行主被动伸屈功能锻炼．根据手指肿胀情况调整锻炼强度。切口愈合后应用背侧弹性支具加强伸屈功能锻炼，支具应用3个月以上。结果术后切口均愈合，植皮全部成活。平均随访10个月，依据TAM评定标准。优良率91．7％。结论采用显微手术技术切除病变组织结合术后康复锻炼是治疗重度掌腱膜挛缩症的有效方法。     

掌腱膜挛缩症的诊治分析

掌腱膜挛缩症是以手部掌腱膜增殖性纤维变性为典型病理特征的疾病,病变处的掌腱膜呈索条状或结节状改变,并累及表层皮肤,从而导致掌指关节和指间关节屈曲挛缩[1]。本文回顾了我科从1998年6月至2004年4月收治的5例掌腱膜挛缩症的患者,均行手术治疗,术后效果满意。1资料与方法1.1     

掌腱膜部分切除术治疗掌腱膜挛缩症17例

掌腱膜挛缩症是以掌腱膜增生、收缩引起手指屈曲挛缩为特征的一种系统性进行性疾病，病因不清，治疗现多倾向于局限性切除即部分切除术为最常用。自1994年8月～2005年6月，我们采用掌腱膜部分切除术治疗掌腱膜挛缩症17例，疗效满意，报道如下。     

掌腱膜挛缩症中手指屈曲畸形治疗的临床研究

目的 研究掌腱膜挛缩症中手指屈曲畸形矫治方法 及其疗效.方法 本组患者17例,其中男性15例,女性2例;平均年龄58岁.均有掌腱膜挛缩症,伴小指屈曲挛缩8侧,伴环小指屈曲挛缩8侧,伴中环指屈曲挛缩1侧,伴环指屈曲挛缩2侧,共19侧.沿掌腱膜挛缩索带纵轴设计锯齿状切口,彻底切除病变的挛缩腱膜组织及其附近5 mm范围的腱膜组织.然后稍加外力松解指关节周围的挛缩组织,使手指恢复伸直位.术后2周给予手指伸直位石膏托制动.结果 所有患者随访6～24个月.锯齿形皮瓣均存活,未见神经肌腱损伤并发症.手掌部皮瓣尖角出现血运障碍2例,经换药后完全愈合.未见手指屈曲挛缩复发,手指屈伸活动度恢复优良率100%.结论 采用锯齿状切口,应注意保护皮瓣血运和指神经血管束,彻底切除松解病变的腱膜组织,可有效矫正掌腱膜挛缩引起的手指屈曲畸形,避免并发症的发生.     

关节镜下微创治疗掌腱膜挛缩症9例临床分析

目的探讨关节镜下微创治疗掌腱膜挛缩症的方法和技巧。方法回顾性分析关节镜下微创治疗掌腱膜挛缩症9例的临床诊治资料。结果 9例患者全部治愈,成功率100%。结论关节镜下微创治疗掌腱膜挛缩症是一种比较成熟的治疗方法 。     

掌腱膜挛缩症的手术治疗

1997年10月-2005年7月，我科对11例（17指）掌腱膜挛缩症的患者进行了手术治疗，效果满意。     

国人掌腱膜挛缩症69例疗效分析

目的 探讨国人掌腱膜挛缩症的发病特点与治疗效果。方法 收集本院近20年的临床69例资料，从发生率、家族史、相伴的慢性心肺疾病、吸烟饮酒生活习惯、病理组织检查和手术效果等进行回顾性分析。结果 国人的本症发生率近几年有上升趋势；有家族史的患者罕见；且常伴有影响氧交换的慢性呼吸循环系统疾患；有烟酒嗜好者占39.1%；活动期有肌成纤维细胞簇集成团及大量Ⅲ型胶原纤维的病理组织出现；常腱膜全部切除与部分切除的治疗效果无差异性。结论 戒烟戒酒及治疗慢性心肺疾病对防治国有常腱膜挛缩症有积极意义；挛缩的病理组织基础是肌成纤维细胞簇集成团及大量Ⅲ型胶原纤维形式；应用显微外彻底切除手掌、手指病变组织可防止复发。     

掌腱膜挛缩症的治疗进展

掌腱膜挛缩症（Dupuytren'sDisease）流行于北欧及其他欧美地区，是以掌腱膜增生、收缩引起手指屈曲挛缩为特征的一种病症。早在1833年GuillaumeDupuytren在巴黎就作过一个专题报告。170多年来对于该病的发病原因的探究一直是医学界关心的热门课题。近年来，杂志上有不少专题报告介绍利用分子生物学、细胞生物学遗传学技术进行掌腱膜挛缩症的基础研究，并取得了一定的进展。HandClinics在1999年还出一期专刊，特此综述供同道们参考。１掌筋膜综合体的解剖与病理１．１解剖学研究Rayan用手术显微镜和小型关节镜对10具尸体手的掌腱膜作详尽…     

