TH1型／TH2型细胞因子与妊娠的免疫调节

妊娠时期母体通过复杂细胞的因子网络对妊娠各个生理过程，包括着床，胚胎生长发育以及分娩进行免疫调节，大量临床与实践研究表明，母全在妊娠时，ＴＨ２型细胞因子参与的体液免疫起主要作用，而由ＴＨ１型细胞因子参与细胞免疫则受抑制。近年来，许多学者就ＴＨ１型／ＴＨ２型细胞因子对妊娠的作用与机制做了大量的研究，并推测ＴＨ１细胞因子不利于妊娠，ＴＨ２型细胞因子抑制ＴＨ１型细胞因子的产生，利于妊娠。     

TH1型/TH2型细胞因子对滋养层及蜕膜内分泌功能的影响

目的　探讨辅助T细胞 (TH) 1型 / 2型细胞因子对人绒毛组织及蜕膜组织内分泌功能的影响。方法　应用新鲜绒毛组织和蜕膜组织建立体外分泌人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG)及催乳素(PRL)的模型。hCG及PRL的分泌水平应用放免法 (RIA)进行分析测定。结果　TH1型细胞因子γ干扰素 (IFN γ)在一定的浓度范围内 (10～ 10 0 0ng/ml)对绒毛组织分泌hCG有明显的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1) ;而TH2型细胞因子白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 ) (1～ 10ng/ml)则有明显的促进作用 (P <0 .0 1)。TH1型细胞因子IFN γ低浓度时 (1～ 10ng/ml)对蜕膜组织分泌PRL有刺激作用 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高浓度时 (10 0～10 0 0ng/ml)则有抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1) ;TH2型细胞因子IL 4对PRL分泌的调节作用与对hCG分泌的作用相类似。结论　TH1型 /TH2型细胞因子可能通过影响滋养层及蜕膜内分泌功能而在早期妊娠中起重要的免疫调节作用。     

IL-12对慢性乙型肝炎患者TH1/TH2类细胞应答作用与血清HBV DNA含量相关性研究

为观察慢性乙型肝炎患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量是否影响ＩＬ 1 2对ＴＨ1 /ＴＨ2类细胞的调节作用 ,我们选择 50例慢性乙型肝炎患者 ,分别与ＰＨＡ ,ＨＢｃＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ单独或联合ＩＬ 1 2培养其外周血单个核细胞 ,ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测培养上清液细胞因子ＩＬ 2、ＩＦＮ γ、ＩＬ 4、ＩＬ 1 0水平 ,结合血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量进行分析比较 ,探讨血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ含量对ＩＬ 1 2诱导ＴＨ1 /ＴＨ2类细胞应答效应的影响。50例慢性乙型肝炎患者 ,男 2 8例 ,女 2 2例 ,平均年龄 3 4.5岁 ( 1 9～ 4 7岁 )。ＡＬＴ >60ＩＵ/Ｌ。排除ＨＡＶ、ＨＣＶ、…     

实验性消化道溃疡i—IEL的TH1型细胞因子mRNA水平变化

肠上皮间淋巴细胞 (ｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｉｎｔｒａｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｌｙｍ ｐｈｏｃｙｔｅｓ ,ｉ ＩＥＬ)是存在于肠上皮细胞间的一种特殊Ｔ淋巴细胞 ,小鼠约一半以上的ｉ ＩＥＬ在消化道粘膜局部分化成熟 ,为ＴＣＲγδＣＤ8αα表型 ,与经胸腺分化成熟的普通Ｔ细胞在细胞表型和抗原识别等方面有明显不同。在生理条件下 ,ｉ ＩＥＬ可分泌ＴＨ1型细胞因子并具有细胞毒作用 ,在维护消化道粘膜的完整性中可能发挥重要作用。为阐明ｉ ＩＥＬ在消化道溃疡发生、发展中的作用 ,本文研究了水浸限制刺激诱发的消化道溃疡模型中 ,小鼠ｉ ＩＥ…     

TH1,TH2细胞交叉调节与肿瘤免疫

Ｔ辅助细胞具有两处功能截然不同的亚群，即处ＴＨ１和ＴＨ２细胞，其中ＴＨ１细胞负责细胞免疫，协助Ｉｇ亚类转换为ＩｇＧ２；ＴＨ２细胞负责体液免疫，辅助ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＥ和ＩｇＡ。但是ＴＨ１与ＴＨ２细胞存在交叉调节的关系，在一定条件下二者可以互相转换。涉及互相转换的因素可能包含免疫识别过程中诸多因素，诸如抗原种类剂量、局部细胞因子种类细胞动物品系、ＭＨＣⅡ类分子粘附分子和激素等。正是这些因素引起的ＴＨ１和Ｔ     

