碳纤维增强水泥基阳极板导电及韧性研究

采用导电水泥基材料取代金属网作为阳极材料用于电化学除盐可有效防止金属网锈蚀、异形结构难以安装等难题.采用不同掺量、不同尺寸碳纤维制备导电水泥基材料,测试其导电性能和断裂能.试验结果表明:水泥基材料电阻率随碳纤维掺量及纤维长度增加而降低,当碳纤维长度6 mm,纤维体积掺量0.8％时水泥基材料电阻率可降低至100 Ω·cm.相比体积掺量为0.2％的水泥基材料而言,当碳纤维掺量提高到0.8％时,其28 d抗压强度提高1.48倍,破坏应变增大50％,断裂能提高1.36倍.     

碳纤维粉-钢渣水泥基复合材料的力学性能和导电性能研究

本文研究了碳纤维粉和钢渣对水泥基复合材料力学性能和导电性能的影响,结合SEM分析了水泥基复合材料的微观结构.试验结果表明:碳纤维粉的加入会提高试件的力学性能,当碳纤维粉掺量为0.5％时,钢渣替代量为45％时,3d抗折强度达到6.3 MPa,28 d抗折强度达到8.4 MPa;3 d抗压强度达到28.1 MPa,28 d抗压强度达到44.6 MPa;碳纤维粉和钢渣加入后,促进导电网络的形成,也会提高水泥基复合材料的导电性能;SEM分析表明,适量的碳纤维粉能均匀分散在体系内,形成密实的结构,从而促进体系力学性能和导电性能的提高.     

CNT-CF/水泥基材料导电性能研究

研究了碳纳米管-碳纤维水泥基材料(CNT-CF/水泥基材料)导电性能,并分析了CNT-CF/水泥基材料导电机制.研究了导电填料含量、水灰比、龄期、湿含量等因素对复合材料导电性能的影响.结果 表明:CNT-CF/水泥基材料导电性能良好,电阻率数量级控制在102 Ω·cm以下.最优导电组合配比为碳纤维掺量0.4wt％,碳纳米管掺量0.5wt％.CNT-CF/水泥基材料电阻率随碳纳米管掺量由0.1wt％增加到0.5wt％而减小,由0.5wt％增加到2.0wt％而增大.试样水灰比的提高在一定程度上能降低CNT-CF/水泥基材料电阻率.CNT-CF/水泥基材料电阻率在龄期0～7d减小趋势,在7～28 d有增大趋势.CNT-CF/水泥基材料湿含量越大,其电阻变化率越大,且二者具有良好的线性关系.     

不同种类碳纤维对水泥基材料导电和抗压强度的影响

通过在水泥基材料中掺入东丽T300、卓尔泰克PX35、中复神鹰SYT45三种不同碳纤维,研究了碳纤维种类、拨开方式对复合材料导电性能和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,碳纤维水泥基材料电阻率随着碳纤维掺量增加呈数量级降低,T300型碳纤维在低掺量下能有效降低水泥基材料电阻率。采用层层拨捻有利于纤维的分散,但在捻开过程中,纤维表面碳的损失降低了碳纤维水泥基材料导电性。SYT…45-CB碳纤维水泥基材料电阻率最大。四极法规避了电极电阻和接触电阻,所测得的电阻率更接近真实值。T300型碳纤维水泥基材料抗压强度优于PX35型碳纤维水泥基材料。层层拨捻分散方式提高纤维均布性,增加了碳纤维水泥基材料的强度。     