掌腱膜挛缩症的免疫组化研究和电镜观察

目的 了解掌腱膜挛缩症（Ｄｕｐｕｙｔｒｅｎ挛缩）的病理表现。方法 采用免疫组化染色辅以计算机图像定量分析技术,对１５例掌腱膜挛缩症患者的１７例病变掌腱膜及９例正常掌腱膜组织标本中的Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原和α－平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达进行检测,并用透视电镜观察病变掌腱膜组织的超微结构。结果 病变掌腱膜组织中Ｉ型胶原的表达低于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;Ⅲ型胶原在病变组织中的表达略高于对照组（Ｐ〉０．０５）;α－平     

掌腱膜挛缩症50例报告

目的讨论掌腱膜挛缩症的病因，病变特点及治疗方法。方法总结和分析经手术治疗的掌腱膜挛缩症５０例７８只手。其中包括取掌腱膜作病理检查的１１例。行掌腱膜大部切除、手掌及手指挛缩皮肤“Ｚ”成形术６３只手，掌腱膜及受累皮肤一并切除后行游离植皮术１５只手。结果术后平均随访６．４年，见挛缩解除，疗效肯定，无１例复发。１４只手产生并发症如神经损伤、皮下血肿、皮片成活不良及伤口Ⅱ期愈合等占１７．８％。组织学检查结果：均为致密结缔组织增生。结论掌腱膜挛缩症国人报道较少，常发生于中、老年，男性居多，手术治疗效果肯定。为减少并发症的发生，建议在屈曲挛缩已形成功能障碍时即应手术治疗     

断肢断腕断掌再植后手内在肌挛缩51例分析

探讨断肢断腕断掌再植术后手内在肌挛缩的发病机理,结合临床经验提出分类、预防和治疗方法。方法:对51例断肢(腕、掌)再植,分别采用术中切开骨间肌肌筋膜、掌腱膜及腕横韧带;术后严重肿胀时早期切开骨筋膜室;缺血时间超过10小时者,除上述措施外尚须切断或部分切除拇收肌和骨间肌肌腹。结果:采用上述预防措施后,手内在肌挛缩的发生率明显降低。结论:本症重在预防,如能及时、果断地采取措施,效果良好。一旦发生中、重度手内在肌挛缩应尽早手术。     

The treatment of dupuytren's contracture

It is evident from a review of the literature that conservative treatment, namely, stretching, heat and massage and the use of ointments and irradiation, has failed to prevent or cure Dupuytren's contracture. Following an experience of more than twenty years, during which time I have seen 315 patients who were afflicted with this condition and have operated on more than 100 of them, I have come to the conclusion that the operation of choice is surgical excision of the involved palmar fascia. The result has been satisfactory in about 90 per cent of the cases. Subcutaneous section of the constricting bands ot palmar fascia is a satisfactory method of treating certain patients. A carefully managed program of physical therapy is necessary. A combination of excision, splinting and physical therapy results in a useful functioning extremity.     

Enzymes of glucose metabolism in palmar fascia and Dupuytren's contracture.

Several enzymes participating in glucose metabolism and some of the acid hydrolases were assayed in palmar fascia and Dupuytren's contracture with fluorometric microanalytical methods. The enzyme activities of glucose metabolism were lower in normal palmar fascia than in dermis. The fascia of Dupuytren's contracture exhibited a general increase in the enzyme activities of glucose catabolism. Little alteration was found in alanine aminotransferase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity in the lesion. Lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme activities were increased five to ten times in Dupuytren's tissue. The dermis overlying Dupuytren's contracture exhibited an increase in the enzyme activities of glucose catabolism, but to a lesser degree than did the fascia of the lesion. The epidermis of involved palmar skin displayed normal enzyme activities.     

Z成形术治疗重度臀肌筋膜挛缩症及其所致腰臀部畸形

目的探索重度臀肌筋膜挛缩症及其所致臀腰部畸形的最佳治疗方法。方法对25例重度臀肌筋膜挛缩症及其所致臀腰部畸形患者,依Z成形术原则进行挛缩带和挛缩瘢痕的松解后,将局部皮肤进行重新分配和塑形加以治疗。结果25例双侧髋关节功能完全恢复,步态正常,腰臀部形态基本平整,无坐骨神经损伤。术后随访6个月至3年,平均1．6年,无畸形复发。结论Z成形术既解除了挛缩带对关节功能的牵制,又可对局部皮肤进行重新分配,矫正挛缩造成的凹陷畸形,术后功能和外形效果均佳,是治疗重度臀肌筋膜症及其所致臀腰部畸形的良好方法。     

