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1.
中国繁缕属植物研究资料   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
一、简介 繁缕属Stellaria L.隸于石竹科Caryophyllaceae繁缕亚科Alsinoideae Vierhapper由瑞典植物学家林奈建立于1753年,其命名模式为硬骨草繁缕S.holostea L.根据文献记载这一属在全世界约有120种,产于南北两半球温寒两带,在编写中国植物志繁缕属的过程中,对全国各主要标本室及有关高等院校的该属标本,进行了系统的整理鉴定工作,根据初步研究表明中国产44种10变种及1变型,这些种类分别隸于5个组及11个系中,其中的新分类群在此一并报导。  相似文献   

2.
研究了36种中国产繁缕属(Stellaria)植物,根据模式材料或仅根据原描述,将已合格发表的1组、l系、12种、4变种和1变型首次归并到有关各类,依次列举人异名录中,其中有1移属。讨论了各种错误鉴定,同时对于选择性状、设想进化过程和分布记录均有讨论.  相似文献   

3.
中国繁缕属的一些分类问题   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
研究了36种中国产繁缕属(Stellaria)植物,根据模式材料或仅根据原描述,将已合格发表的1组、1系、12种、4变种和1变型首次归并到有关各类,依次列举入异名录中,其中有1移属。讨论了各种错误鉴定,同时对于选择性状、设想进化过程和分布记录均有讨论。  相似文献   

4.
中国繁缕(Stellaria chinensis Regel)一新变种   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
发表了中国繁缕一新变种,即缘毛中国繁缕Stellaria chinensis Regel var. ciliata C. S. Zhu et H. M. Li.  相似文献   

5.
繁缕和无瓣繁缕六个居群的数值分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对繁缕(Stellaria media)和无瓣繁缕(S.apetala)的6个居群的57个性状进行Q-聚类和R-聚类的研究。结果表明:(1)Q-聚类中,用一条结合线,可以把繁缕的4个居群聚为一类,无瓣繁缕的2个居群聚为一类。这一结果支持肥繁缕和无瓣繁缕划分为两个物种;(2)R-聚类中,发现了呈现完全正相关、极大正相关和极大负相关的性状,并根据R-聚类的结果,运用一条适当的结合线,把繁缕和无瓣繁缕的57个性状划为5个类群,并分析了各性状的分类学意义。  相似文献   

6.
陈旭波  刘全儒  李艳 《植物研究》2010,30(5):527-536
采用光学显微镜,对华北地区分布的繁缕属植物16种2变种,其它4属4种植物的叶表皮微形态进行了观察。结果表明:繁缕属植物叶片的下表皮均存在气孔器,而上表皮仅少数种类缺乏气孔器。气孔器类型比较多样,有不等细胞型、无规则型、无规则四细胞型;表皮细胞主要为不规则型,垂周壁从平直、弓形、浅波状、波状、到深波状;上表皮气孔指数在5.23~31.65之间;下表皮气孔指数在10.02~29.44。叶表皮被毛或无,毛被分为星状毛、腺柔毛、柔毛、绢毛。该研究说明叶表皮的微形态特征在种间差异明显,可以为分种及属间亲缘关系的探讨提供依据,但是对组的划分存在一定的局限性。  相似文献   

7.
石竹科繁缕属(Stellaria L.)和孩儿参属(Pseudostellaria Pax)的关系一直备受关注。为了弄清它们之间的关系及属下分类等问题,选择繁缕属22种和孩儿参属8种,共30种植物51个形态特征,利用NTSYS-pc 2.10e软件中的UPGMA聚类分析方法和主坐标分析方法,对这2个属进行数值分类学研究。结果表明,繁缕属与孩儿参属是2个自然类群,除繁缕属的繁缕(S.media(L.)Cyr.)和鸡肠繁缕(S.neglecta Weihe ex Bluff et Fingerh)在聚类中不能分开外,其它物种都能很好地分开。两属有较近的关系,其中巫山繁缕(S.wushanensis Williams)是过渡种。此外,数量分类结果建议将细叶孩儿参(P.sylvatica(Maxim.)Pax)作为一个独立组处理。对性状的主坐标排序分析显示,根的形状、叶缘质地、花的形态(是否具花瓣、花瓣长度、花瓣裂数、深裂还是浅裂)和种子表面纹饰(是否具齿轮状、疣状突起)等在繁缕属与孩儿参属的分类中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