超高性能混凝土的制备

采用超低水胶比和高强度水泥常温养护制备超高性能混凝土,以水胶比、钢纤维的体积掺量为变化参数分析了其对超高性能混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度及拉伸性能的影响.研究结果表明:在最大密实度的情况下,混凝土的抗压强度随水胶比的增大而降低.本文钢纤维体积掺量2％,水胶比在0.12～0.22范围内,28d抗压强度随水胶比的增大先升高后降低,水胶比为0.18时,UHPC的抗压强度最大,达152.8 MPa;钢纤维体积掺量在1.7％ ～2.9％时,随掺量的增加,抗压强度、抗折强度均呈增大的趋势,在2.9％ ～3.5％时,抗压强度和抗折强度有下降的趋势,体积掺量为2.9％时,28 d抗压强度和抗折强度达到最大值,分别为153.5 MPa和37.1 MPa.综合经济性、施工性能、力学性能来看,2％为钢纤维最佳体积掺量.在最佳掺量下,拉伸应力达到峰值8.94 MPa时,拉伸应变达0.012％.     

碳纤维对导电混凝土性能和微结构的影响

导电混凝土较好的导电性能,可用于道路工程除冰,保障交通通行安全.采用碳纤维制备导电混凝土,观察其性能和微结构的变化.研究结果表明:碳纤维的掺用使得混凝土拌合物的工作性变差,但仍然能满足施工要求.随着碳纤维掺量的增加,导电混凝土的抗压强度下降,但劈拉强度增大.导电混凝土的电阻率随碳纤维掺量的增大而降低,持续通电后,呈良好的电热效应和发热效果.掺加碳纤维后,水泥石结构的密实性降低,从而导致其性能发生变化.     

羰基铁粉-碳纤维水泥基复合材料的吸波性能

采用海军研究实验室反射率测试系统,研究了单掺碳纤维和复掺羰基铁粉碳纤维水泥基复合材料在2～18GHz频率段的吸波性能.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析了复合材料微观结构和组成成分的变化.结果表明:单掺碳纤维时,在2～8GHz低频率段,反射率随碳纤维掺量增加逐渐增强;在8～18 GHz高频率段,随碳纤维掺量增加.复合材料吸...     

掺石墨水泥基导电材料的物理性能研究

本文对掺石墨水泥基导电功能材料进行了基础的开发性研究。得到水泥基材料的体积电阻，抗压强度和表观密度随石墨掺量和变化规律，以及添加聚合物，减水剂、碳纤维或片状石墨对上述物理性能的影响，并建立了水泥基材料的导电模型。上述水泥基材料的体积电阻可在１０＾７－１０＾１Ω．ｃｍ之间变化，应用领域广泛。     

碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料的温阻特性分析

为了研究温度对处在"渗滤"区的导电复合材料导电行为的影响,以乙烯基酯树脂为基体,用短切碳纤维(CF)为填料,制备了导电复合材料,研究了温度和CF体积分数的变化对复合材料体积电阻率的影响.结果表明,温度对处于"渗滤"区的导电复合材料的电学性能影响显著.当温度从20℃升到100℃时,CF体积分数为2.00%和3.04%的复合材料其体积电阻率降低了28.01%和37.38%,CF体积分数为4.03%和5.63%的复合材料其体积电阻率分别升高了3.00%和9.87%.     

不同几何尺寸纤维对水泥浆体性能的影响

选用碳纤维、微细钢纤维和普通钢纤维三种不同几何尺寸纤维,通过抗压抗折实验以及抗弯荷载曲线等方法,研究了它们对水泥基最基本层次水泥浆体的作用效果.研究结果表明,在相同体积掺量时,水泥净浆抗折与抗压以及抗弯强度均按普通钢纤维、微细钢纤维、碳纤维的次序递增,增韧作用则按此次序递减;不同掺量的同种纤维,其抗折强度与抗压强度则随纤维掺量的递增而提高;采用声发射试验,能较好地反映不同几何尺寸的纤维对净浆的增强与增韧作用.     

