Ultrastructure of connective tissue of eye drainage system in ophthalmic hypertension associated with primary juvenile glaucoma

In primary juvenile glaucoma, the connective tissue of the juxtacanalicular zone and sclera undergo constant reorganization because of incessant synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components with pronounced fluctuations of electron density of collagen fibrils. Destructive changes in the perivascular nerve trunks were detected at all stages of the glaucoma process, including the initial stages: numerous large foci of cytoplasmic organelle destruction with the formation of autophagosomes and residual bodies predominated in the cytoplasm of myelinated axons of nerve cells. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 3, pp. 348–351, March, 2008     

Changes in the content of Met-enkephalin in different brain structures during the development of immune response

Changes in the content of the opiate peptide Met-enkephalin at the early stages of immune response are studied in different structures of rats brain 20 min and 24 h after immunization with sheep erythrocytes. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 170–172, February, 1997     

Nitroxide synthase activities at different stages of adjuvant arthritis

The location and activities of nitric oxide synthases in synovial cells during different stages of inflammatory process were studied by the immunocytochemical method in animals with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Direct involvement of the NOergic mechanisms in the development of adjuvant arthritis was demonstarted. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 5, pp. 576–579, May, 2007     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the ovaries in proliferative uterine myoma

Morphofunctional changes in the ovaries in women of reproductive age with proliferative uterine myoma were studied. Disorders in folliculogenesis with primordial follicles degeneration of different degree, cystic degeneration of follicles at different stages of their development, paralleled by hyperplasia of the theca-granulosa complex and hyperestrogenemia, were detected. Morphological equivalent of hyperestrogenemia is increased content of lipid inclusions in granulosa cells, ultrastructural hyperplasia, increased volume and quantity of secretion-containing Cull-Exner bodies. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 3, pp. 352–355, March, 2006     

Use of natural antioxidants for the correction of changes in general and local parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system during experimental eye burn

The effect of natural antioxidants in grade III chemical eye burn was studied in experiments on rabbits at various stages of burn disease. The use of histochrome, Gingko Biloba, and diquertin in combination with complex drug therapy decelerated the decrease in the antioxidant potential of tear fluid and blood plasma. This treatment was also followed by a decrease in the concentration of end products of free radical oxidation. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 12, pp. 652–655, December, 2006     

Effect of systemic treatment with antibodies against glutamate on the seizure response of C57Bl/6 mice after pentylenetetrazole kindling

We studied the effect of single intraperitoneal injection of antibodies against glutamate on acute generalized epileptiform activity induced by intravenous injection of pentylenetetrazole in kindled C57Bl/6 mice. We found that in animals at various stages of kindling, administration of antibodies against glutamate in a dose of 25 mg/kg 1.5 h before testing increases the threshold of clonic seizures and tonic phase of seizures with lethal outcome and latency of seizure development, i.e. produces an antiepileptic effect. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 6, pp. 611–613, June, 2007     

Damage to erythrocyte membranes as the mechanism for acrylate toxicity

Acute poisoning with acrylates (acrylamide and acrylonitrile) was associated with damage to erythrocyte membranes: early stages of acrylamide poisoning were characterized by impairment of the acid resistance of erythrocytes, while later terms of acrylate intoxication were accompanied by condensation of erythrocyte membranes. Activation of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and erythrocytes was observed during the early stage of intoxication, while at later terms LPO intensity in erythrocytes decreased. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 12, pp. 646–648, December, 2006     

Detection of stages of autoimmune hemolytic anemia by evaluating erythrocyte deformability and density

Study of erythrocyte density and deformability in patients with hemolytic anemia, including long-term monitoring of 5 patients, helped us to characterize the pathological processes leading to changes in the erythrocyte population at different terms of the disease and to detect its main stages (agglutination, pathological dehydration, combination of pathological dehydration and microvesiculation, hemolytic crisis, and remission). Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 9, pp. 316–319, September, 2004     

Morphological differentiation of hepatocytes in different animal species during ontogeny in relation to the feeding patterns

Morphological differentiation of hepatocytes is determined by the feeding pattern during prenatal life: endogenous (chick embryo utilizing egg yolk and white at the early stages and swallowing amniotic fluid with protein at later stages of embryogenesis) or placental (rat embryo receiving all nutrients via the placenta). In the chick, morphological differentiation of hepatocytes is completed by hatching, while in the rat it is completed by the 30th day of postnatal life. Daily ultrastructural analysis of chick and rat hepatocytes during prenatal development reveals morphologic equivalents for various functional states of the hepatocyte organelles involved in the production and secretion of bile and proteins. Ultrastructural and functional changes in these organelles occur in parallel, and only lipid inclusions are stored in the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Hepatocyte differentiation is stimulated by food digestion (digestive load). Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 1, pp. 4–10, January, 1997     

Disorders in restructuring of T-cell receptor γ-chain in malignant skin lymphomas

Disorders in restructuring of T-cell receptor γ-chain in DNA from skin biopsy specimens and peripheral blood lymphocyte of patients with malignant skin lymphomas at different stages of the disease were detected by PCR. Nucleotide sequences of monoclonal T-cell receptors were determined. The study showed that DNA sequences from the skin and lymphocytes did not coincide in some cases. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 204–206, August, 2004     

Antioxidant potential of tear fluid and blood plasma in rabbits with grade III chemical eye burn at various stages of burn disease

The antioxidant potential of tear fluid and plasma in rabbits with chemical eye burn of grade III was measured at various stages of burn disease. Eye burns were accompanied by depletion of the antioxidant system in tear fluid and plasma and impairment of antioxidant defense in the whole organism. These changes contribute to activation of free radical lipid peroxidation. The pathological changes in the organism and eye were most pronounced at the stage of trophic disturbances. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 9, pp. 260–263, September, 2006     