Regulation of proliferation and platelet-derived growth factor expression in palmar fibromatosis (Dupuytren contracture) by mechanical strain

Palmar fibromatosis (Dupuytren contracture) causes fibrosis of specific palmar fascial bands. These bands are subjected to repetitive mechanical strain in situ. Primary cell cultures were derived from (a) palmar fibromatosis from eight patients, (b) uninvolved palmar fascia (Skoog's fibers) from four of these patients and (c) normal palmar fascia from four additional patients. The cells were plated onto collagen-coated membranes either subjected to cyclic strain (25% maximal strain at 1 Hz) or without strain. Bromodeoxy uridine incorporation showed an increase in proliferation in all cultures subjected to strain. This increase was highest for palmar fibromatosis (10 to 40% nuclear incorporation, p = 0.02). Skoog's fibers and fascia from the normal individuals showed a trend (not significant) toward increase with strain (8 to 25%, p = 0.15 for Skoog's fibers, and 8 to 15%, p = 0.45 for normal fascia). Cyclic strain increased the expression of platelet derived growth factor-A relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in palmar fibromatosis (2.2 to 3.5, p = 0.05) and Skoog's fibers (0.8 to 2.0, p = 0.04). The expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was enhanced by cyclic strain only in the fibromatosis tissue (0.7 to 2.1, p = 0.04). The normal fascia did not express platelet-derived growth factor. Platelet-derived growth factor neutralizing antibody decreased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in fibromatosis cultures subjected to cyclic strain to near levels for those grown in the absence of strain (38 to 16%, p = 0.05). Conditioned medium from fibromatosis cells grown under stain showed a trend toward increased proliferation in additional fibromatosis cultures compared with conditioned medium from fibromatosis cells grown without strain (9 to 15% nuclear incorporation, p = 0.20). The observed palmar fibromatosis contracture can be partially explained on the basis of the cell's response to cyclic strain, which may be mediated by plateletderived growth factor.     

Androgen receptors in Dupuytren's contracture.

Palmar fascia tissue and cultured cells from patients with Dupuytren's contracture and from normal subjects were characterized and analyzed for androgen receptor expression. Androgen receptors have never been studied in Dupuytren's myofibroblasts and may have a role in its high male predominance. Surgical samples were collected from eight patients undergoing surgery for Dupuytren's contracture and from four patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, used as control tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue samples and on cell cultures with anti-androgen receptor, anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin, anti-fibronectin, and anti-type I and III collagen antibodies using the biotin avidin peroxidase method as revelatory system. Immunostaining for androgen receptors in tissue samples and cultured cells revealed nuclear reaction in many Dupuytren's myofibroblasts, but in few fibroblasts of the normal palmar fascia. In a double-labeling study, androgen receptors were seen to co-localize with alpha-actin in both cell cultures and tissue samples. We present the first evidence that the palmar fascia is a target tissue for androgen action and that the expression of androgen receptors in Dupuytren's contracture is considerably higher than in the normal palmar fascia. Further studies will need to evaluate whether the androgen-responsive state of the tissue is related to the high incidence of Dupuytren's contracture in the male sex.     

掌腱膜桡侧挛缩的临床特点与治疗

目的探讨掌腱膜桡侧挛缩的病变特点和临床疗效。方法对8例因掌腱膜桡侧挛缩行手术治疗的病例进行回顾性研究。8例的病变均位于虎口和大鱼际区域，表现为皮肤纠集、结节和条索，很少影响拇指的活动范围。均手术切除局部的掌腱膜条索。7例患者获得随访，平均随访25．1个月；1例失访。结果掌腱膜桡侧挛缩多与尺侧挛缩并发，手术治疗总体疗效较好，仅有1例复发。术后病理证实切除的组织为挛缩的掌腱膜。结论掌腱膜桡侧挛缩的发病部位集中于第一掌指关节的掌侧、大鱼际尺侧、虎口部位和大鱼际桡侧，未见累及指问关节，手术治疗可取得良好效果。     

Chromosomal abnormalities in Dupuytren's contracture and carpal tunnel syndrome.

The cytogenetics of cell cultures derived from Dupuytren's tissue, adjacent palmar fascia and palmar skin from patients undergoing fasciectomy have been examined and the results compared to cell cultures established from palmar fascia, flexor retinaculum and palmar skin of patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in cell cultures from Dupuytren's tissue in eight of the nine patients studied. Clones of cells trisomic for chromosome 8 were found in five of the nine patients. Trisomy 8 was also present in two of five flexor retinaculum cultures from carpal tunnel syndrome cases. These findings in both Dupuytren's contracture and carpal tunnel syndrome suggest the presence of chromosomal instability in the palmar fascia. The significance of the chromosomal abnormalities is however unclear, but they indicate a possible common pathway in the onset of pathological fibrosis.