8.
繁缕属植物化学成分研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
繁缕属植物主要含有环肽、黄酮、甾醇、挥发油等化学成分。由于其明确的抗茵、抗病毒及抗肿瘤活性近年来日益受到研究人员的重视。  相似文献   

9.
在室内查阅标本和文献资料的基础上,结合野外实际调查,对陕西秦巴山区假繁缕研究工作全面述评。作者认为假繁缕为多年生草本,非一年生草本;支持将日本假繁缕作为假繁缕的异名处理。  相似文献   

10.
新疆石竹科的繁缕亚科、裸果木亚科共有植物14属63种3变种。占新疆石竹总属数66.7%总种数48.2%。从垂直分布来看,主要分布于阿尔泰山和天山的亚高山草甸带和森林草甸带,昆仑山的高寒荒漠草原也有一定的分布。从水平分布看,主要有五个分布较集中的区域,即:阿尔泰泰山地,准噶尔西部山地,天山中西部山地、天山东部山地、昆仑山和帕米尔高原。在区系组成中,北温带成分21种,占31.9%;温带亚洲成分14种,  相似文献   

11.
Small-scale pattern analysis of plant populations was done in nine forest communities of the Moscow region (USSR). In most cases the vegetatively immobile and low-mobile species were found to have less contagious distributions than vegetatively mobile species. In different communities one and the same species may display a different kind of pattern, though no relationship between the abundance of species and the kind of its spatial distribution could be identified. Ecological indicator values were used to obtain data on the variability of environmental parameters inside the communities. Environmental heterogeneity appears to be the major factor determining the kind of vascular plant pattern. The kind of distribution of bryophytes (as a rule, high-contagious) is insignificantly related to environmental heterogeneity.  相似文献   

12.
目的:研究甘草地向部分形态特征地理变异规律并分析其形成的生态学机制。方法:采用样方调查的方法测定全国8省区35个旗县甘草野生种群的地上植株形态特征,采用双重筛选逐步回归分析方法探讨甘草地上形态特征的地理变异规律及其形成的生态学机制。结果:(1)不同甘草野生种群的株高、侧枝数、侧枝角度、侧枝长度、复叶长度、小叶数、小叶长度和宽度8项形态指标的差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);(2)各形态形态指标与产地年均温、日照百分率等气候因素密切相关。结论:甘草野生种群地上植株形态特征存在显著的地理变异,导致甘草种群产生地理变异的气候因子主要是光照因子,其次为温度因子和水分因子,其相关关系可用多元回归模型解释。  相似文献   

13.
曾燏  刘焕章 《动物学研究》2009,30(6):699-706
采用双筒解剖镜观察和手工绘图的方法,研究鮈亚科鱼类39个代表种下咽骨和下咽齿的形态特征,分析鮈亚科鱼类下咽骨和下咽齿的形态差异及其功能适应。结果显示,鮈亚科鱼类的下咽骨可以分为粗壮型、中间型和狭长型3种形态类型;下咽齿可以分为圆锥型、臼齿型、粗壮侧扁型、侧扁型和极侧扁型5种形态类型。鮈亚科鱼类下咽骨和下咽齿间呈现出多种形态组合,并相互配合共同处理不同类型的食物。下咽骨和下咽齿的形态差异为鮈亚科鱼类摄食不同类型的食物、充分利用不同的生境资源在摄食器官多样性方面提供了保证。  相似文献   

