广西北部湾茅尾海夏冬季浮游细菌群落结构及其影响因子

海洋浮游细菌在生物地球化学循环过程中具有不可替代的作用。为解析广西北部湾茅尾海夏冬季浮游细菌群落结构及其关键环境影响因子，于2017年6月(夏季)和2017年12月(冬季)在该海域设置7个站点，采集0.5m处表层海水样品，利用16S核糖体RNA (16S rRNA)基因高通量测序技术，分析茅尾海浮游细菌群落结构与多样性。结果表明：茅尾海海域浮游细菌隶属于11个门、36个纲、86个目、188个科和506个属；主要浮游细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 52.47%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 17.34%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 16.39%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 7.54%)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria, 5.38%),共占浮游细菌总丰度的99.12%。北部湾茅尾海夏季浮游细菌群落Chao 1指数和Richness指数均显著(P<0.05)高于冬季。主坐标分析(PCoA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)结果表明，不同季节浮游细菌群落结构存在极显著差异(R=0.586,P<0.001)。在目分类水平上进行组...     

广西北部湾近岸生态系统风险评价

根据2009年9月广西北部湾近岸的海洋生态调查资料,利用地理信息系统的空间分析功能,从海水水质、营养水平、生物量和初级生产力水平、生物多样性和生态系统缓冲容量5个方面分析了秋季广西北部湾近岸海域环境现状,并进一步利用生态风险综合指数对广西北部湾海洋生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:2009年秋季,广西北部湾近岸海域生态环境质量较好,大部分生态系统风险指标等级均处于“中低”或“较低”水平,整体处于低风险状态.生态风险综合指数结果显示,广西北部湾海域生态风险分布具有明显的空间异质性,离岸水域生态系统的风险综合指数较低,越靠近港湾内,风险状态等级越高.     

广西北部湾茅尾海浮游真菌群落结构及其影响因子

浮游真菌在海洋食物网和生物地球化学循环中发挥着关键作用。【目的】为解析广西北部湾茅尾海不同季节浮游真菌群落结构及其关键环境影响因子，于2017年7月(夏季)、9月(秋季)、12月(冬季)和2018年3月(春季)期间在该海域设置7个站点，采集表层海水样品。【方法】利用内部转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)基因高通量测序技术，分析茅尾海浮游真菌群落结构与多样性。【结果】茅尾海海域浮游真菌隶属6个门、26个纲、71个目、167个科、282个属和374个种。主要浮游真菌类群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota, 82.14%)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota, 10.74%)，共占浮游真菌总丰度的92.88%。茅尾海浮游真菌群落Shannon指数和Simpson指数在春季最高，Chao1指数和丰富度(richness)指数在冬季最高。主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA)和相似性分析(analysis of similarities, ANOSIM)结果显示，不同季节浮游真菌群落的β多样性具有极显著差异(R=0.591 2, P<0.001)。通过随机森林模型分析(random forest modeling analysis, RF)，发现黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、二色胶孔菌(Gloeoporus dichrous)、杂色曲霉(Aspergillus subversicolor)和微扁沃利雅炭皮菌(Whalleya microplaca)、翹鱗香菇(Lentinus squarrosulus)等20种海洋浮游真菌对环境变化敏感，可用于评估茅尾海富营养化状况。Spearman相关性分析表明，浮游真菌α多样性与海水pH、盐度和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)，与温度、叶绿素-a (chlorophyll a, Chl-a)以及总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。方差分解分析(variance partitioning analysis, VPA)发现营养因子是浮游真菌群落结构的主要驱动因子。【结论】本研究可为揭示北部湾海洋浮游真菌多样性提供理论参考，并为茅尾海生态环境监测与资源利用提供科学依据。     

Seasonal dynamics of shallow-hyporheic-zone microbial community structure along a heavy-metal contamination gradient

