全反式维甲酸对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障通透性和ZO-1表达的影响

目的探讨全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障通透性和紧密连接蛋白ZO-1的影响。方法选取180只健康雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham,60只),缺血再灌注组(I/R,60只)和全反式维甲酸干预组(ATRA,60只),每组又细分为1d、3d和7d三个亚组。采用Zea Longa法制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,伊文思蓝渗透性实验检测血脑屏障通透性变化,免疫组织化学方法法和Western blot方法检测各组大鼠脑组织ZO-1蛋白的表达,Real-time PCR方法检测各组大鼠脑组织ZO-1mRNA的表达。结果缺血再灌注后,EB含量在1d时含量最高,3d时开始逐渐下降,而与相同时间点的I/R组相比,ATRA组EB含量显著降低(P0.01)。与Sham组相比,I/R组大鼠脑组织ZO-1蛋白及mRNA的表达水平均显著降低(P0.01),而与相同时间点的I/R组相比,ATRA组大鼠脑组织ZO-1蛋白及mRNA的表达水平均显著升高。结论全反式维甲酸降低大鼠脑缺血再灌注血脑屏障通透性可能与上调脑缺血再灌注后脑组织中ZO-1的表达相关。     

丁苯酞预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及可能机制

目的丁苯酞预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后脑水肿、血脑屏障和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响。方法选取48只健康雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham,16只),缺血再灌注组(I/R,16只)和丁苯酞干预组(TanⅡA,16只),用线栓法阻塞大鼠右大脑中动脉制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。干湿重法测定脑含水量反映脑水肿程度,比色法测定脑组织伊文思蓝(EB)含量反映血脑屏障的损伤程度,免疫组织化学方法法和Western blot方法检测各组大鼠脑组织MMP-9蛋白表达,Real-time PCR检测MMP-9m RNA表达。结果相比于假手术组,缺血再灌注组大鼠脑含水量及EB含量显著升高,而NBP预处理组脑含水量及EB含量明显降低(0.01)。相比于假手术组,缺血再灌注组大鼠脑组织MMP-9蛋白及及m RNA的表达水平均显著升高,NBP预处理组则显著降低(0.01)。结论 NBP预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,可能与调节MMP-9的表达、降低血脑屏障通透性和减轻脑水肿相关。     

沉默排斥性导向分子A对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血脑屏障的保护作用

目的 观察沉默排斥性导向分子A（RGMa）对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血脑屏障及紧密连接蛋白的影响。 方法 雄性成年 SD 大鼠立体定位侧脑室注射腺病毒后建立大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO) /再灌注（I/R）模型。将成年雄性SD大鼠40只,分为空白对照组（sh-con）和RGMa干扰组（sh-RGMa）,分别在注射后1 d和3d观察腺病毒对RGMa的影响。将其余120只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（sham）、缺血再灌注组（I/R）、空病毒组（I/R+sh-con）及病毒组（I/R+sh-RGMa）;I/R 72 h 后采用神经功能缺损评分评估各组大鼠神经功能恢复情况; 采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色测量脑梗死体积;采用静脉注射伊文思蓝观察血脑屏障通透性的改变;应用Western blotting和免疫组织化学染色检测RGMa的变化;应用Western blotting检测血脑屏障完整性相关紧密连接蛋白5（claudin-5）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）和闭锁小带蛋白1（ZO-1）的表达。 结果 缺血再灌注后 72 h,I/R组较 sham 组神经功能评分降低,沉默RGMa能改善血脑屏障通透性,减少脑梗死体积;可下调MMP-9及上调claudin-5和ZO-1的表达。 结论 沉默RGMa对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的血脑屏障有保护作用。     