14.
以渤海湾津唐沿海地带895份野生大豆种群在高盐碱(3%)环境下的全生育期鉴定试验,分析不同种群(株系)的生长发育动态以及对盐碱土壤生态适应性的分化。结果表明,出苗阶段存在3种耐盐碱能力类型:耐高盐碱胁迫发芽出苗;耐低盐碱胁迫发芽出苗;盐胁迫不能发芽出苗。在高盐胁迫下营养生长早期阶段种群死亡率最高,中期以后相对降低,成熟期死亡率较低。种群植株形态建成和生殖生长受到高盐胁迫的强烈抑制,表现早期严重而后期较轻。植株和产量性状的受害程度由大到小依次为:单株的地上干物质重、单株产量、种子数、百粒重和收获指数。株系间变异系数从大到小依次为:单株产量、种子数、荚数、收获指数、地上干物质重、百粒重。研究揭示该地域种群内对盐碱土壤有很高的适应性分化,存在高耐盐碱生态型。  相似文献   

15.
珠江卷口鱼不同地理种群的形态变异   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
运用传统生物形态学和框架分析方法,对珠江水系中栖息于柳江、浔江、西江的卷口鱼(Ptychidio jordani Myers)的形态变异进行了分析。根据高背、平背体型分析了体长/体高比例与地理、性别和年龄的相关性。结果显示:体长/体高比例与年龄呈显著负相关,随着年龄增长,卷口鱼逐渐趋向于高背型;三个江段卷口鱼可数性状数据卡方检验没有显著差异;三个江段卷口鱼可量性状数据和框架数据聚类分析、判别分析和主成分分析显示三个江段的卷口鱼形态差异明显,有一定程度的分化;聚类和主成分分析显示柳江群体变异最大,而西江卷口鱼则分化成两个群体,其中一个与浔江群体关系较近。判别分析构建的判别公式可以区分三个江段四个群体的卷口鱼,判别正确率达到99.2%。不同江段卷口鱼的差异表现在整个鱼体上,不能用单独的一或二个参数进行鉴别。  相似文献   

16.
岷江上游干旱河谷海拔梯度上白刺花叶片生态解剖特征研究   总被引:19,自引:4,他引:19  
对岷江上游干旱河谷海拔梯度上(1 650~1 950 m)白刺花(Sophora davidii)叶片进行生态解剖学研究.观测指标包括叶片形态特征(叶长宽比、叶面积、叶片厚度)、解剖结构(表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度(P)、海绵组织厚度(S)、P/S比值、表皮角质膜厚度)及叶表皮特征(气孔器密度和面积、表皮细胞密度和面积、表皮毛密度和长度).结果表明,白刺花叶片面积为0.144~0.208 cm2,叶总厚度为171.58~195.83 μm;叶肉组织分化明显,栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度分别为69.83~82.42和62.00~ 80.67 μm,P/S的比值为1.14~1.01,上下表皮厚度分别为14.03~15.33和13.88~16.17 μm,上下角质膜厚度分别为2.66~4.56和2.76~2.02 μm;气孔密度为13.71~15.02个·mm-2,其面积为249.86~280.43 μm2;表皮细胞密度为160.54~178.43个·mm-2,其面积为557.43~626.85 μm2;表皮毛长度为186.51~260.99 μm,其密度为18.29~32.27个·mm-2.随海拔升高叶面积、叶厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度、气孔器面积、表皮细胞面积以及表皮毛密度呈增加趋势,而角质膜厚度、表皮细胞密度和表皮毛长度则呈减小趋势;叶长宽比、P/S的比值、表皮厚度与气孔器密度无明显差异.  相似文献   

17.
    
Variation in chemical energy, that is food availability, is posited to cause variation in body size. However, examinations of the relationship are rare and primarily limited to amniotes and zooplankton. Moreover, the relationship between body size and chemical energy may be impacted by phylogenetic history, clade-specific ecology, and heterogeneity of chemical energy in space and time. Considerable work remains to both document patterns in body size over gradients in food availability and understanding the processes potentially generating them. Here, we examine the functional relationship between body size and chemical energy availability over a broad assortment of marine mollusks varying in habitat and mobility. We demonstrate that chemical energy availability is likely driving body size patterns across habitats. We find that lower food availability decreases size-based niche availability by setting hard constraints on maximum size and potentially on minimum size depending on clade-specific ecology. Conversely, higher food availability promotes greater niche availability and potentially promotes evolutionary innovation with regard to size. We posit based on these findings and previous work that increases in chemical energy are important to the diversification of Metazoans through size-mediated niche processes.  相似文献   

18.
    