Heavy metals contaminate numerous freshwater streams and rivers worldwide. Previous work by this group demonstrated a relationship between the structure of hyporheic microbial communities and the fluvial deposition of heavy metals along a contamination gradient during the fall season. Seasonal variation has been documented in microbial communities in numerous terrestrial and aquatic environments, including the hyporheic zone. The current study was designed to assess whether relationships between hyporheic microbial community structure and heavy-metal contamination vary seasonally by monitoring community structure along a heavy-metal contamination gradient for more than a year. No relationship between total bacterial abundance and heavy metals was observed (R(2) = 0.02, P = 0.83). However, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis pattern analysis indicated a strong and consistent linear relationship between the difference in microbial community composition (populations present) and the difference in the heavy metal content of hyporheic sediments throughout the year (R(2) = 0.58, P < 0.001). Correlations between heavy-metal contamination and the abundance of four specific phylogenetic groups (most closely related to the alpha, beta, and gamma-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria) were apparent only during the fall and early winter, when the majority of organic matter is deposited into regional streams. These seasonal data suggest that the abundance of susceptible populations responds to heavy metals primarily during seasons when the potential for growth is highest.     

广西北部湾茅尾海红树林生境放线菌分离培养基的比较

【背景】红树林生境拥有丰富的微生物资源,分离获得更多的纯培养放线菌为新型抗生素的发现提供菌种资源。【目的】使用新型放线菌分离培养基,发掘广西北部湾茅尾海红树林生境放线菌资源,评估新型放线菌分离培养基分离效果。【方法】设计出新型放线菌分离培养基——椰子汁-海藻糖培养基,对广西北部湾茅尾海红树林根际土壤和红树林根皮放线菌进行分离。基于分子生物学鉴定方法,对获得的纯培养放线菌进行多样性分析。【结果】从红树林根际土壤样品中分离获得65株放线菌,分布在5个目10个科15个属,使用YIM171培养基分离到7个属,MA培养基分离到5个属,椰子汁-海藻糖培养基分离到11个属,其中包括4株潜在新种;从红树林根皮样品中分离获得19株放线菌,分布在4个目7个科10个属,使用YIM171和椰子汁-海藻糖培养基分别分离到7个属,包括4株潜在新种;使用椰子汁-海藻糖培养基在红树林生境两类样品中获得3株潜在新种。【结论】广西北部湾茅尾海红树林根际土壤和根皮中放线菌多样性丰富,使用椰子汁-海藻糖培养基分离放线菌效果较佳,可用作放线菌的分离培养基。     

Dissemination of heavy-metal contamination in surface sediments of the Uzunçayır Dam Lake,Tunceli, Turkey

The objective of this study was to determine the heavy-metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, and Hg), evaluate the pollution levels, and determine the concentration of chlorophyll-a and organic carbon in the surface sediments of the Uzunçay?r Dam Lake, Tunceli, Turkey, between 2015 and 2016. In order to evaluate the effect of the pollution level in the study area, the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor, potential ecological risk index, and pollution load index were used. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals were ordered as follows: Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The highest CF value was found for the Ni element among the studied heavy metals in the Dam Lake. Moreover, the highest CF mean value was found for the As contamination level. According to the toxicity analyses in the study area, the potential toxic effect of sediments was not at a very serious level.     

Assessment of the contamination level of bottom sediments of Amursky Bay (Sea of Japan) and their potential toxicity

The contamination of surface bottom sediments of the Amursky Bay (the Sea of Japan) and their potential toxicity were assessed by the computation of contamination indexes and the ecological risk index, as well as by comparison of the concentrations of toxicants in the sediments with the sediment quality guidelines (SQD) values adopted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It was shown that sediments from the coastal zone of Amursky Bay adjacent to the Vladivostok City were the most contaminated. The organochlorine pesticide DDT and such heavy metals as zinc, copper, and nickel were major inputs to the potential toxicity of the sediments. Linear regression analysis revealed positive, although not always significant, correlations between the ecological risk index and quotients characterizing the level of pathological changes in the gonads and the number of anomalies in the development of progeny of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. The obtained data array enables us to conclude that contamination of bottom sediments by heavy metals and DDT causes great risk for the reproduction of S. intermedius and other benthic invertebrates in the coastal part of Amursky Bay adjoining the city.     