大豆异黄酮对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响及其机制

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮(SI)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠的血脑屏障(BBB)通透性的影响及相关机制。方法 72只健康成年SD大鼠均分为假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和SI预处理组(SI组),每组各24只。SI组每天按120 mg/kg体质量给予12 mg/mL SI灌胃1次,Sham组和I/R组每天用等体积生理盐水灌胃1次,均连续灌胃21 d。在实验第22天,I/R组和SI组大鼠用线栓阻断右侧大脑中动脉血流制作大脑中动脉缺血再灌注动物模型;Sham组不插入线栓,未阻断血流,其余手术操作与I/R和SI组一致。I/R组和SI组大鼠缺血2 h后,拔出阻塞的线栓恢复血流,再灌注24 h。根据Zea longa评分,选择造模成功的大鼠。采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)检测大鼠脑梗死体积,干湿重法检测脑组织含水量,伊文思蓝(EB)示踪法检测BBB通透性,Western blot检测脑组织MMP-9、TIMP-1蛋白表达。比较三组大鼠的测量数据,分析SI预处理对以上观测指标的影响。结果 SI组和I/R组大鼠的神经功能评分、脑梗死体积、脑组织含水量和脑组织内EB含量均高于Sham组,而SI组低于I/R组,分别为(1.50±1.13)、(2.33±0.82)和(0.00±0.00)分,12.5%±2.34%、37.50%±2.28%和0.07%±0.03%,81.75%±0.86%、84.17%±0.54%和78.24%±0.41%,(46.50±1.41)、(55.44±1.37)和(3.83±1.49)μg/g,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。SI组和I/R组MMP-9、TIMP-1表达均明显高于Sham组,分别为0.81±0.23、1.15±0.14、1.15±0.14和2.31±0.20、1.62±0.21、1.62±0.21,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);与I/R组相比,SI组MMP-9表达减少、TIMP-1表达增加,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。结论 SI可能通过下调缺血再灌注后脑组织MMP-9蛋白表达和上调TIMP-1蛋白表达,降低BBB的通透性,减轻缺血再灌注后脑水肿的程度和脑组织EB的含量。     

大鼠脑缺血时紧密连接相关蛋白occludin和claudin-5表达的变化

目的研究脑缺血后血脑屏障通透性和紧密连接相关蛋白occludin和claudin-5的变化。方法线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型,采用伊文氏兰(EB)法检测缺血后血脑屏障通透性的变化。应用免疫组织化学的方法观察occludin和claudin-5在缺血脑组织中的分布,采用RT-PCR、Wesrern blot法检测大鼠缺血脑组织occludin和claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。结果脑缺血2h后血脑屏障通透性显著增加(P0.01),紧密连接相关蛋白occludin和claudin-5在脑微血管内皮细胞上呈阳性表达,occludin和claudin-5的mRNA和蛋白均比正常对照组显著降低(P0.01)。结论脑缺血时血脑屏障通透性的增加可能与紧密连接相关蛋白occludin和claudin-5的降低相关。     

绿茶多酚对脑缺血大鼠血脑屏障通透性的影响

目的探讨绿茶多酚对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血脑屏障的通透性及紧密连接蛋白occludin、claudin-5和蛋白激酶PKCα表达的影响。方法采用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,伊文思蓝法检测血脑屏障通透性的变化,免疫组化方法检测缺血脑组织occludin、claudin-5的表达,western blot方法检测脑缺血组织PKCα蛋白的表达。结果大鼠局灶性脑缺血60min、120min的脑组织血脑屏障通透性显著增加,同时点的脑组织BBB紧密连接开放;而绿茶多酚显著降低血脑屏障的通透性(P0.01),使BBB紧密连接处于关闭状态。大鼠局灶性脑缺血60min及120min脑组织紧密连接相关蛋白occludin、claudin-5的蛋白表达水平显著降低,绿茶多酚显著上调这些蛋白表达水平(P0.01)。大鼠局灶性脑缺血30min至120min脑组织中PKCα的蛋白表达水平显著升高,绿茶多酚显著降低PKCα蛋白的表达水平(P0.01)。结论绿茶多酚降低缺血大鼠脑组织血脑屏障通透性可能与上调紧密连接蛋白occludin、claudin-5的表达及下调蛋白激酶PKCα的表达有关。     

丙泊酚基于SIRT1/Foxo1信号缓解脑缺血再灌注造成血脑屏障损伤

目的:探究丙泊酚是否通过激活SIRT1/Foxo1信号通路对脑缺血再灌注损伤诱导血脑屏障破坏发挥保护作用.方法:48只大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组),脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组),脑缺血再灌注+丙泊酚组(I/R+Propofol组),脑缺血再灌注+丙泊酚+SIRT1抑制剂EX527组(I/R+Propofol+EX5...     

