急性白血病患儿治疗期人体组成成分的变化

Objective To investigate the changes of body composition in the children with acute leukemia during different treatment stages.Methods From January 2009 to April 2010,56 children with acute leukemia hospitalized in Shanghai Children's Medical Center for chemotherapy were enrolled.Meanwhile,56 healthy children with matched age and sex were enrolled as the control group.The body compositions of children in the control group and the children with acute leukemia at the end of the first course of each treatment stages ware detected by segmental multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.The distribution of body compositions was recorded asthe percentage of each body composition to the body weighL Results Among 56 children with acute leukemia,41were with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 15 with acute nonlymphoblasdc leukemia.Twenty-three cases were in remission-induction chemotherapy stage,15 in consolidation chemotherapy stage,and 18 in maintenance chemotherapy stage.Compared with children in the control group,children with acute leukemia showed a reduction in the percentage of intracellular fluid (P = 0.000), extracellular fluid (P - 0.005), protein (P = 0.000), mineral (P = 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.000), body cell mass (P = 0.000), and active cell mass (P = 0.000), while an increase in body fat mass [(26.2 ± 8.3)% vs.(20.3±3.8)%, P=0.000].The body weight (P = 0.001), the percentage of intracellular fluid (P = 0.005), protein (P = 0.004), body cell mass (P = 0.001), and active cell mass ( P = 0.020 ) in the children during remission-induction chemotherapy stage were significantly lower than those of the healthy children.However, the parameters of the consolidation chemotherapy stage were significantly lower than those of the control group, including the percentage of intracellular fluid (P = 0.000), extracellular fluid (P =0.000), protein (P = 0.000), mineral (P =0.001), body fat mass (P =0.000), non-fat mass (P = 0.000), skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.000), body cell mass (P = 0.000), and active cell mass (P = 0.000).Most body compositions in the maintenance chemotherapy stage were lower than those of the healthy children ( P < 0.05) except for body mass index (P = 0.127) and the percentage of extracellular fluid (P = 0.097).Conclusions Body compositions remarkably change in children with acute leukemia after chemotherapy.Therefore, the nutritional status of children with acute leukemia should be closely monitored, and proper nutritional support should be provided when necessary to improve the prognosis.     

儿童急性白血病缓解期微量元素和营养相关蛋白的变化

目的 探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性粒细胞白血病缓解期某些微量元素及营养相关蛋白的变化.方法 应用原子吸收光谱法、散射比浊法、干化学法和化学发光法等,对上海儿童医学中心43例急性淋巴细胞白血病和19例急性粒细胞白血病缓解期患儿(缓解组)和30名体检正常儿童(正常对照组)红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、铁、铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、铜蓝蛋白、铜、锌及铜/锌比值等指标进行检测,并对缓解组和正常对照组之间的差异进行比较.结果 缓解组与正常对照组相比,血清总蛋白(P=0.454)、铁(P=0.769)、转铁蛋白(P=0.903)和锌(P=0.343)差异均无统计学意义.缓解组血清铁蛋白(P=0.000)、乳酸脱氢酶(P=0.000)、铜蓝蛋白(P=0.000)、铜(P=0.002)和铜/锌比值(P=0.003)均显著高于正常对照组,而红细胞计数(P=0.000)、血红蛋白含量(P=0.000)和白蛋白(P=0.046)均显著低于正常对照组.缓解组中急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性粒细胞白血病相比,除乳酸脱氢酶(P=0.025)外,其他指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性粒细胞白血病的疾病缓解期,血清中微量元素与营养相关蛋白含量正逐步恢复正常,重建原有的平衡状态.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes of serum trace elements and nutritional proteins in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia at the stage of remission.Methods Erythrocyte count,hemoglobin,serum levels of total protein,albumin,iron,ferritin,transferrin,lactate dehydrogenase,ceruloplasmin,cuprum,zinc and their ratio were measured in 43 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia,19patients with acute myeloid leukemia at stages of remission(remission groups),and 30 healthy controls(control group)enrolled from Shanghai Children's Medical Center using atomic absorption spectrometry,nophelometry assay,dry chemical method,and chemiluminescence method.The differences of these indicators between remission groups and control group were analyzed.Results Serum levels of total protein(P=0.454),iron(P=0.769),transferrin(P=0.903),and zinc(P=0.343)were not significantly different between the remission groups and the control group.Serum levels of ferritin(P=0.000),lactate dehydrogenase(P=0.000),ceruloplasmin(P=0.000),cuprum(P=0.002),and Cu/Zn ratio(P=0.003)in the remission groups were significantly higher than those in control group.On the contrary,erythrocyte count(P=0.000),hemoglobin(P=0.000)and albumin(P=0.046)were significantly lowerin remission groups than those of control group.Serum levels of all detected indicators were not significantly different between the acute lymphoblastic leukemia remission group and acute myeloid leukemia remission group(P>0.05)except for lactate dehydrogenase(P=0.025).Conclusion At the remission stage of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia,serum levels of some trace elements and nutritional proteins gradually returned to normal,and the original balance is established again.     