Seasonal Dynamics of Shallow-Hyporheic-Zone Microbial Community Structure along a Heavy-Metal Contamination Gradient

Heavy metals contaminate numerous freshwater streams and rivers worldwide. Previous work by this group demonstrated a relationship between the structure of hyporheic microbial communities and the fluvial deposition of heavy metals along a contamination gradient during the fall season. Seasonal variation has been documented in microbial communities in numerous terrestrial and aquatic environments, including the hyporheic zone. The current study was designed to assess whether relationships between hyporheic microbial community structure and heavy-metal contamination vary seasonally by monitoring community structure along a heavy-metal contamination gradient for more than a year. No relationship between total bacterial abundance and heavy metals was observed (R² = 0.02, P = 0.83). However, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis pattern analysis indicated a strong and consistent linear relationship between the difference in microbial community composition (populations present) and the difference in the heavy metal content of hyporheic sediments throughout the year (R² = 0.58, P < 0.001). Correlations between heavy-metal contamination and the abundance of four specific phylogenetic groups (most closely related to the α, β, and γ-proteobacteria and cyanobacteria) were apparent only during the fall and early winter, when the majority of organic matter is deposited into regional streams. These seasonal data suggest that the abundance of susceptible populations responds to heavy metals primarily during seasons when the potential for growth is highest.     

Baseline study of soft bottom benthic assemblages in the Bay of Santander (Gulf of Biscay)

The Bay of Santander constitutes one of the most important estuarine areas in northern Spain (Gulf of Biscay) which has been significantly stressed by sewage discharges. However, an improvement in the environmental quality of the bay is expected once the new sewer system comes into operation. The evaluation of such an evolution needs to be contrasted with the current situation, established in specific baseline studies. For this purpose, a field study was carried out on the soft bottom assemblages of the estuary in spring of 1998. At each station, the benthic fauna abundance, grain size, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals concentrations were analysed. The community structure and the physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment reflected the higher impacts both near the points of discharges and in the low water exchange zones, whereas those areas showing higher tidal flows presented an acceptable quality. High heavy metal concentrations for Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn indicated contamination of industrial sources in several areas of the Bay. This information allows to establish a reference situation in order to improve the design of a specific monitoring program for this area.     

广西北部湾红树林生态承载力评价

为了定量分析广西北部湾红树林生态承载力在北部湾经济区开发前后的变化情况,选择珍珠湾、铁山港、钦州湾和廉州湾作为研究区域,利用 RS、GIS技术,通过获取2004年、2006年、2008年和2010年遥感影像中的相关信息,结合状态空间模型以及红树林生态承载力评价指标体系,计算出相应年份的红树林生态承载力并分析其动态变化。同时分析了资源供给能力、生态系统弹性力、环境纳污能力以及人类活动潜力对红树林生态承载力影响的相关性。结果表明:广西北部湾红树林生态承载力整体呈上升趋势,生态系统弹性力和人类活动潜力总体呈上升趋势,资源供给能力和环境纳污能力总体呈下降趋势,说明北部湾经济区的发展主要对红树林的环境纳污能力造成了一定影响,而对红树林生态承载力影响不大。根据相关性分析结果可知,人类活动潜力是影响广西北部湾红树林生态承载力的主要因素。     

厦门杏林湾表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

论文对杏林湾表层沉积物重金属、有机碳和硫化物含量进行了检测,对数据作了相关性分析和因子分析,并应用潜在生态危害指数法对重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:重金属之间有显著的相关性,Cu与Ni、Pb与Ni、Pb与Cr以及Cr与Hg之间的相关系数分别为0.786(P﹤0.05)、0.783(P﹤0.05)、0.937(P﹤0.01)和0.770(P﹤0.05)。重金属与有机碳及硫化物的相关性较差,表明该地区重金属污染来源与硫化物和有机碳并不相同。既有人为输入,又有自然的沉积过程。因子分析进一步解释了该水域重金属污染的主要来源。根据E_rⁱ均值大小,Hg的危害风险最大,Cr最小。6种重金属潜在生物毒性风险大小依次为:Hg > Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr。重金属的生态危害程度均较小,尚属轻微生态危害。     

