基于时频谱图与图像分割的柴油机故障诊断

将图像分割理论引入柴油机故障诊断中,提出一种基于时频谱图、图像分割和模糊模式识别的柴油机故障诊断新方法.首先利用二进小波对柴油机缸盖振动信号进行预处理,然后用时频谱图对柴油机气门机构4种状态下的缸盖表面振动信号进行时频分析,并将谱图结果根据图像分割理论对其等高图进行分割,最后通过选取分割后图像的特征体质心位置、特征体面积、数目和熵作为特征参数,并利用模糊C均值聚类对图像进行分类识别.试验结果表明,新方法提取的振动信号图像几何特征与形状特征参数能充分反映柴油机气门工作状态的信息,对不同类型的气门故障均能正确诊断.     

基于振动频谱分析的刮板输送机减速器故障诊断

针对刮板输送机减速器故障问题,提出基于振动频谱分析的刮板输送机故障诊断研究。分析模糊专家系统,构建模糊关系矩阵,对减速器故障和现象进行模糊表达。以此通过发现存在的故障现象做出故障类型判断,提高刮板输送机故障诊断效率。实验验证了诊断系统效果,结果表明该分析方法能用于刮板输送机减速器的故障诊断。     

基于Petri网的水电机组故障诊断专家系统研究

针对水电机组故障诊断的多样性、复杂性,提出采用Petri网模型表示水电机组故障诊断专家系统的产生式规则,基于水电机组振动故障征兆信息可快速推理故障源.诊断实例表明,该诊断推理方法快速、准确、有效,可供借鉴.     

汽轮发电机组远程智能故障诊断系统

分析研究了汽轮发电机组振动智能故障诊断技术,将人工神经网络技术与面向对象技术相结合,建立了振动频谱、轴心轨迹、升降速特性和负荷特性等4个征兆神经网络,同时构建了具有不完全征兆输入的汽轮发电机组振动智能故障诊断神经网络系统。以机组振动频谱征兆为例,研究了频谱征兆的自动提取方法．给出了基于频谱征兆的不完全征兆综舍故障诊断实例。在此基础上,采用B／S模式和Java技术,开发了汽轮发电机组远程智能故障诊断系统,介绍了系统的结构组成、功能模块以及服务器和客户端程序设计和实现方法。     

基于模糊聚类分析的燃气轮机振动故障诊断研究

通过对燃气轮机振动故障的研究分析,提出一种基于模糊聚类分析的燃气轮机振动故障诊断实践方案。针对某海上平台石油作业区单轴燃气轮机的现场运行状况,通过比利时LMS信号采集分析仪进行目标机组的振动测试,运用模糊聚类分析原理对振动故障进行分类,并充分利用各种振动故障征兆,建立燃气轮机振动故障模糊关系方程,通过计算查找机组故障原因,更准确地进行燃气轮机的故障识别及诊断。通过现场验证,对于燃气轮机发电机组的可靠性运行产生一定的积极作用。     

基于加权中智C均值算法的变压器故障诊断模型

为提高变压器故障诊断准确度,提出了一种基于加权中智C均值算法的变压器故障诊断方法。该方法利用基于样本相似度的加权方法对样本特征进行加权,再引入中智理论对样本的分布重新分配,建立起基于加权中智C均值算法的变压器故障诊断模型。研究结果表明,该方法不仅弥补了传统FCM相同权重分配的不足,有效提高了故障诊断的准确率,且诊断结果产生的中智点对故障的变化预测具有重要意义。     

火电厂锅炉运行故障诊断专家系统的研究

在火电厂锅炉运行故障诊断中,难以建立对象的精确数学模型,且故障征兆和故障原因之间具有一定的模糊性,采用模糊专家系统可以避免建模的困难,并能在信息不确定的情况下给出合理的解释。给出了该系统的结构,简单介绍了其各模块的功能。研究了模糊事实的表示和基于规则的知识的表示,介绍了推理过程,给出了汽包满水故障诊断实例。该系统通过检测实时数据库中出现的征兆,生成相应的模糊事实,结合规则库中的知识,诊断出可能出现的故障。     

基于聚焦式模糊聚类算法的数据挖掘故障诊断方法

针对现有的火电厂大型设备故障诊断精度较低的问题，提出一种基于聚焦式模糊聚类算法的数据挖掘故障诊断方法。它采用分段相关分析的方法在火电厂SCADA系统历史数据库查找故障征兆变量，然后利用聚焦式量化算法对故障征兆变量进行离散化，最后应用双向模糊聚类算法找出对应故障类型的关键数据。该方法避免了为诊断故障而附加的专门测试或试验，在降低费用的同时，减少了试验对设备造成的潜在威胁。故障诊断实例表明：其诊断精度在不同的月份介于91％～95％之间，可以满足现场应用的要求。参3     