碳纤维和钢渣水泥基复合材料导电性及损伤识别研究

在水泥基复合材料中参入碳纤维和钢渣,以研究复合水泥基材的导电性能,结果表明,碳纤维能够显著改善水泥基材的导电性,碳纤维体积率为1.2%时,其导电性能最佳,且碳纤维对试件导电稳定性有显著影响;在碳纤维水泥基材中参入钢渣并不会显著影响试件导电性,会显著影响导电稳定性;抗压和抗折试验结果表明利用导电性判断构件是否损伤(开裂)及损伤程度在试验上是可行的。     

Partial replacement of carbon fiber by carbon black in multifunctional cement-matrix composites

Cement reinforced with discontinuous carbon fiber is known for its piezoresistivity-based strain sensing ability, its electrical conductivity and the consequent multifunctionality. The high cost of carbon fiber is disadvantageous. Both carbon fiber and carbon black (used with silica fume in the amount of 15% by mass of cement) increase the DC conductivity and the EMI shielding effectiveness of cement, but carbon fiber is more effective than carbon black. Partial (50%) replacement of carbon fiber by carbon black lowers the cost, in addition to increasing the workability, while the electrical conductivity and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness are maintained. However, the partial replacement reduces the strain sensing effectiveness. Total replacement of carbon fiber by carbon black diminishes both the conductivity and the shielding effectiveness, further reduces the strain sensing effectiveness, decreases the compressive modulus and increases the compressive strain at failure, while the compressive strength is maintained. The increased workability due to the partial replacement enables a higher total conductive admixture content to be attained. The maximum total conductive admixture content is 3.5% by mass of cement. In contrast to fiber replacement, the addition of carbon fiber to cement with carbon black decreases the compressive strength, strain at failure and density.     

Double percolation in the electrical conduction in carbon fiber reinforced cement-based materials

Electrically conductive cement-based materials are important as multifunctional structural materials. Double percolation has been observed for the first time in the electrical conduction in carbon fiber cement-based materials. It involves fiber percolation and cement paste percolation. The fiber percolation threshold increases with increasing sand/cement ratio and ranges from 0.30 to 0.80 vol.% fibers in the paste portion. The cement paste percolation threshold is between 70 and 76 vol.% carbon fiber cement paste in the mortar. A sand volume fraction of 24% or less (i.e., a sand/cement ratio of 0.75 or less) and a fiber content of 0.80 vol.% (or more) of the paste portion are recommended for attaining high conductivity. The use of a higher sand/cement ratio requires a higher fiber content to attain the same level of conductivity. For a compromise between cost and conductivity, a sand/cement ratio of 0.75 and a fiber content of 0.80 vol.% of the paste portion (corresponding to 0.59 vol.% of the mortar) is attractive. At a fixed fiber volume fraction in the paste portion, the conductivity of the mortar decreases with increasing sand/cement ratio.     

VGCF填充PVDF/PMMA复合材料导电性能的研究

以气相生长碳纤维（VGCF）为导电填料，聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）为基体制备复合型导电高分子材料。考察了填料用量、基体种类、配比以及PVDF结晶行为对复合材料导电性能的影响。结果表明，VGCF填充PMMA、PVDF、PVDF／PMMA（50／50）体系的渗滤阔值分别为5、4、3phr的填料用量。VGCF的加入会导致PVDF／PMMA体系发生微观相分离，而且VGCF会选择性富集在PVDF的非晶相中，所以PVDF／PMMA／VGCF体系的导电性呈现双重渗滤现象，该体系的体积电阻率不仅取决于富集相中VGCF的含量，而且还与PVDF相的连续性及其结晶行为密切相关。     

AC conductivity of carbon fiber–polymer matrix composites at the percolation threshold

This paper reports results on experimental investigation of the conductivity behavior of carbon fiber filled polymer composites at the percolation threshold. Two types of carbon fiber‐epoxy matrix composites have been studied and comparison of the measured data has been made. These two types of composites differ in the surface modification of carbon fibers (in one case the surface of carbon fibers is covered with polymer beads using the microencapsulation technology, in the other their surface stayed unmodified). Experimental data reveal that surface modification of carbon fibers influences greatly the DC conductivity (percolation threshold moves to higher concentrations) but does not influence the AC electrical properties. From the frequency dependence of conductivity upon fiber concentration it becomes clear that it is not possible to predict the high frequency conductivity (electromagnetic interference shielding properties) based on the DC conductivity. Percolation behavior of conductivity as a function of conductive filler concentration is typical only for DC or low frequency AC conductivity. The percolation threshold gradually vanishes for high frequencies of electromagnetic field. The temperature dependence of electrical properties has also been studied. Composites with concentration near the percolation threshold show the switch‐off effect (at the specific temperature the DC conductivity drops by several orders of magnitude). This switch‐off effect does not occur for high frequency AC conductivity.     

