Ship Detection and Characterization with Generalized Optimization of Polarimetric Contrast Enhancement

A Generalized optimization algorithm of polarimetric contrast enhancement （GOPCE） is proposed to find optimal polarimetric states and coefficients to max-imize the received power ratio of ship to ocean clutter, which facilitates ship detection. The method is validated with a real SIR-C/X image. The results indicate that, rather than optimal polarimetric contrast enhancement, GOPCE apparently improves the contrast of ship to sea by introducing the polarimetric feature vector.     

On Finite Word Length Computing Error of Fixed-Point SAR Imaging Processing

Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） imaging system is generally realized by fixed-point with the purpose of reducing system implementation scale and enhancing real-time performance. Finite word length computing error of fixed-point SAR imaging system is studied. The characteristic of computing error in SAlt imaging system is analyzed. A finite word length computing error model of SAR imaging system is built, by means of which the empirical formula of system＇s output noise-to-signal ratio is derived. Based on the empirical formula, SAR imaging system processing word length is presented according to different processing granularities. The validity of this proposed finite word length computing error model of SAR imaging system is verified by system level fixed-point sivaulation.     

Noise Reduction for InSAR Phase Images Using BM3D

This paper extends the application of Block-matching （BM） and 3D transform-domain collabo- rative filtering （BM3D） to the noise reduction in Interfer- ometric synthetic aperture radar （InSAR） phase imagery, and proposes a denoising algorithm which can effectively remove noise and preserve fringes. Since the noise level estimated by a median estimator is not always optimal for proposed algorithm in wavelet domain, a method of calcu- lating optimal noise standard deviation is also developed. The proposed algorithm is efficient and robust. Experi- mental results show that the visual quality and evaluation indexes of proposed algorithm outperform other filters for both simulated and real InSAR images.     

Perceptual Quality Assessment of SAR Image Compression Based on Image Content Partition and Neural Network

Image quality assessment （IQA） is of fundamental importance for image compression applications. Traditional IQA measures used for Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） image compression do not consider the properties of Human visual system （HVS）. Since human beings are the final users in most SAR image applications, the objective evaluation coordinate to human＇s perception is the most acceptable and practical IQA method. In this paper, we propose a novel objective approach based on image content partition and Neural network （NN） by introducing the HVS and SAR image characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed metric correlates well with subjective quality of SAR image compression and outperforms those state-of-art objective models using Structural similarity index （SSIM）, Singular value decomposition （SVD） and Visual information fidelity （VIF）.     

PolSAR系统与技术的发展趋势

随着极化测量技术的飞速发展,具有全极化测量或极化捷变能力的极化合成孔径雷达（PolSAR）迅速成为SAR发展的主流,针对PolSAR的研究已成为国际雷达系统与技术发展的前沿课题。PolSAR有机地综合了高分辨成像技术和全极化测量的优点,非常适合用于目标的精细刻画,在军用、民用领域都有着广阔的应用前景。该文综述了世界上主要PolSAR系统的发展概况,指出了PolSAR系统与技术的发展趋势以及未来PolSAR研究的一些热点问题。     

极化白化滤波器的一种多通道扩展

为减小相干斑对分类、检测的影响,通常要对极化合成孔径雷达图像进行相干斑抑制。极化白化滤波器(PWF)是利用多个极化通道的复数据抑制相干斑的有效方法,但其输出只有一个通道。为了在后续处理中能够利用全极化数据,该文对PWF进行了改进,提出了多通道极化白化滤波器法(MCPWF)。该方法在保持PWF最少相干斑图像输出的同时,还能得到各个极化通道滤波后的输出。Pi-SAR实测数据的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Ob ject-Based Classification Metho d for PolSAR Images with Improved Scattering Powers and Contextual Features

This paper proposes a new object-based classification method for Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images, which considers scattering powers from an improved model-based polarimetric decomposition approach, as well as the spatial and textural features. With the decomposition, the scattering ambiguities between ori-ented buildings and vegetation are reduced. Furthermore, various contextual features are extracted from the ob ject and incorporated into the K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) based classification. To reduce the feature redundancy, a new Supervised locally linear embedding (S-LLE) dimen-sionality reduction method is introduced to map the high dimensional polarimetric signatures into the most compact low-dimensional structure for classification. Experimental results with Airborne synthetic aperture rada (AIRSAR) C-band PolSAR image demonstrate the superior perfor-mance to other methods.     

一种新的极化滤波综合性能评估方法

极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)可以获得目标散射的相位信息,这种更加丰富的信息为极化SAR图像相干斑噪声抑制提供了更好的解决方法。通过对几种典型的极化滤波技术的算法实现,基于采样信号波形图、极化特征图和相对标准差,提出了一种新的极化滤波综合性能评估方法。对实测极化SAR数据进行实验验证,结果表明局部统计滤波在图像分辨率的保持、极化信息的保留和相干斑噪声的抑制3个方面都有很好的效果。     

极化雷达图像目标相干系数判据的检测研究

由理想目标散射矢量与待识目标散射矢量的相干系数判据,对待识目标进行检测与同类识别. 利用复旦大学电磁波信息科学教育部重点实验室的散射计算软件BART进行理想目标极化散射计算,构造目标散射矢量,并进行合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)成像模拟. 以此目标成像模拟数据作为目标识别样本,对全极化系统Pi-SAR观测海面养殖箱的成像数据,研究其相干系数判据的检测与识别. 结果表明该方法是有效的.       

