A System-of-Systems Engineering GEOSS: Architectural Approach

There is an increasing need to perform systems-of-systems engineering (SoSE) in a global environment. A new SoSE Process has been developed which is a significant breakthrough in the development of large complex systems and net-centric systems-of-systems (SoS). The SoSE Process provides a complete, detailed, and systematic development approach for military and civil SoS. This architecture-centric, model-based Systems Engineering Process emphasizes concurrent development of the system architecture model and system specifications. It is applicable to all phases of a system's lifecycle. The significant benefits of developing a system architecture model for GEOSS using the SoSE Process are described. An example of how the process would capture the architecture model of GEOSS is presented.      

支持多业务的下一代网络体系结构探讨

下一代网络（NGN）是基于新一代网络技术的业务驱动型网络,能够将目前存在的各类异构网融合成一个统一的网络.其重要特征之一就在于新业务的开发和提供,能支持更多更有价值的服务及应用,特别是支持视像应用及多媒体应用.文章主要描述了由一些标准化组织建议的下一代网络的业务提供方法,以支持各类复杂的、增强型等未来业务.     

A Case for an International Consortium on System-of-Systems Engineering

A system-of-systems (SoS) conceptualization is essential in resolving issues involving heterogeneous independently operable systems to achieve a unique purpose. Successful operation as an SoS requires communication among appropriate individuals and groups across enterprises through an effective protocol. This paper presents a position on the creation of a consortium of concerned system engineers and scientists worldwide to examine the problems and solutions strategies associated with SoS. The consortium could lead efforts in clarifying ambiguities and in seeking remedies to numerous open questions with respect to SoS analysis, SoS engineering (SoSE), as well as differences between systems engineering (SE) and SoSE. The mission of this consortium is envisioned to: 1) act as a neutral party; 2) provide a forum to put forth Calls to Action; and 3) establish a community of interest to recommend a set of solutions.     

Agent-Based Control Framework for Mass Customization Manufacturing With UHF RFID Technology

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology adoption in business environments has seen strong growth in recent years. Adopting an appropriate RFID-based information system has become increasingly important for enterprises making complex and highly customized products. However, most firms still use conventional barcode and run-card systems to manage their manufacturing processes. These systems often require human intervention during the production process. As a result, traditional systems are not able to fulfill the growing demand for managing dynamic process flows and are not able to obtain real-time work-in-process (WIP) views in mass customization manufacturing. This paper proposes an agent-based distributed production control framework with UHF RFID technology to help firms adapt to such a dynamic and agile manufacturing environment. This paper reports the design and development of the framework and the application of UHF RFID technology in manufacturing and logistic control applications. The framework's RFID event processing agent model is implemented in a smart end-point (SEP) device. A SEP can manage RFID readers, wirelessly communicate with shop-floor machines, make local decisions, and coordinate with other SEPs. A case study of a bicycle manufacturing company demonstrates how the proposed framework could improve a firm's mass customization operations. Results of experiments show the decentralized multiagent coordination scheme among SEPs outperformed the current practice of the firm in terms of reducing work-in-process and parts inventory.     

Human Health Care System of Systems

In this paper, we describe a human health management system scheme and its practical applications. Specifically, it focuses on health management, medical diagnosis, and surgical support system of systems engineering (SoSE). The application domains discussed here are broad and essential in health management and clinical practice. Firstly, we describe a system of systems (SoS) in human health management. Within it, a notion of health management is introduced and discussed from the viewpoint of SoS. Human health management is the first level of daily monitoring for a healthy human. Sensing and control technology during sleep are espectially focused on because the quality and quantity of sleep has considerable impact on health. Secondly, an SoS in medical diagnostic imaging is discussed. This section introduces a clinical usage of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner for the diagnosis of certain diseases. In it, there is a new system that consists of image processing system and expert medical knowledge system described by fuzzy logic. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new system, applications to human brain magnetic resonance images and orthopedic kinematic analyses are introduced. Thirdly, we describe an SoS in medical ultrasonic surgery support device. This section introduces a novel ultrasonic support system for supporting crash bone orthopedic surgery.      