Analysis of trajectories of eye,head, and hand movements for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Relationships between eye, head, and hand movements in patients with stages I–II Parkinson’s disease were studied using an original method. The tests for individual movements in patients and healthy individuals yielded similar results, while coordination test revealed significant differences. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 5, pp. 484–486, May, 2007     

Calmodulin expression during <Emphasis Type="Italic">Giardia intestinalis</Emphasis> differentiation and identification of calmodulin-binding proteins during the trophozoite stage

Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary sensor for calcium in the cell. It modulates various functions by activating CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs). This study examined the calcium/CaM-dependent system in the ancient eukaryote Giardia intestinalis. A specific antibody against the parasite’s CaM was developed; this protein’s expression and location during different stages of the parasite’s life cycle were analyzed. The results showed that it is a housekeeping protein which is possibly involved in the parasite’s motility. No CaMBP has been identified in G. intestinalis to date. Pull-down assays were used for isolating proteins which specifically bind to CaM in a calcium-dependent way. Three of them were identified through mass spectrometry; they were GASP180, α-tubulin, and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK).The first two are cytoskeleton proteins, and the last one is an essential enzyme for glycolysis. The presence of binding sites was analyzed through bioinformatics in each protein sequence. This is the first report of a CaMBP in this organism; it is considered to be a very interesting differentiation model, indicating that CaM is involved at least in two vital processes: G. intestinalis motility and energetic metabolism     

Oxidative and antioxidant changes during formation of unstable atherosclerotic plaque

Oxidative and antioxidant parameters (content of LPO products and oxidized proteins, initial level of paraoxonase, content of α-tocopherol, retinol, and β-carotene) were studied at different stages of atherosclerotic foci development in coronary arteries: intact intima, lipid spot, stable young plaque, unstable plaque, stable plaque with fibrosis/calcinosis, and in various types of unstable plaques. The most typical sign of unstable plaques is high level of LPO products and low retinol content. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 11, pp. 500–502, November, 2007     

Study of the Dynamics of Blastocystis Hominis Reproduction In Vitro

The dynamics of Blastocystis hominis reproduction in vitro in Pavlova’s and Nelson—Jones media was studied. The time of generation in these media was 21.5 and 16.7 h, respectively. The duration of the lag phase was 1 day, of log phase 2 days, and of the stationary phase 6 days in both cases. The cell count in the logarithmic phase increased at the expense of the vacuolar forms proliferation. During the stationary phase, the granular forms quantitatively predominated over vacuolar forms, the share of the granular forms reaching almost 100% at late stages of the subculture development.     

Various peptides as substrates for aminopeptidases from salmon eggs during embryogenesis

Seven p-nitroaniline-modified peptides were used as substrates for studies of aminopeptidase and peptidase activities in eggs of lake salmon Salmo salar Sebago at different stages of embryogenesis. The formation of p-nitroaniline during peptide hydrolysis was measured in the incubation medium and in maturing eggs. Activities of all studied aminopeptidases and peptidases increased during the development of fertilized eggs and sharply increased before hatching. L-alanin-p-NA, L-pro-p-Na, L-Arg-p-Na, and L-Phe-p-NA were hydrolyzed most of all, while N-Glt-L-Phe-p-NA and Z-Gly-Pro-p-NA least of all. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 142, No. 9, pp. 286–288, September, 2006     

Results of plastic repair of a fragment of the deferent duct by autovenous prosthesis

Plastic repair of a part of the deferent duct by a segment of autovein in a chronic experiment results in the formation of internal spermatogranuloma, which starts forming at the site of the epididymal anastomosis from days 5–7 and is completely formed by days 17–20 postoperation. These changes determine the negative outcome of the operation: obturation of the deferent duct. In addition, the pathological process (fibrous degeneration of autovenous prosthesis) progresses 30 days after the intervention. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 143, No. 2, pp. 236–240, February, 2007     

Effect of head-down hanging on the course of degenerative process in the hind paw muscles of 12-month-old MDX mice

Effect of functional unloading on the course of degenerative process in muscles was studied in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Head down-hanging of animals led to a significant decrease in the cross-section area of muscle fibers, increase in the percentage of fibers with centrally located nuclei and of Evans blue-stained fibers. Gravitation unloading of 12-month-old animals with pronounced manifestations of muscular dystrophy did not inhibit this pathological process. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 6, pp. 702–705, June, 2006     

Effect of antenatal hypoxia on age-specific dynamics of ECG parameters and content of biogenic amines in the central nervous system

We studied the effect of acute antenatal hypoxia during the stages of progestation and early organogenesis on some ECG parameters and level of biogenic amines in brain structures in rats. The effect of acute hypoxic exposure during the organogenesis period on the studied parameters was more pronounced than the effect of acute hypoxic exposure during the progestation period. The shift of the autonomic balance towards the sympathetic regulation of cardiac activity is linked with increased content of biogenic amines in the brain stem and cortical structures. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 8, pp. 155–158, August, 2007     

Mechanisms of stimulation of granulocytopoiesis with neupogen in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy

The mechanisms of granulocytopoiesis stimulation with granulocytic CSF (neupogen), added to chemotherapy protocol (adriablastine+taxotere) in patients with stages III–IV breast cancer, were studied. The hemostimulatory effect of granulocytic CSF preparation is based on stimulation of proliferation and differentiation of granulomonocytopoisis precursor cell in the hemopoietic tissue, due to neupogen effects on hemopoietic elements and on the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment cells. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 4, pp. 449–454, April, 2008