人THANK基因真核表达载体的构建及其在人胚肾细胞中的表达

１材料和方法１．１材料　大肠杆菌Ｋ８０２、人胚肾细胞２９３由本室验室保存。细胞转染试剂脂质体Ｃｌｏｎｆｅｃｔｉｎ购自Ｃｌｏｎｔｅｃｈ公司。ＤＭＥＭ购自ＧＩＢ－ＣＯ公司。Ｇ４１８购自Ｓｉｇｍａ公司。胎牛血清购自杭州四季青公司。鼠抗人ＴＨＡＮＫ单克隆抗体由倪健博士赠送。含有ＴＨＡＮＫ全长ｃＤＮＡ的质粒ｐＭＤ１８－ＴＨＡＮＫ为本实验室构建［］。真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１购自Ｉｎｖｉｏｔｒｏｇｅｎｅ公司。质粒ｐＭＤ１８－Ｔ购自ＴａＫａＲａ公司。ＤＮＡ胶回收试剂盒、细胞ＲＮＡ抽提试剂盒，购自华舜生物工程…     

慢性乙型肝炎患者T_H1/T_H2细胞因子应答状况

ＩＬ 10和ＩＦＮ γ分属于ＴＨ1、ＴＨ2类细胞因子 ,它们在乙型肝炎病毒 (ＨＢＶ)持续感染的发生机理中起重要作用。为了探讨慢性乙型肝炎 (ＣＨＢ)患者ＨＢＶ抗原特异性ＴＨ1 ＴＨ2类细胞因子应答情况 ,我们选择 43名此前未行免疫治疗或抗病毒治疗并经肝脏穿刺活检证实的ＣＨＢ患者 ,并以年龄近似的 10名体健者作为正常对照。常规分离外周血单核细胞 (ＰＢＭＣ) ,以 10 6 ｍｌ的密度接种于 2 4孔板 ,加入终浓度为 1μｇ ｍｌ的ｒＨＢｃＡｇ刺激培养 72ｈ ,用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测培养上清中ＩＬ 10 (ｐｇ ｍｌ)和ＩＦＮ γ(ｐｇ ｍｌ)的含量。…     

妊娠早期滋养层组织人绒毛膜促性腺激素分泌的调节

为了探讨人早孕滋养层组织中人绒毛促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）分泌的自分泌和旁分泌调节机制，将人工流产获得的正常绒毛组织剪成１ｍｍ＾３小块接涂有原的培养瓶中，每瓶加入２ｍｌ含有１．７５ｎｍｏｌ＝ＬＮ－２－羟 在哌嗪－Ｎ－２乙烷磺酸（ＨＥＰＥＳ）、２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ谷氨酰胺、１０＾８ＩＵ／Ｌ青霉素和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ链霉素的ＭｃＣｇＹ５ａ培养液，绒毛组织先培养３７℃的ＣＯ２孵箱中（ＣＯ２；空气＝５％，９５％）４８ｈ，     

表皮生长因子与生长抑素对人离体胎盘分泌hCG的影响

本工作作利用灌流技术，观察了不同浓度的表皮生长因子（２５，５０，１００，５００ｎｇ／ｍｌ）和生长抑素对妊娠早期人工流产新鲜胎盘绒毛分泌人绒毛膜促性腺激素的影响。结果表明，ＧＥＦ对人早期胎盘ｈＣＧ的分泌有双向作用，５０ｎｇ对ｈＣＧ分泌刺激作用最大，５００ｎｇ则抑制ｈＣＧ的分泌。生长抑素单独使用不影响ｈＣＧ分泌，但可抑制ＥＧＦ诱导的ｈＣＧ分泌。提示ＥＧＦ，ＳＲＩＦ可能参与ｈＣＧ的分泌调节。     

内皮细胞高密度种植于人工血管的实验研究

内皮细胞高密度种植于人工血管的实验研究何红兵，潘玉先，马素珍，王哲生（第一军医大学附属珠江医院，广州５１０２８２）ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＨＩＧＨ－ＤＥＮＳＩＴＹＥＮＤＯＴＨＥＬＩＡＬＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＩＮＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＢＬＯＯＤ...     

Genetic polymorphism and TH1/TH2 orientation

BACKGROUND: It is likely that besides developmental and environmental factors, genetic factors also play an important role in Th1/Th2 orientation and susceptibility to related disorders. Thus, for each genetic factor involved one would expect an opposite pattern of susceptibility towards Th1- and Th2-associated diseases. METHODS: We report a comparative analysis of the pattern of association of four genetic polymorphisms with bronchial asthma (Th2 disease) and Crohn's disease (CD; Th1 disease). The study population included 291 Roman children with bronchial asthma and 72 adult Romans with CD, and haptoglobin, adenosine deaminase (ADA), acid phosphatase locus 1 (ACP1) and MN phenotypes were determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls from the same population, the pattern of phenotype association observed in bronchial asthma is exactly opposite to that observed in CD. The analysis of pairwise gametic type distribution for ACP1, ADA and MN polymorphisms has shown that the pattern of differences between bronchial asthma and controls is opposite to that observed between CD and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of differences between bronchial asthma versus CD is compatible with the hypothesis that some of the genetic systems considered contribute to Th1/Th2 orientation.     