High mountain ecosystems are extreme habitats, and adaptation strategies to this ecosystem are still poorly understood in most groups. To unravel such strategies, we performed a MRR study in the Hohe Tauern National Park (Salzburg, Austria) with two nymphalid butterfly species, Boloria pales and B. napaea. We analysed their population structure over one flight period by studying the development of population size and wing wear. B. pales had more individuals and a higher survival probability than B. napaea; the sensitivity to extreme weather conditions or other external influences was higher in B. napaea. We only observed proterandry in B. pales. Imagines of both species survived under snow for at least some days. Additionally, we observed a kind of risk-spreading, in that individuals of both species, and especially B. pales, have regularly emerged throughout the flight period. This emergence pattern divided the population's age structure into three phases: an initial phase with decreasing wing quality (emergence > mortality), followed by an equilibrium phase with mostly constant average wing condition (emergence = mortality) and a final ageing phase with strongly deteriorating wing condition (mortality » emergence). Consequently, neither species would likely become extinct because of particularly unsuitable weather conditions during a single flight period. The observed differences between the two species suggest a better regional adaptation of B. pales, which is restricted to high mountain systems of Europe. In contrast, the arctic-alpine B. napaea might be best adapted to conditions in the Arctic and not the more southern high mountain systems. However, this needs to be examined during future research in the Arctic.  相似文献   

19.
    
《Journal of Asia》2021,24(3):788-797
Bacterial symbionts in aphids are known to benefit the insect host and associated with aphid’s ecological adaptation. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), an important legume pest worldwide, carries at least eight endosymbionts, providing a model system to study insect–bacteria interactions. However, species diversity and geographic variations of endosymbionts are unknown in Chinese populations; therefore, we characterized symbiont communities and diversity of 27 pea aphid samples from 13 geographic populations of China. Via amplicon high-throughput sequencing and diagnostic PCR, we found that bacterial communities of Chinese populations were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Among eight known endosymbionts, five (Buchnera, Serratia, Hamiltonella, Regiella, and Rickettsia) were detected by both methods, with a specific geographical distribution. The obligate symbiont, Buchnera, was present in all aphid samples, while the four facultative symbionts showed a significant geographic variation. Each population was randomly infected with distinct endosymbionts, ranging from three to five species. Serratia and Rickettsia showed relatively higher abundance in central regions of China, Regiella was predominant in eastern and western China, whereas Hamiltonella showed an extremely low abundance and was absent in four populations. Samples grouped by altitudes showed a significant diversity difference, whereas there was no significant difference between red and green body colors. Bacterial community structures of the Chinese pea aphid populations were mainly influenced by environmental factors, other than body colors. These data can guide the development of potential biocontrol techniques against this aphid.  相似文献   

20.
    
Geographic variation in morphological traits of thirteen populations ofArabis serrata was analyzed to characterize the life history of each particular population in the field. These localities varied in altitude, topography, soil type, humidity, vegetation structure and degree of disturbance. Twelve morphological characters were measured in each plant, and populations were compared using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Populations showed significant differences for most of the traits measured. Principal component analyses revealed a significant differentiation among populations although a continuous variation for some traits was noted. Length of capsules and leaf length of inflorescence's stalks were correlated with the number of frost free days and with temperature, precipitation and number of days of the growing season. The number of rosettes was also correlated with the same variables but negatively. Seed weight was correlated positively with altitude but negatively with temperature and length of the growing season. Populations were also differentiated according to soil conditions and disturbance regimes distinguishing different types of populations: I) populations with many small rosettes, and few heavy seeds per capsule in volcanic soils with low disturbance; ii) plants with many small seeds and few rosettes in very disturbed localities along asphalt roadways and mountain trails; and iii) large plants with intermediate seed size and intermediate number of seeds per plant in limestone and serpentine soils under different conditions of disturbance. Populations ofA. serrata displayed a complex pattern of differentiation in morphological and life history traits in relation to several biotic and abiotic factors. The quantitative nature of the differences among populations ofA. serrata observed in the field deserves further studies (e.g., quantitative genetics and phenotypic plasticity) under controlled conditions in order to assess the extent of differentiation within this species complex.  相似文献   

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