Heavy metals distribution in the coral reef ecosystems of the Northern Red Sea

Concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co and Fe) were measured in the seawater, sediments, common scleractinian reef-building corals and soft corals (Octocorallia : Alcyonacea) at seven reef sites in the Northern Red Sea: I (Hurghada), II (Ras Za’farana), III (El-Ain Al-Sukhna), IV (El-Tur), V (Sha’b Rashdan), VI (Sharm El-Sheikh) and VII (Dahab). Levels of heavy metals were considerably elevated in seawater, sediments and corals collected from reef sites exposed to increased environmental contamination, as a result of diversified natural and anthropogenic inputs. Soft corals of genera Lithophyton, Sarcophyton and Sinularia showed higher concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni than hard coral genera Acropora and Stylophora. Soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum collected from El Ain Al-Suhkna (Gulf of Suez) had greater concentration of Cu, followed by hard corals Acropora pharaonis and Acropora hemprichi. The elevated levels of Zn, Cd and Ni were reported in the dry tissue of soft coral Sinularia spp. On the other hand, the soft coral Lithophyton arboreum displayed the highest concentration of Pb at Sha’b Rashdan (Gulf of Suez) and elevated concentration of Zn at Sharm El-Sheikh. Sediments showed significantly higher concentration of Fe than corals. The higher levels of Fe in hard corals than soft corals reflected the incorporation of Fe into the aragonite and the chelation with the organic matrix of the skeleton. The greater abundance of soft corals in metal-contaminated reef sites and the elevated levels of metals in their tissue suggesting that the soft corals could develop a tolerance mechanism to relatively high concentrations of metals. Although the effects of heavy metals on reef corals were not isolated from the possible effects of other stresses, the percentage cover of dead corals were significantly higher as the concentrations of heavy metals increased.     

山东省部分水岸带土壤重金属含量及污染评价

为了解山东省水岸带土壤重金属的含量特征和污染状况,于2010年9月—10月采集了39个水岸带土壤样品,分析了土壤中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量以及土壤的pH值、粒度和有机质,采用单因子指数法、综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对水岸带土壤重金属污染进行了评价,并利用相关分析和聚类分析对其来源进行了初步的解析。结果表明：水岸带土壤的pH值为5.67—8.66,主要呈碱性;有机质的平均含量为9.39 g/kg,土壤粒度主要以砂粒和粉粒为主,其平均体积百分比分别为50.33%和38.48%,平均粒径为89.69 μm;Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的平均含量为53.03 mg/kg、10.33 mg/kg、24.96 mg/kg、18.38 mg/kg、56.13 mg/kg、0.142 mg/kg、22.48 mg/kg和0.020 mg/kg。各水岸带土壤重金属的含量均符合《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618-1995）二级标准。以山东省土壤元素背景值为评价标准,水岸带土壤重金属总体表现为轻度污染和轻微生态风险,其中Cd和Hg是主要的污染因子,其对潜在生态危害指数的平均贡献率分别为46.8% 和33.6%。洙赵新河、廖河、门楼水库和东平湖水岸带土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害明显高于其他水源地。源解析的结果表明：水岸带土壤重金属的含量受自然源和人为源的双重影响,人为源主要包括地表径流、工业废气、垃圾和交通运输等。     

Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in aquatic ecosystem—A case study: Sediment of Kor River,Iran

A comprehensive investigation of fractionation and environmental risk of nine heavy metals is carried out for 12 sediment samples collected from Kor River, Iran. For this purpose, the 5-stage sequential extraction method, along with individual contamination factor, global contamination factor, and Environmental Risk Index (ERI), is used. Total concentrations of Cr, Hg, Ni, and Zn were found to be beyond the threshold effect level. The results of fractionation patterns indicate that As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn are mostly associated with Fe-Mn oxide fraction, organic fraction, and residual fraction, while Cd and Mo are predominantly associated with carbonate fraction. Cu and Hg are mostly associated with organic and exchangeable fractions. The results of ERI revealed High to Dangerous risks in 40% of Kor River stations. The applied approach in this study is beneficial to other environmental studies that require analysis of complex data.     