尿中金属元素水平与儿童急性白血病之间的关系

目的 探讨尿液中金属元素水平与儿童急性白血病发病之间的关系. 方法 选取2007年9月至2008年8月就诊于上海儿童医学中心的71例新发急性白血病患儿作为病例组,患儿均15岁以下且排除唐氏综合征及其他肿瘤性疾病.以同期就诊于该院的,年龄性别与病例组匹配,且无肿瘤和先天性疾病病史的113例患儿作为对照组.应用问卷调查研究对象一般情况,同时取其随机尿(病例组尿液取白化疗前),用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测尿液中金属元素含量,运用logistic模型对其进行单因素和多因素分析. 结果 问卷调查显示,母亲孕期或孕前3个月服用铁剂者,在病例组和对照组中的构成比分别为28.2%(20/71)和14.2%(16/113),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.438,P=0.02).单因素分析显示,两组尿中含量差异有统计学意义的元素分别为钒、锰、铁、钴、铜、砷、钡,且均为病例组高于对照组;病例组和对照组中钒的含量(中位数)分别为5.39、3.04 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=9.03,P＜0.05),锰为4.46、2.44 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=10.57,P＜0.05),铁为58.69、14.09 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=13.41,P＜0.05),钴为0.98、0.77 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=4.46,P＜0.05),铜为61.17、10.90 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=8.15,P＜0.05),砷为55.93、36.11 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=4.57,P＜0.05),钡为8.55、2.87 ng/mg肌酐(Wald x2=4.82,P＜0.05).多因素分析显示,尿中铁元素含量升高可增加儿童急性白血病发病风险(OR=1.009;95%CI=1.002～1.016). 结论 体内铁的水平与儿童急性白血病发病相关,其具体机制有待进一步深入研究.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relation between the level of metallic elements in urine and childhood acute leukemia. Methods A total of 71 patients under 15 years old who were newly diagnosed with acute leukemia between September 2007 and August 2008 without Downs' syndrome or other tumors,and 113 gender-and age-matched controls without tunors or congenital diseases were enrolled for the case-control study.The general data and potential risk factors were obtained by questionnaires.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the metal concentrations in urine,which was collected randomly before chemotherapy.Logistic regression model was performed for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The questionnaire showed that there was significant difference in the proportion of children whose mothers had taken iron supplements during or 3 months before pregnancy between case group and control group,which was 28.2% (20/71) and 14.2% (16/113) respectively (Wald x2 = 5.438,P =0.02).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of vanadium,manganese,iron,cobalt,copper,arsenic,and barium in urine from case group were all higher than those of control group with significant difference.The median values for vanadium in urine from case and control groups were 5.39 and 3.04 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 9.03,P ＜ 0.05);the median values for manganese were respectively 4.46 and 2.44 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 10.57,P ＜0.05);the median values for iron were separately 58.69 and 14.09 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 13.41,P ＜ 0.05);the median values for cobalt were respectively 0.98 and 0.77 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 4.46,P ＜ 0.05);the median values for copper were 61.17 and 10.90 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 8.15,P ＜ 0.05);the median values for arsenic were respectively 55.93 and 36.11 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 4.57,P ＜ 0.05);and the median values for barium were 8.55 and 2.87 ng/mg creatinine (Wald x2 = 4.82,P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the level of iron in urine had a significantly positive relation with the incidence of childhood acute leukemia (OR = 1.009,95% CI = 1.002-1.016). Conclusion The level of iron in urine might be related to the occurrence of childhood acute leukemia,but its specific role needs further investigation.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿骨髓间充质干细胞对K562细胞株药物耐受性的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the resistance of K562cell atd mechanism in vitro.Method MSCs were obtained from AL children bone marrow after derivation, cultivation and identification.The coculture of MSCs and K562 and K562 suspension were established.Effects of MSCs on the growth of K562 cells were investigated in vivo.The two kinds of cells treated with different concentration of adriamycin (ADM) and the rate of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry.Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry.RT-PCR was used to detect Bcl-2 and Bax in K562 cells.Result Compared with the cell growth curve of K562 alone, the K562 cell co-cultured with MSCs grew slower and the exponential phase of growth was not obvious.The apoptosis index of the K562 cells co- clutured with MSCs was (9.19 ±0.53)% examined by flow cytometry, and that of the K562 cells alone was 4.00 ± 0.37% respectively( P ＜ 0.05 ).The percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase was (50.2 ± 2.26) % and that at S phase was (37.03 ± 3.50) % in the group of K562 alone, but those of the K562 cells co - cultured with MSCs were (80.95 ± 3.83) % and ( 17.40 ± 1.50)% respectively( P ＜0.05).The result of RT-PCR suggested expression of Bcl-2/Bax of the K562 cell co-cultured with MSCs was higher than K562 alone.Conclusion ALL children MSCs suppressed the growth of K562 cell in vitro.Adhesion made K562 depress sensitive to ADM.The mechanism was perhaps caused by adhesion with MSCs, K562 cell cycle was changed and related to Bcl-2 gene high level expression.     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿骨髓间充质干细胞对K562细胞株药物耐受性的影响