Biology of human TH1 and TH2 cells

Evidence is accumulating to suggest the existence of polarized human T-cell responses, reminiscent of T_H1 and T_H2 subsets described for mouse T cells. Human T_H1 cells preferentially develop during infections by intracellular bacteria and trigger phagocyte-mediated host defense, whereas T_H2 cells, which predominate during helminthic infestations and in response to common environmental allergens, are responsible for phagocyte-independent host response. Human T_H1 and T_H2 cells exhibit not only different functional properties but probably also distinct surface markers; T_H2, but not T_H1, clones express membrane CD30 and release the soluble form of CD30, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. The cytokine profile of natural immunity evoked by different offending agents in the context of different host genetic backgrounds appears to be the most critical factor in determining the phenotype of the subsequent specific response. IL-12 and IFN- and produced by macrophages and NK cells favor the development of T_H1 cells, whereas the early production of IL-4 by a stillunidentified cell type favors the development of T_H2 cells. Clearly, polarized human T_H1 and T_H2 responses not only play different roles in protection, they can also promote different immunopathological reactions. Strong and persistent T_H1 responses seen to be involved in organ-specific autoimmunity, contact dermatitis, and some chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown etiology. In contrast, polarized T_H2 responses favor a reduced protection against the majority of infectious agents (including HIV) and, in genetically predisposed hosts, are responsible for triggering of allergic atopic disorders.     

第9、10、11肋间神经和肋下神经的血供

本文观察了25具成人专供研究用的尸体,对50侧第9、10、11肋间神经和肋下神经的血供进行了研究,对该四对神经的营养动脉数目、外径、长度、入神经干部位和来源动脉进行观察测量。发现营养动脉外径较细,长度亦较短,不宜作为肋间神经的血管蒂进行吻合,而肋间神经营养动脉的来源动脉——肋间后动脉,其外径较粗,并有足够长度,作为血管蒂进行吻合较为理想。     

Immunologic influences on allergy and the TH1/TH2 balance

TH2 cell-mediated immune responses against "innocuous" antigens play a triggering role in atopic allergy. Several epidemiologic studies have clearly shown that the reduced microbial exposure of children caused by the westernized lifestyle is responsible for the increased prevalence of allergy that has occurred in the last decades in developed countries ("hygiene hypothesis"). The immunologic changes caused by the reduced exposure to pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes during childhood are still controversial. The initial interpretation has been a lack of shift of allergen-specific responses from the TH2 to the TH1 phenotype. This is because of reduced production of IL-12 and IFNs by cells of the natural immunity stimulated by bacterial products through their Toll-like receptors (missing immune deviation). Another interpretation emphasizes the importance of reduced activity of T-regulatory cells (reduced immune suppression). However, although there are impressive amounts of data in favor of the missing immune deviation, experimental evidence supporting the role of reduced immune suppression in explaining the increased prevalence of allergy is currently weak or even contradictory. The solution to this question is very important not only from a theoretic point of view but also because of its therapeutic implications.     

Coevolution of TH1, TH2, and TH17 responses during repeated pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous airborne fungus, can cause invasive infection in immunocompromised individuals but also triggers allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a subset of otherwise healthy individuals repeatedly exposed to the organism. This study addresses a critical gap in our understanding of the immunoregulation in response to repeated exposure to A. fumigatus conidia. C57BL/6 mice were challenged intranasally with A. fumigatus conidia weekly, and leukocyte composition, activation, and cytokine production were examined after two, four, and eight challenges. Approximately 99% of A. fumigatus conidia were cleared within 24 h after inoculation, and repeated exposure to A. fumigatus conidia did not result in hyphal growth or accumulation of conidia with time. After 2 challenges, there was an early influx of neutrophils and regulatory T (T(reg)) cells into the lungs but minimal inflammation. Repeated exposure promoted sustained expansion of the draining lymph nodes, while the influx of eosinophils and other myeloid cells into the lungs peaked after four exposures and then decreased despite continued A. fumigatus challenges. Goblet cell metaplasia and low-level fibrosis were evident during the response. Repeated exposure to A. fumigatus conidia induced T cell activation in the lungs and the codevelopment by four exposures of T(H)1, T(H)2, and T(H)17 responses in the lungs, which were maintained through eight exposures. Changes in CD4 T cell polarization or T(reg) numbers did not account for the reduction in myeloid cell numbers later in the response, suggesting a non-T-cell regulatory pathway involved in dampening inflammation during repeated exposure to A. fumigatus conidia.