导电炭黑及与沥青基碳纤维并用对NBR导电、导热性能的影响

研究了导电炭黑(VXC72)用量及与沥青基短切碳纤维(CF)并用对丁腈橡胶(NBR)的力学性能及导电、导热性能的影响;并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察填料的分散状态,同时考察了双辊开炼机对CF长径比的剪切破破坏程度。结果表明,随VXC72用量的增加,NBR/VXC72硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和导热系数基本呈线性增加;体积电阻率呈阶梯形下降,逾渗阈值为25 phr。随VXC72/CF并用比的增大,NBR硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度明显降低,体积电阻率略有减小,而导热系数有一定程度的增加。填充20 phr CF时,NBR的导热系数较填充VXC72时提高了约30%。混炼使CF的长径比L/D剧烈降低,由原来的600降低到10-20,这也许是CF对NBR体积电阻率降低幅度不大的主要原因。     

酚醛树脂/镀银碳纤维导热复合材料的制备与性能

采用化学镀的方法在碳纤维(CF)上镀一层银膜,然后采用搅拌混合的方法制备了酚醛树脂/镀银碳纤维(Ag-CF)导热复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能量色散光谱仪(EDS)等方法对其结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,大量的银粒子均匀分布在CF表面;酚醛树脂/Ag-CF导热复合材料的导热系数、冲击强度和拉伸强度随着Ag-CF含量的增加而逐渐增加;Ag-CF的含量为7.0 %时,酚醛树脂/Ag-CF导热复合材料的综合性能最优,此时其导热系数为1.25 W/(m·K),冲击强度和弯曲强度分别为66.7 kJ/m2和139.2 MPa;残炭率为30 %时,添加量为7.0 %的复合材料对应温度为 500 ℃,高于纯酚醛树脂的 450 ℃。     

PEEK抗静电复合材料的研究

制备了聚醚醚酮/炭黑(PEEK/CB)、聚醚醚酮/碳纤维(PEEK/CF)抗静电复合材料。结果表明,在PEEK/CB复合体系中,炭黑渗滤区含量为3%⁵%,较低的炭黑含量确保了复合材料优异的力学性能;在PEEK/CF复合体系中,碳纤维渗滤区含量为15%5%,较低的炭黑含量确保了复合材料优异的力学性能;在PEEK/CF复合体系中,碳纤维渗滤区含量为15%²0%;扫描电镜(SEM)结果证明:炭黑在PEEK基体中达到纳米级分散,形成空间导电网络结构,这种结构提高了复合材料的抗静电性能。     

镀镍碳纤维/镀镍石墨粉填充PC/ABS材料导电性能的研究

在PC/ABS材料中填充镀镍碳纤维（NiCF）和镀镍石墨粉,制备一种新型填充型导电复合材料,分析了NiCF与镀镍石墨粉的填充量及NiCF长度对复合材料导电性能的影响。结果表明,随着NiCF和镀镍石墨粉填充量的增加,复合材料的体积导电率会下降,即导电性能得到提高。与镀镍石墨粉相比,NiCF对复合材料导电性的影响更显著。NiCF/镀镍石墨粉/PC/ABS复合材料存在渗滤效应,当NiCF含量在10%~15%范围内时,材料的体积导电率急剧下降,导电性能迅速提高。当复合材料颗粒长度为10mm左右时,注塑成型的材料导电性能最佳。