Objective To study the effect of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the resistance of K562cell atd mechanism in vitro.Method MSCs were obtained from AL children bone marrow after derivation, cultivation and identification.The coculture of MSCs and K562 and K562 suspension were established.Effects of MSCs on the growth of K562 cells were investigated in vivo.The two kinds of cells treated with different concentration of adriamycin (ADM) and the rate of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry.Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry.RT-PCR was used to detect Bcl-2 and Bax in K562 cells.Result Compared with the cell growth curve of K562 alone, the K562 cell co-cultured with MSCs grew slower and the exponential phase of growth was not obvious.The apoptosis index of the K562 cells co- clutured with MSCs was (9.19 ±0.53)% examined by flow cytometry, and that of the K562 cells alone was 4.00 ± 0.37% respectively( P ＜ 0.05 ).The percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase was (50.2 ± 2.26) % and that at S phase was (37.03 ± 3.50) % in the group of K562 alone, but those of the K562 cells co - cultured with MSCs were (80.95 ± 3.83) % and ( 17.40 ± 1.50)% respectively( P ＜0.05).The result of RT-PCR suggested expression of Bcl-2/Bax of the K562 cell co-cultured with MSCs was higher than K562 alone.Conclusion ALL children MSCs suppressed the growth of K562 cell in vitro.Adhesion made K562 depress sensitive to ADM.The mechanism was perhaps caused by adhesion with MSCs, K562 cell cycle was changed and related to Bcl-2 gene high level expression.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的炎症反应与营养不良密切相关

Objective To study the relationship between inflammation and malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 85 patients with stable COPD and 30 healthy subjects were recruited .All patients were divided into the lower body mass index (BMI,BMI<18.5 kg/m~2) group and normal BMI (BMI=18.5-23.9 kg/m~2) group.Lung function,arterial blood gall,cell differenti-als in induced sputum,and the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin-8(IL-8),interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-10 (IL-10),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined.Results The levels of total cell count and neutrophils in induced sputum were significantly higher in lower BMI group than in normal BMI group and healthy subjects (P<0.05).The forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage,forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity,and arterial oxygen tension were significantly lower in lower BMI group than in normal BMI group,and the arterial carbon dioxide tension was significantly higher in lower BMI group than in normal BMI group (P<0.05).The levels of serum CRP,IL-8,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly higher in lower BMI group than those in normal BMI group and healthy subjects (P<0.05).In lower BMI group,BMI was negatively correlated with total cell count (r=-0.492,P=0.0038) and neutrophils (r=-0.501,P=0.0032) in induced sputum and the levels of serum CRP (r=-0.473,P=0.0083),IL-8(r=-0.382,P=0.0421),IL-6(r=-0.422,P=0.0147),and TNF-α(r=-0.416,P=0.0156),respectively.Conclu-sion Local and systemic inflammatory reaction is responsible for malnutrition associated with COPD.     