电力调度信息的定制技术

为了解决海量信息涌入时电力调度信息的可阅性,提出将信息定制技术引入电力调度。通过研究电力调度技术支持系统以及调度员对信息的使用,分析总结出了基于DyLiacco思想、基于调度员思维模式和基于告警模式的3种典型的电力调度模式,提出采用信息定制技术将柔性的信息服务环境呈现给调度员,提供调度员真正需要的信息。文中对信息定制中的源数据的集成、信息的组织、用智能技术对信息进行抽取和组合的关键技术进行了分析,提出了在实现固定模式的信息定制基础上,利用机器学习等实现自由信息定制。电力调度信息定制体系可以提供个性化、高精度的信息服务,为调度员的高效率决策提供技术支撑。     

基于IEC 61850动态建立IED模型的构想

介绍并分析了基于IEC 61850标准的变电站监控主站如何利用面向对象建模、抽象服务接口及制造报文规范(MMS)提供的服务,实现设备的自我描述功能;并提出了一个简要的实现设备监控模型动态建立、设备即插即用的功能框架,并分析了其中的数据流.设备模型的动态建立作为一个相对独立的模块,只涉及到MMS很少的一部分服务,故可以分步独立开发.     

交互式手机定制与展示系统

以手机为例,研制开发了产品定制和展示系统。介绍了手机设计定制系统的用户界面与组件构成;提出了交互式定制系统的工作流程与定制实例;阐述并示例了手机虚拟展示环境,包括虚拟人模型及其结构、人体动作的设计技术。     

基于MMS的ACSI基本信息模型获取方法

IEC 61850标准的主要目标是实现不同厂商设备之间的互操作性,IEC 61850基本信息模型的获取是进行IEC 61850深层次互操作试验的前提。分析了抽象通信服务接口（ACSI）提供的应用关联、目录、数据定义以及制造报文规范（MMS）提供的初始化与变量列表等服务,给出了ACSI与MMS获取服务之间的映射规则,提出了基于MMS的ACSI基本信息模型获取的实现方法。基于上述方法设计了由ACSI管理器、特定通信服务映射（SCSM）管理器、MMS协议机、ASN.1编/解码器与ACSI/MMS应用软件所构成的原型系统,通过了互操作与功能测试。     

智能变电站一体化监控系统通信服务映射与封装方法

智能变电站一体化监控系统遵循IEC 61850与制造报文规范实现全站信息的统一建模和数据传输,实现全站信息统一的接入、存储和展示。通过对智能变电站一体化监控系统通信架构的分析,针对现有站控层通信服务接口的实现方案存在一致性和扩展性不足等问题,提出了底层实时通信协议到托管抽象通信服务的封装方法,支持面向对象和跨平台技术特性,减少站控层客户端的研发工作量,为站端监测单元与数据通信网关机等提供高效易用的基础通信服务,并给出了一致性与性能测试结果,验证了方法的正确性和可行性。     

计及供电—供水系统耦合关系的配电网故障恢复优化决策方法

在大停电事故后,协同利用本地分布式电源为关键负荷恢复供电是提升配电网韧性的有效措施.供电系统与供水系统是城市中2种具有密切耦合关系的生命线设施,若在制定恢复策略时对上述耦合关系考虑不足,会影响生命线设施的正常运转.首先挖掘了极端事件下配电网与配水网的耦合关系,在此基础上,以最大化电、水关键负荷恢复数目为目标,考虑配电网...     

Computer-aided protective relay setting system for large power networks

This paper introduces a protective relay setting system capable of handling a large network up to 10,000 buses. The remarkable features are such useful functions as network analysis (fault analysis, load flow calculation, zero-sequence current calculation, etc.), relay operation simulation, and automated setting coordination tasks. Fault currents in the maximum and the minimum operation networks are calculated to examine the setting values. The protection zones are searched automatically along the network connection. Protection coordination tasks among the primary and the backup relays composed of different types of relays can be performed by the relay operation simulation. The system is built on an engineering workstation, which works in cooperation with other network operation support systems. Its graphical user interface helps every engineer to examine the relay setting using a variety of databases.     

Modeling and impact analysis of interdependent characteristics on cascading failures in smart grids

Smart grids are increasingly interactive with communication networks and have even become interdependent networks. The majority of previous research has assumed that a minor failure might evolve into cascading failures through interactive interdependency. However, in the interdependent power grids and communication networks, the point-to-point interdependency is embedded based on certain topological characteristics rather than at random. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of different interdependencies and structure characteristics of communication networks on cascading failures in power grids. An interactive cascading model for power grids and coupled communications systems is proposed based on the redistribution of DC power flow and the routing of the open shortest path first (OSPF) strategy with consideration of the abnormal transmission, and the interdependency is analyzed numerically. Quantification of the different types of interdependencies illustrates that greater interdependency leads to a lower probability of a large blackout. Furthermore, a threshold value for the transmission inefficiency of communication networks is shown in the cascading process. The most of the power system can be functional when the transmission inefficiency is under the threshold value. Comparison of the threshold values in the double-star and the mesh communication networks illustrates that the heterogeneous characteristics of the double-star structure provide better control to mitigate cascading failures.     