全极化合成孔径雷达图像极化白化滤波参数估计方法的改进研究

本文介绍了全极化SAR图像相干斑抑制的极化白化滤波,及其参数估计的传统方法.针对传统参数估计方法的缺陷,提出了增强的自适应边缘检测参数估计方法.由于以上方法无法检测点、线目标,本文提出了一种新的参数估计方法.将这些方法应用到NASA JPL实验室的全极化SAR图像数据中,得到了相干斑抑制图像.对这些图像进行详细的分析、比较,结果证明参数估计新方法具有强的适应性和有效性.     

基于支持向量机的极化SAR图像分类

极化合成孔径雷达可以同时得到地面场景在不同极化组合下的雷达图像,极大地丰富了获取的地物目标信息量。针对极化SAR图像特征提取和目标分类的困难,由4种基本极化组成样本向量,运用基于统计学习理论的支持向量机以及不同的核函数设计分类器,提出了一种新的极化SAR图像分类算法,并对实测极化SAR数据进行分类实验。结果表明,将支持向量机分类器应用于极化SAR图像分类中是可行和有效的,并且通过选择适当的惩罚系数,可以进一步提高分类效果。     

深度学习在极化SAR图像分类上的应用综述

极化合成孔径雷达（极化SAR）是当前最先进的遥感监测技术之一。它可以全天时、全天候地进行对地观测,并提供高分辨率、具有丰富地表信息的数据。极化SAR图像分类近年来被广泛研究和应用,而蓬勃发展的深度学习技术大大加速了其进展。基于此现状,本文对深度学习在极化SAR图像分类上的应用进行了综述。综述涵盖了不同类别的深度学习算法,包括监督、无监督、半监督和主动学习算法在此任务上的应用分析。另外,本文分析当前极化SAR图像分类所面临的挑战以及未来的发展趋势。     

基于极化定标的极化隔离度空变分析

极化定标是多极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)系统获取真实目标极化散射矩阵的必要步骤。文中针对极化定标过程中存在的极化隔离度距离向空变特性,采用基于无源角反射器的极化定标算法作为仿真工具,对PolSAR系统极化隔离度绝对值及其空变范围对图像中极化隔离度的影响规律进行了分析。分析结果表明:当用于极化修正的极化误差矩阵与PolSAR系统自身极化隔离度不匹配时,极化修正将会使得修正后的图像极化隔离度变差。因此,在进行极化定标时,应当尽可能在定标场沿距离向布设一定间距的多组定标器,从而获取PolSAR系统在整个距离向成像带宽内的极化隔离度拟合曲线,在进行极化修正时对图像中距离向不同的像素点采用曲线中对应位置的极化误差矩阵进行修正,进而得到尽可能接近目标真实极化散射矩阵的估计值。     

无人机载毫米波合成孔径雷达技术

本文主要介绍了无人机毫米波成像雷达与微波雷达相比具有的技术特点，较详细地讨论了无人机毫米波成像的关键技术及实现方法。     

一种基于幅度和相位迭代重建的四维合成孔径雷达成像方法

4维合成孔径雷达获取的观测数据在基线-时间平面非均匀分布。若采用传统成像方法来获取目标散射体的高度-速率维像,则因强副瓣存在,成像效果不理想。当信号具有稀疏性时,压缩感知技术能够利用少量的信号投影值就可实现信号的准确或近似重构。然而标准的压缩感知成像方法是针对实数据进行处理,4维合成孔径雷达成像处理的数据为复数据。因此该文提出了一种基于幅度和相位迭代重建的4维合成孔径雷达成像方法。将4维合成孔径雷达高度-速率成像问题转化为目标复散射系数的幅度和相位联合重建问题,通过在成像过程中引入相位信息来改善成像质量。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。      

Airborne Wide Band Coherent Radar for Ice Thickness Measurement

A prototype of an airborne wide band coherent radar has been accomplished which can be used for polar ice thickness measurement. The system uses pulse compression and coherent integration techniques and works at the VHF band. Using different transmit power, the radar can operate in both surface-based and airborne applications. The chirp waveform generator was designed by using a Direct digital synthesizer （DDS）. A dual-channel receiver was introduced for better performance on the return signals of different layers. Surface-based experiments were done to test the system performace.     

？hrough-Wall Tracking of Human Movers Using Continuous-Wave Radar

An intelligent frequency fitting algorithm is presented for continuous-wave radar to track human movers through walls. With the proper fitting dimension, which is usually determined by the practical detection re- quirements, this technique can improve the localization ac- curacy and the tracking performance without introducing too much calculation burden, and more precisely identify different targets even in the frequency ambiguous areas. This technology can also help to match the estimation re- sults to their corresponding targets automatically, which is of great importance to certain urban sensing applications, such as specific target surveillance and tracking. To further improve the detection performance and better identify the weak targets in the presence of strong noise, CLEAN al- gorithm and adaptive filter technology are also involved. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the algo- rithm performance.     

A Recursive Filter for Despeckling SAR Images

This correspondence proposes a recursive algorithm for noise reduction in synthetic aperture radar imagery. Excellent despeckling in conjunction with feature preservation is achieved by incorporating a discontinuity-adaptive Markov random field prior within the unscented Kalman filter framework through importance sampling. The performance of this method is demonstrated on both synthetic and real examples.     

双基SAR在地面运动目标检测中的应用

介绍了一种新的卫星发射、气球(浮空器)接收的BSAR/GMTI系统-星球双基地雷达。BSAR雷达由于发射、接收分置,相对于普通的单基雷达,具有获取信息丰富、作用距离远、安全性高、抗干扰能力强和抗截获性能好等突出优点。将星球双基地系统与单基地系统进行比较,分析了星球双基地系统的模型及其GMTI的能力,并给出了一个基于星球双基地雷达系统的SATP方法,并仿真验证了此方法的有效性。