组氨酸脱羧酶、肠道脂肪酸结合蛋白和二胺氧化酶在肠梗阻患者肠黏膜损伤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清组氨酸脱羧酶(HDC)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)在肠梗阻患者肠黏膜损伤(IMI)诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法检测HDC、I-FABP和DAO在28例绞窄性肠梗阻患者、19例单纯性肠梗阻患者、17例急性单纯性阑尾炎患者治疗前和20名健康对照者血清中的表达水平,并对其受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)进行比较;观察3组患者全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和感染并发症发生情况,并比较各诊断指标在其中的表达差异及与SIRS和感染并发症的相关性.结果 血清中HDC、I-FABP和DAO的表达水平均在绞窄性肠梗阻组中最高,明显高于其他3组(P均<0.001),3种指标的表达水平在单纯性肠梗阻组亦明显高于急性单纯性阑尾炎组和正常对照组(P均<0.05).HDC的AUC为0.913,大于I-FABP及DAO的0.877(P=0.000)和0.873(P=0.000).当HDC的临界值≥31.00 ng/ml时,其灵敏度为74.5%,特异度为94.6%,假阴性率为25.5%,假阳性率为5.4%,均优于I-FABP和DAO.绞窄性肠梗阻组、单纯性肠梗阻组及急性单纯性阑尾炎组的SIRS(P=0.046)和腹腔感染(P=0.027)发生率差异有统计学意义,而肺部感染发生率在3组患者中差异无统计学意义(P=0.728).血清HDC在绞窄性肠梗阻组的SIRS(P=0.000)和腹腔感染(P=0.002)患者中表达水平均显著高于未感染患者,血清I-FABP(P=0.027)及DAO(P=0.017)在绞窄性肠梗阻组的SIRS患者中表达水平均高于未感染患者.HDC、I-FABP及DAO的表达水平与SIRS及腹腔感染显著相关(P均<0.05),其中HDC与SIRS相关性最高(R=0.608,P=0.001).结论 血清HDC是一种有效的诊断肠梗阻患者IMI的生物学指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical values of serum histidine decarboxylase(HDC),intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),and diamine oxidase(DAO)for diagnosing intestinal mucosal injury (IMI)in patients with intestinal obstruction.Methods The expression levels of serum HDC,I-FABP,and DAO in 28 patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction,19 patients with simple intestinal obstruction,17 patients with acute simple appendicitis,and 20 healthy control were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)before clinical treatment,and then the areaa under receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)of these diagnostic indicators were compared.In addition,the incidences of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)and infectious complications were closely observed.The difference of the expressions of HDC,I-FABP,and DAO and their relationship with SIRS and infectious complications were compared among these patients and controls.Results The expression levels of serum HDC, I-FABP, and DAO were the highest in patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction (all P < 0.001), and the expression levels of these three indicators were significantly higher in patients with simple intestinal obstruction than in those with acute simple appendicitis or healthy controls (all P<0.05).The AUC of HDC (0.913) was significantly larger than that of I-FABP (0.877, P =0.000) and DAO (0.873, P = 0.000).When the cut-off value of HDC ≥31.00 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, and false positive rate of HDC were 74.5% , 94.6% , 25.5% , and 5.4% , respectively,which were all better than those of I-FABP and DAO.There were significant differences of the incidence of SIRS ( P = 0.046) and abdominal infection (P = 0.027) among patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction, patients with simple intestinal obstruction, and patients with acute simple appendicitis, while lung infection showed no such significant difference (P = 0.728).The expression level of serum HDC was significantly higher in patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction who were also suffered from SIRS ( P = 0.000) or abdominal infection ( P =0.002) than that of uninfected patients.Meanwhile, the expression levels of serum I-FABP and DAO were significantly higher in the SIRS patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction than that of uninfected patients ( P = 0.027, P=0.017, respectively).The expression levels of HDC, I-FABP, and DAO were significantly correlated with the incideces of SIRS and abdominal infection ( all P < 0.05 ) , among which the level of HDC and the incidence of SIRS had the highest correlation (R = 0.608, P = 0.001).Conclusion HDC can be an effective indicator for diagnosing IMI in patients with intestinal obstruction.     