α硫辛酸对后肢缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血神经屏障的保护作用研究

目的:研究α硫辛酸(ALA)对大鼠后肢缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤后血神经屏障的保护作用。方法:54只成年雄性SD大鼠分为3组,分别为假手术组(sham)、缺血再灌注模型组(I/R)和ALA处理组(ALA),通过手术结扎大鼠左侧髂总动脉4 h制备后肢I/R注模型,ALA处理组大鼠于术前7 d连续给予ALA。伊文思蓝(EB)渗透实验检测血神经屏障的通透性,分别于再灌注后24 h检测各组大鼠坐骨神经组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,应用Western Blot检测坐骨神经组织中紧密连接蛋白occludin和claudin-5表达变化。结果:与sham组相比,I/R组大鼠坐骨神经EB漏出增多(P 0. 05),SOD和GSH-Px活性降低(P 0. 05),MDA水平升高(P 0. 05),occludin和claudin-5蛋白表达下降(P 0. 05); ALA预处理的大鼠EB漏出减少(P 0. 05),GSH-Px和SOD活性增加(P 0. 05),MDA水平降低(P 0. 05),occludin和claudin-5蛋白表达增加(P 0. 05)。结论:ALA通过抑制机体的氧化应激水平对I/R损伤大鼠的血神经屏障起到保护作用。     

全反式维甲酸通过作用于JNK/P38 MAPK信号通路减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注引起的血脑屏障损伤

目的:观察全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)对脑缺血再灌注(cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,CIR)损伤大鼠血脑屏障的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:将SD雄性大鼠随机分组为假手术(sham)组、模型(CIR)组及CIR+ATRA(10、30和90 mg/kg)组。采用MCAO线栓法建立大鼠CIR损伤模型,缺血1. 5 h,再灌注24 h后,进行神经功能行为学评分及脑梗死体积、脑含水量和伊文思蓝含量的测定;明胶酶谱法检测基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的活性; Western blot法检测脑组织中紧密连接蛋白(claudin-5、occludin和ZO-1)、JNK、p-JNK、P38、p-P38和MMP-9的蛋白水平。结果:与CIR模型组相比,ATRA(30 mg/kg)可明显改善大鼠神经功能,减少脑梗死体积,降低脑含水量和伊文思蓝含量,降低缺血区紧密连接蛋白的降解(P 0. 01),降低缺血脑组织中MMP-9的活性及蛋白的表达(P 0. 01),抑制JNK/P38 MAPK通路中JNK和P38的磷酸化并减少p-JNK和p-P38的蛋白水平(P 0. 01)。结论:ATRA能够减轻CIR对大鼠脑组织的损伤和血脑屏障的破坏,其保护作用可能与抑制JNK/P38 MAPK信号通路和MMP-9的激活有关。     

聚肌苷酸聚胞苷酸对高血脂大鼠脑缺血/再灌注后Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响及神经保护作用

目的 观察聚肌苷酸聚胞苷酸(Poly-IC)处理对高血脂大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤后Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响,同时检测脑梗死灶、血脑屏障通透性和行为损伤症状,探讨其对高血脂合并脑I/R损伤是否发挥神经保护作用。方法 高血脂大鼠随机分为脑I/R组、Poly-IC预处理组、Poly-IC后处理组和假手术(Sham)组,每组20只。0～4分神经行为评分记录各组大鼠的神经行为表现,伊文思蓝染色法检测各组大鼠血脑屏障通透性,TTC染色法观察各组大鼠脑组织梗死情况,TUNEL染色法测神经细胞的凋亡情况,Western blotting观察Bcl-2和Bax相对表达水平。结果 与sham组比较,I/R组神经行为损伤症状严重,评分明显升高(P<0.05)。而Poly-IC预处理和后处理组评分较I/R组均明显降低(P<0.05)。伊文思蓝染色结果显示,I/R组较sham组血脑屏障通透性明显增高(P<0.05),而Poly-IC预处理或后处理可明显改善血脑屏障通透性(P<0.05)。脑梗死体积检测结果显示,sham组未见梗死灶均匀红染,而I/R组脑组织可见白色梗死区。与I...     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.