三亚市果蔬地重金属空间分布及其污染评价

通过野外调查采样,采用标准对比法和地累积指数法,评价了三亚市果蔬地表层土壤重金属的污染状况。结果表明:土壤中Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb和As5种重金属的积累不显著,其平均值均未超过国家环境质量二级标准(GB15618-1995);但Hg、Cd和Pb的平均值高于海南岛农用地的自然背景值,表明存在区域轻度污染;Cr、Hg、Pb和As4种重金属元素的变异系数均>1,表明土壤中Cr、Hg、Pb和As的分布极不均匀。同时,利用地理信息系统(GIS)Krging插值方法得到了5种重金属的空间分布图,显示出不同重金属元素的空间分异特征,为三亚市果蔬地的可持续开发利用提供指导。     

Seasonal Variation of Metals in Seawater, Sediment, and Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum from China

Concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) were determined for the first time in seawater, sediment, and Manila clam from Deer Island, Liaoning Province, China. The seawater, sediment, and clam samples were collected seasonally at three clam farming sites around Deer Island during 2010–2011. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the seawater samples were 4.16, 0.72, 5.88, 0.45, 2.51, 0.03, and 1.02 μg/l, respectively. The seasonal variations of trace metals in seawater showed a significant difference in the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, and As among seasons. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the sediment samples were 6.43, 13.80, 53.08, 1.10, 36.40, 0.05, and 4.78 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in sediment seasonally varied significantly except for Cd and Hg. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam samples were 11.28, 0.61, 92.50, 0.58, 3.98, 0.03, and 1.98 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and As in Manila clam showed marked seasonal fluctuations with significant difference. Cu and Zn were the metals with the highest mean biosediment accumulation factor values in Manila clam. Besides, significant correlations for the concentrations of Cu and Zn relative to their concentrations in sediment were also found. Such differences in regression analyzes may be explained by differential bioaccumulation of essential and xenobiotic metals. Concentrations of trace metals in Manila clam did not exceed the maximum established regulatory concentrations for human consumption. Moreover, the calculations revealed that the estimated daily intake values for the examined clam samples were below the internationally accepted dietary guidelines and the calculated hazard quotient values were well less than 1, thus strongly indicating that health risk associated with the intake studied metals through the consumption of Manila clam from Deer Island was absent.     

Pollution Assessment and Potential Sources of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils around Four Pb/Zn Mines of Shaoguan City,China

A total of 455 agricultural soil samples from four nonferrous mines/smelting sites in Shaoguan City, China, were investigated for concentrations of 10 heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The mean concentrations of the metals were 72.4, 5.16, 13.3, 54.8, 84.5, 1.52, 425, 28.2, 529, and 722 mg kg^?1, respectively. The values for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn were more than 8 and 1.5 times higher than their background values in this region and the limit values of Grade II soil quality standard in China, respectively. Estimated ecological risks based on contamination factors and potential ecological risk factors were also high or very high for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Multivariate analysis (Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis) strongly implied three distinct groups; i.e., As/Cu/Hg/Zn, Co/Cr/Mn/Ni, and Cd/Pb. Local anomalies for As, Cu, Hg, and Zn by a probably anthropogenic source (identified as mining activity), Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni by natural contribution, and a mixed source for Cd and Pb, were identified. This is one of the few studies with a focus on potential sources of heavy metals in agricultural topsoil around mining/smelting sites, providing evidence for establishing priorities in the reduction of ecological risks posed by heavy metals in Southern China and elsewhere.     