组氨酸脱羧酶、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白和二胺氧化酶在肠梗阻患者肠黏膜损伤诊断中的价值

Objective To investigate the clinical values of serum histidine decarboxylase(HDC),intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),and diamine oxidase(DAO)for diagnosing intestinal mucosal injury (IMI)in patients with intestinal obstruction.Methods The expression levels of serum HDC,I-FABP,and DAO in 28 patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction,19 patients with simple intestinal obstruction,17 patients with acute simple appendicitis,and 20 healthy control were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)before clinical treatment,and then the areaa under receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)of these diagnostic indicators were compared.In addition,the incidences of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)and infectious complications were closely observed.The difference of the expressions of HDC,I-FABP,and DAO and their relationship with SIRS and infectious complications were compared among these patients and controls.Results The expression levels of serum HDC, I-FABP, and DAO were the highest in patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction (all P < 0.001), and the expression levels of these three indicators were significantly higher in patients with simple intestinal obstruction than in those with acute simple appendicitis or healthy controls (all P<0.05).The AUC of HDC (0.913) was significantly larger than that of I-FABP (0.877, P =0.000) and DAO (0.873, P = 0.000).When the cut-off value of HDC ≥31.00 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, and false positive rate of HDC were 74.5% , 94.6% , 25.5% , and 5.4% , respectively,which were all better than those of I-FABP and DAO.There were significant differences of the incidence of SIRS ( P = 0.046) and abdominal infection (P = 0.027) among patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction, patients with simple intestinal obstruction, and patients with acute simple appendicitis, while lung infection showed no such significant difference (P = 0.728).The expression level of serum HDC was significantly higher in patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction who were also suffered from SIRS ( P = 0.000) or abdominal infection ( P =0.002) than that of uninfected patients.Meanwhile, the expression levels of serum I-FABP and DAO were significantly higher in the SIRS patients with strangulated intestinal obstruction than that of uninfected patients ( P = 0.027, P=0.017, respectively).The expression levels of HDC, I-FABP, and DAO were significantly correlated with the incideces of SIRS and abdominal infection ( all P < 0.05 ) , among which the level of HDC and the incidence of SIRS had the highest correlation (R = 0.608, P = 0.001).Conclusion HDC can be an effective indicator for diagnosing IMI in patients with intestinal obstruction.     

学龄期儿童膳食钙与骨密度的关系

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the nutritional status of dietary calcium intake in school-age children in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the second and third grade students of 10 primary schools in Yangpu District and Baoshan District in Shanghai. Food frequency questionnaire was used tu estimate the relative intake of dietary calcium of students in 6 primary schools in Baoshnn District. Quantitative ultrasound bone density examination was used to estimate the calcaneal BMD.The relation-ship between calcium intake and BMD was analyzed.Results The average calcium intake was 647 mg/d among ested students.BMD was not significantly different among different age groups (F=1.595,P=0.173),while Z-score was significantly different among different age groups (F=16.02,P=0.000).The total calcium intake was not correlated with BMD or Z-score.The percentage of dairy calcium intake was positively correlated with BMD (r=0.097,P=0.015)and Z-score (r=O.117,P=0.003),the percentage of non-dairy calcium intake and the non-dairy calcium intake were negatively correlated with BMD (r=-0.097,P=0.015) and Z-score(r=-0.110,P=0.006).When the total dietary calcium intake was ≥600 mg/d,BMD and Z-score significantly higherin students with high dairy calcium intake than those with low dairy calcium intake (P<0.05).When the total dietary calcium intake was <600mg/d,BMD and Z-score were higher in students with high dairy calcium in-take than in those with low dairy calcium intake,although no statistical significance was noted (P>0.05).Conclusions BMD and Z-score increase along with the increase of dairy calcium intake.Such effect becomes even more obvious when the total dietary calcium intake is ≥600 mg/d.     