基于态势感知技术的电力系统运行驾驶舱设计

随着电网规模的日益扩大以及智能电网建设的逐步深入,大量数据涌入调度控制中心。如何使电网运行管理人员从繁杂和海量的数据中提取有效信息、把握电网的运行态势,进而有效掌控电网的运行,已成为智能电网调度控制系统建设的挑战之一。按照电网运行智能化和一体化的要求,基于态势感知技术设计了电力系统运行驾驶舱(POC)的总体结构及功能模块,阐述了对智能信息引擎、智能任务引擎、人机界面、用户环境定制、预驾驶与驾驶回放服务、终端服务、移动终端服务等功能模块的要求。所提出的驾驶舱设计在南方电网得到了概念验证。     

国产DCS在大型机组上的应用技术评价

随着自动化控制技术的快速发展,国产DCS系统开始在火电机组自动控制系统中得到应用。但在600MW及1000MW超临界、超超临界机组上采用国产DCS控制系统还处于起步阶段。文章介绍了目前国内主要3种DCS控制系统的技术特点、硬件制造、工程组态、工程服务及应用业绩等,分析了国产DCS系统在大型机组上应用的技术特点,并提出实际工程应用的建议。     

电力市场环境下辅助服务问题的研究

较为全面地讨论了电力市场环境下的辅助服务问题。依据目前国际上讨论的热点内容并以电力系统实际情况为出发点 ,对适合于目前我国电力市场的辅助服务进行了定义和分类。介绍了国内外探讨和应用的辅助服务定价机制和辅助服务成本回收机制。评述了国际上几个典型的辅助服务市场 (包括英格兰和威尔士、加州、新英格兰等几个国家和地区 )。最后 ,对适用我国的辅助服务市场模式的研究方向提出了看法和建议     

智能变电站状态监测系统的设计方案

分析了智能变电站的系统结构与IEC 61850的现状,指出状态监测系统需要重点解决一次设备的智能化、IEC 61850标准的完善以及常规状态监测装置的升级改造等问题。为了保证IEC61850在智能变电站状态监测中的推广应用,又能保障现有系统到IEC 61850系统的平稳过渡,提出了现阶段切实可行的状态监测系统的设计方案...     

计及负荷侧关键基础设施耦合性的配电网恢复优化决策方法

由极端事件引发的大停电事故发生后，可利用配电网本地电源优先恢复关键基础设施负荷，从而快速恢复关键基础设施的部分或全部功能。然而，关键基础设施之间存在复杂的耦合性，且这种耦合性关系不易挖掘。若在恢复决策中对上述耦合性考虑不足，则可能造成即使恢复了某一关键基础设施的电力供应，但该关键基础设施仍无法正常运转的后果。针对此问题，文章首先挖掘极端事件后电力负荷侧关键基础设施耦合性关系，并建立可解析表达的耦合性数学模型；然后，结合耦合性模型，以最大化关键基础设施运行能力为目标，提出考虑关键基础设施耦合性的配电网恢复优化决策问题的混合整数二阶锥规划（mixed integer second-order cone program，MISOCP）模型，该模型可利用成熟的优化求解器进行有效求解；最后，设计算例验证提出的配电网恢复决策模型的有效性，通过对比说明考虑关键基础设施耦合性的恢复策略的优势。     

Re-dispatching generation to increase power system security marginand support low voltage bus

This article proposes a new method to increase a power system's security margin and/or support its low voltage bus by re-dispatching generator outputs, using a normal vector found at a voltage collapse boundary or a low voltage boundary (LVB). This method uses the normal vector as an indicator to change the generation direction so that more power can be transferred before reaching a boundary of a critical limit such as the voltage collapse boundary or LVB, etc. The method has been tested in the simulation on several systems and shows predicted results. It can be applied to many practical power systems to enhance the system's security, or to increase the system's transfer capability. It also provides technical guidance for an open access transmission in a deregulated environment, when bidding results are shown as generation patterns