南沙群岛西南部和北部湾口海域鱼类物种多样性

根据2012-2013年在南沙群岛西南部和北部湾口海域春秋两个航次的调查资料, 分析了该海域鱼类种类组成、相对重要性指数和物种多样性等特征。结果表明, 两个航次调查共鉴定鱼类504种, 隶属于2纲31目129科294属; 其中北部湾口海域出现鱼类301种, 南沙群岛西南部海域出现鱼类357种。优势种数量较少, 多以中小型鱼类为主, 且季节间变化较大。春季多样性指数高于秋季, 这主要是因为春季出现的大量鱼类为补充群体, 而许多种类在秋季有向较深海区移动的趋势; 南沙群岛西南部海域多样性指数高于北部湾口海域, 这主要是由于南沙群岛西南部海域受水温和洋流的影响较大造成的。更替指数和迁移指数显示, 秋季鱼类群落结构稳定性要低于春季, 而且两个季节的鱼类群落结构都偏离平衡状态, 主要是由鱼类的洄游和不同适温性鱼类的迁入迁出造成的。综合来看, 南沙群岛西南部海域鱼类物种多样性和群落结构稳定性均高于北部湾口海域, 在努力控制资源可捕量范围的同时, 可合理开发南海中南部海域的渔业资源。     

Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the Coastal Waters of the Zhangzi Island,China: Comparison among Typical Marine Sediment Quality Indices

The total concentrations and chemical forms of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the surrounding marine area of the Zhangzi Island (hereafter referred to as Zhangzi Island for short) were obtained and multiple indices and guidelines were applied to assess their contamination and ecological risks. The sedimentary conditions were fine in both of the two studied areas according to the marine sediment quality of China. Whereas the probable effects level guideline suggested that Ni might cause adverse biological effects to occur frequently in some sites. All indices used suggested that Cd posed the highest environmental risk in both the Laizhou Bay and the Zhangzi Island, though Cd may unlikely be harmful to human and ecological health due to the very low total concentrations. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that a substantial portion of Cr was delivered from anthropogenic sources, whereas the risk assessment code (RAC) indicated that most Cr was in an inactive state that it may not have any adverse effect either. Moreover, the results of EF and geoaccumulation index were consistent with the trend of the total metal concentrations except for Cd, while the results of RAC and potential ecological risk factor did not follow the same trend of their corresponding total metal concentrations. We also evaluated the effects of using different indices to assess the environmental impact of these heavy metals.     

贵州兴仁煤矿区农田土壤重金属化学形态及风险评估

为了解煤矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染状况,采集了贵州省兴仁县某典型煤矿区农田土壤样品64份,测定了土样中重金属(As、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、Cu、Ni)总量及各形态含量,采用单因子指数法、潜在生态风险指数法(Hkanson法)和风险评估编码法(RAC)对研究区主要土壤利用类型(水稻土、薏米地、植烟土和菜园土)中重金属进行潜在生态风险评估和环境风险评价.结果表明： 不同利用类型土壤中重金属含量除Zn外,其他元素均明显超过贵州省背景值.单因子指数法评价结果表明,As、Pb、Hg和Cu污染较为严重,均属重度污染.形态分析表明,土壤中重金属形态构成差异明显,酸可提取态As、酸可提取态Cd所占比例较高;Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni主要以残渣态为主;Pb主要以可还原态和残渣态为主;而Hg的酸可提取态、可还原态、可氧化态均占有相当比例,三者之和大于55%.重金属可利用度大小顺序为:As(63.6%)>Hg(57.3%)>Cd(56.4%)>Pb(52.5%)>Cu(45.7%)>Zn(32.8%)>Ni(26.2%)>Cr(13.2%).潜在生态风险指数表明,各类型土壤潜在生态风险(RI)〖JP2〗为:菜园土(505.19)>薏米地(486.06)>植烟土(475.33)>水稻土(446.86),均处于较高风险.风险评估编码法结果显示,As在水稻土、薏米地及植烟土中均处于高风险,在菜园土中处于中等风险;Cd、Hg均处于中等风险,Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni均处于低风险.因此,对该区域农田土壤进行管控时应重点考虑As、Cd和Hg污染.