儿童急性白血病缓解期微量元素和营养相关蛋白的变化

目的 探讨儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性粒细胞白血病缓解期某些微量元素及营养相关蛋白的变化.方法 应用原子吸收光谱法、散射比浊法、干化学法和化学发光法等,对上海儿童医学中心43例急性淋巴细胞白血病和19例急性粒细胞白血病缓解期患儿(缓解组)和30名体检正常儿童(正常对照组)红细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、铁、铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、铜蓝蛋白、铜、锌及铜/锌比值等指标进行检测,并对缓解组和正常对照组之间的差异进行比较.结果 缓解组与正常对照组相比,血清总蛋白(P=0.454)、铁(P=0.769)、转铁蛋白(P=0.903)和锌(P=0.343)差异均无统计学意义.缓解组血清铁蛋白(P=0.000)、乳酸脱氢酶(P=0.000)、铜蓝蛋白(P=0.000)、铜(P=0.002)和铜/锌比值(P=0.003)均显著高于正常对照组,而红细胞计数(P=0.000)、血红蛋白含量(P=0.000)和白蛋白(P=0.046)均显著低于正常对照组.缓解组中急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性粒细胞白血病相比,除乳酸脱氢酶(P=0.025)外,其他指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性粒细胞白血病的疾病缓解期,血清中微量元素与营养相关蛋白含量正逐步恢复正常,重建原有的平衡状态.     

维持性血液透析患者透析充分性的影响因素分析

目的 采用生物电阻抗法（bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA）探讨影响维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者透析充分性的人体成分、营养因素以及影响程度。方法 选取2017年11月 - 2019年5月在四川某三甲医院血液透析中心进行MHD的140例患者,收集患者一般情况、体成分和血液检查指标,并以尿素氮清除率（the urea clearance index,Kt/V）作为透析充分性的评价指标。根据Kt/V的结果分为透析充分组（Kt/V≥1.2）与透析不充分组（Kt/V＜1.2）,将可能影响透析充分性的人体成分因素与营养指标纳入多元逐步回归分析,确定影响MHD患者透析充分性的因素。结果 透析充分组的男性构成比（χ2 = 7.265,P = 0.007）、白蛋白（t = 4.235,P＜0.001）、相位角（t = 3.974,P＜0.001）均高于透析不充分组,细胞内水分（t = - 3.476,P = 0.001）、细胞外水分（t = - 4.753,P＜0.001）、细胞总水分（t = - 4.186,P＜0.001）、细胞外水分/细胞总水分（Z = - 4.307,P＜0.001）、去脂体重（t = - 4.076,P＜0.001）、身体质量指数（t = - 3.861,P＜0.001）、身体细胞量（t = - 3.367,P = 0.001）、骨矿物质含量（t = - 4.035,P＜0.001）、肌肉减少构成比（χ2 = 7.875,P = 0.005）均低于透析不充分组。logistic回归分析结果显示,白蛋白（OR = 0.886,95%CI:(0.803～0.977),P = 0.016）、细胞外水分/细胞总水分（OR = 2.386,95%CI:1.932～2.948,P = 0.001）、身体质量指数（OR = 1.197,95%CI:(1.031～1.389),P = 0.019）、身体细胞量（OR = 1.154,95%CI:1.054～1.264,P = 0.002）为透析充分性的独立影响因素。结论 白蛋白、身体质量指数、身体细胞量、细胞外水分/细胞总水分影响血液透析患者透析充分性,定期监测人体成分与营养状况,提高营养状况,有助于达到透析充分性,保障血液透析治疗效果,提高患者的生存质量。     

肾图指导中/高危急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童大剂量甲氨蝶呤化疗疗效分析

目的 本研究旨在通过对比分析,探讨肾图在中/高危急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童大剂量甲氨蝶呤（high-dose methotrexate,HD-MTX）化疗中的应用。方法 304例病人回顾性研究,按照第一次HD-MTX化疗前是否肾图检查分为A,B两组,A组根据肾图检查结果调整甲氨蝶呤（methotrexate,MTX）化疗剂量。比较两组胃肠道反应、黏膜炎、肝功能损害、骨髓抑制、合并感染等副反应,以及MTX浓度范围,亚叶酸钙（calcium folinate,CF）解救剂量（CF/MTX）,研究AB两组间差异是否有统计学意义。结果 两组胃肠道反应（χ2=92.809,P<0.001）,粘膜炎（Z=4.257,P<0.001）,感染（χ2=7.352,P=0.007）,以及MTX浓度范围上的差异（χ2=35.553,P<0.001）,以及CF解救剂量（CF/MTX）（χ2=35.526,P<0.001）差异有统计学意义。结论 中/高危急淋患儿HD-MTX化疗前进行肾图检查,个体化给予MTX剂量,可以在保证有效MTX药物浓度同时,明显减少MTX化疗的副反应,减少亚叶酸钙的解救剂量。     

儿童急性白血病中枢神经系统浸润的防治进展

中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)是儿童急性白血病(AL)复发的根源和治疗的难点,CNSL的预防和治疗已成为儿童AL治疗的关键之一。CNSL可发生在AL的任何时期,以急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者最多见。其高危发病因素有初发病时高白细胞、有明显的髓外浸润表现、T细胞型、成熟B细胞型、有t(4,11)或Ph+遗传学特征等。脑脊液涂片发现白血病细胞最具诊断意义。CNSL的治疗重点在于预防,主要的治疗方法有鞘注化疗、全身系统化疗、及头颅放疗。已有越来越多的学者认为,以有效、系统的个体化化疗及理想的鞘内治疗为基础,而不再强调放射治疗,不会影响AL患儿的长期生存率。     

Body composition in children in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BACKGROUND: Changes in body composition are commonly reported in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the effect of ALL and of its treatment on body composition in children in remission from ALL has not been fully examined with the use of a reference method. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the body composition and composition of fat-free mass (FFM) in children in remission from ALL. We also aimed to compare the effects that prednisolone and dexamethasone had on the body composition of an ALL survivor population. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study measured height, weight, body volume, total body water, and bone mineral content in 24 children in remission from ALL and 24 age-matched, healthy control subjects. Body composition and FFM composition were evaluated by using the 4-component model. RESULTS: The mean body mass index and fat mass index were significantly (P = 0.05 for both) higher in the ALL survivors than in age-matched control subjects. The composition of the FFM in the 2 treatment groups was not observed to differ significantly. Examination of the composition of FFM made it evident that children in remission from ALL had both significantly greater hydration (P = 0.001) and lower density (P = 0.0001) of FFM than did the control children. CONCLUSIONS: Children in remission from ALL may develop excess body fat. To measure body composition accurately in an ALL population, the high hydration and low density of FFM in this population should be taken into consideration.     

对PICC带管出院白血病化疗患儿实施延续性护理的效果评价

目的 探讨延续性护理在经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)带管出院白血病化疗患儿中的干预效果。方法 选择2018年11月—2020年11月驻马店市中心医院收治的白血病患儿88例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组采取常规护理,观察组采用延续性护理。比较两组干预前和干预30 d患儿家属负性情绪[焦虑分量表(HAD-A)和抑郁分量表(HAD-D)]评分和自我护理能力[自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)]评分,置管并发症发生情况。结果 干预后观察组患儿家属HAD-A(7.02±1.34)分、HAD-D(5.21±1.29)分,分别低于对照组的(9.89±1.52)分、(7.24±1.38)分,有统计学差异(t=9.395、7.128,P<0.000)。干预后观察组ESCA(110.87±13.51)分,高于对照组的(98.76±13.24)分,有统计学差异(t=4.246,P<0.000)。观察组置管并发症总发生率4.55%,低于对照组的18.18%,有统计学差异(χ2=4.062,P=0.044)。结论 延续性护理能够缓解PICC带管出院白血病化疗患儿家属消极情绪,提升家属自我护理能力,减少置管并发症发生。     

儿童人格特征和饮食行为与肥胖的相关性

  目的  探讨饮食行为在人格特征与儿童肥胖关联中的作用, 为有效预防中国儿童肥胖提供科学依据。  方法  2018年9月在北京、山西长治、新疆乌鲁木齐3个地区调查1 271名小学四年级儿童。采用大五人格量表简表测量人格特征, 使用儿童饮食行为问卷测量儿童饮食行为, 通过体格检查获取5个肥胖相关指标。  结果  校正性别、年龄和地区后, 严谨性人格标准化评分与儿童BMI(B=-0.227, 95%CI=-0.422~-0.031)、BMI Z评分(B=-0.081, 95%CI=-0.158~-0.006)、腰围(B=-0.720, 95%CI=-1.281~-0.159)、腰臀围比(B=-0.004, 95%CI=-0.007~ -0.001)和体脂百分比(B=-0.727, 95%CI=-1.293~-0.162)均呈负相关(P值均 < 0.05)。中介作用分析结果显示, 严谨性人格可能通过食物响应和情绪性过食行为影响BMI、BMI Z评分、腰围、腰臀围比和体脂百分比; 食物响应和情绪性过食行为在严谨性人格与5个肥胖相关指标的中介作用占总效应的比例分别为27.5%~47.1%和0.9%~18.0%(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  严谨性人格与较低的儿童肥胖风险相关, 食物响应和情绪性过食行为是两者关联的中介因素。应针对严谨性较低的儿童及时开展健康教育, 以早期预防肥胖的发生。     

恶性实体瘤继发白血病患儿的诊疗及预后

目的探讨恶性实体瘤患儿放、化疗后,继发白血病的临床特点、类型、治疗及预后。 方法选择北京同仁医院2007年5月至2017年5月,收治的2 269例恶性实体瘤患儿中,随访至2019年1月时,已经被确诊为继发白血病的3例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析这3例患儿的临床病例资料,包括原发恶性实体瘤及继发白血病的临床特点、治疗及预后等。本研究符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。对患儿的治疗,其家属均知情同意。 结果①原发恶性实体瘤类型及其确诊时患儿年龄：3例患儿原发恶性实体瘤类型分别为腹膜后神经母细胞瘤(NB)4期(患儿1)、左眼眶横纹肌肉瘤(RMS)Ⅲ期(患儿2)、左眼视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)眼外期(患儿3),均为男性患儿;其确诊时年龄分别为2岁1个月、8岁和3岁。②原发恶性实体瘤的治疗方案及疗效：对患儿1化疗29个周期结合手术、自体外周血造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后,达到非常好部分缓解(VGPR);对患儿2化疗12个周期结合手术及眼眶区放疗后,达到完全缓解(CR);对患儿3化疗14个周期及手术后,达到CR。③恶性实体瘤化疗药物应用特点：3例患儿采用的化疗药物均包括长春新碱及依托泊苷,应用周期最长分别为,NB患儿采用长春新碱15个周期及RB患儿采用依托泊苷14个周期。应用铂类药物最长周期为,RB患儿采用卡铂14个周期,NB患儿采用顺铂8个周期。④继发白血病的诊治及预后：NB、RMS及RB患儿继发白血病的时间,距离原发肿瘤停止放化疗的时间分别为6、25、10个月;白血病分型：NB、RMS患儿均为急性髓细胞白血病(AML)(M2型),RB患儿则为急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)(L2型)。针对继发白血病治疗后,NB及RMS患儿于继发白血病确诊后的12、5个月死亡;RB患儿经化疗及半相合异基因HSCT后,白血病达到CR,获得无病生存。 结论长期化疗,可能为恶性实体瘤患儿发生继发白血病的主要原因。恶性实体瘤患儿化疗后,应针对白血病相关检查指标进行监测,以达到对其继发白血病的早诊断、早治疗目的。     

超声检测成年男性腹壁脂肪厚度与体成分的相关性研究

目的：探讨超声测量成年男性腹壁脂肪厚度（subcutaneous fat thickness,SFT）与身体成分（体脂肪率、脂肪质量、内脏脂肪率）的关系,了解超声评估腹部脂肪含量的临床价值.方法：以358例空军地勤及空勤人员为研究对象,晨起空腹,应用频率为7 Hz的超声线阵探头测量SFT,根据SFT值将被测者分为低、中、高值3组;采用生物电阻抗法进行身体成分测定.计算和比较腹部脂肪厚度与身体成分的相关性.结果：SFT平均值为（1.22±0.55）cm,与低值组比较,中、高值组体脂成分明显增加（P＜0.01）,SFT与体脂肪率（r=-0.680,P=0.000）、脂肪质量（r=0.699,P=0.000）和内脏脂肪率（r=0.769,P=0.000）均呈正相关.结论：采用B超、生物电阻抗法评估身体脂肪有很好的相关性,超声测量SFT具有简便准确、可重复性高的特点,可以用于体脂相关研究及临床应用.