基于小波变换的汽轮发电机组振动故障检测与诊断方法

提出了基于小波变换的汽轮发电机组振动故障检测与诊断方法。通过对仿真的汽轮发电机组典型振动故障信号进行小波变换,利用小波变换后的时频等高线图,对汽轮发电机组典型振动故障进行了检测分析。分析表明,利用小波时频等高图,可以直观表示信号中畸变发生的时间,有效地提取信号中的奇异特征;根据不同的故障发生时的频谱特征,能够识别出不同的故障,进行机组振动故障检测与故障诊断。     

案例推理在汽轮发电机组故障诊断中的应用

根据故障诊断的特点,提出了规范化的案例组织和表示方法。将案例征兆分为确定性必要征兆和其它征兆,提出了基于确定性和模糊加权相结合的案例检索策略,并对相似度的计算进行了修正,提高了案例推理的可靠性。     

汽轮机组回热系统故障诊断知识的模糊处理及诊断研究

在建立火电机组回热系统常见故障的故障集和征兆集基础上,利用模糊数学知识和相关理论,针对回热系统故障征兆参数的不同变化方向和程度,采用不同的变化等级和阈值,建立了回热系统典型故障样本模式知识库及实时故障模式集。同时利用基于MATLAB环境下的径向基函数网络,建立了回热系统故障诊断模型。并利用电站仿真机模似典型故障进行了神经网络模型的验证。实践表明,这种方法可有效地进行回热加热器故障样本模式的模糊量化处理,极大地改善了神经网络训练的收敛性。有利于回热系统的故障诊断。     

柴油机典型故障与燃烧参数相关性仿真研究

柴油机燃烧过程复杂,影响因素众多,故障隔离存在较大困难。基于AVL BOOST软件搭建了某大功率柴油机仿真模型,对其典型故障进行仿真,探究燃烧参数在不同故障模式下的变化规律。基于仿真结果对故障模式与燃烧参数的相关性进行研究,得出了不同典型故障与燃烧参数的相关性矩阵,并经试验验证,可作为故障隔离的依据。     

Fault analysis and excitation requirements for switchedreluctance-generators

Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are a prime candidate for aerospace starter/generators and various automotive applications. The choice of SRMs for the starter/generator application is driven largely by the perceived reliability and fault tolerance of the machine and its electronics. An analysis of the switched reluctance generator's (SRG) faults and excitation requirements is essential to utilize the full fault tolerance capability of the machine in this application. Thus, research has been undertaken to identify, analyze and simulate the various fault modes of the SRG. This research included an investigation of the generator's excitation requirements with and without faults. The investigation makes it possible to determine the size of the excitation source required during the initial build up of the generator's output voltage and under fault conditions. The SR machine, controller, EMI filter, excitation source, and load were all modeled and integrated into a Matlab-Simulink model in order to analyze the SR generator system     

Operation of offshore wind farms connected with DRU-HVDC transmission systems with special consideration of faults

The diode rectifier unit (DRU)-based high-voltage DC (DRU-HVDC) system is a promising solution for offshore wind energy transmission thanks to its compact design, high efficiency, and strong reliability. Herein we investigate the feasibility of the DRU-HVDC system considering onshore and offshore AC grid faults, DC cable faults, and internal DRU faults. To ensure safe operation during the faults, the wind turbine (WT) converters are designed to operate in either current-limiting or voltage-limiting mode to limit potential excessive overcurrent or overvoltage. Strategies for providing fault currents using WT converters during offshore AC faults to enable offshore overcurrent and differential fault protection are investigated. The DRU-HVDC system is robust against various faults, and it can automatically restore power transmission after fault isolation. Simulation results confirm the system performance under various fault conditions.     

Characterization of coil faults in an axial flux variable reluctance PM motor

Variable-reluctance (VR) and switch-reluctance (SR) motors have been proposed for use in applications requiring a degree of fault tolerance. A range of topologies, of brushless SR and VR permanent-magnet (PM) motors are not susceptible to some types of faults, such as phase-to-phase shorts, and can often continue to function in the presence of other faults. In particular, coil-winding faults in a single stator coil may have relatively little effect on motor performance but may affect overall motor reliability, availability, and longevity. It is important to distinguish between and characterize various winding faults for maintenance and diagnostic purposes. These fault characterization and analysis results are a necessary first step in the process of motor fault detection and diagnosis for this motor topology. This paper examines rotor velocity damping due to stator winding turn-to-turn short faults in a fault-tolerant axial flux VR PM motor. In this type of motor, turn-to-turn shorts, due to insulation failures, have similar I-V characteristics as coil faults resulting from other problems, such as faulty maintenance or damage due to impact. In order to investigate the effects of these coil faults, a prototype axial flux VR PM motor was constructed. The motor was equipped with experimental fault simulation stator windings capable of simulating these and other types of stator winding faults. This paper focuses on two common types of winding faults and their effects on rotor velocity in this type of motor.     

PEMFC stack voltage singularity measurement and fault classification

The study summarized in this paper deals with non-intrusive fault diagnosis of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack. In the proposed approach, the diagnosis operation is based on the stack voltage singularity measurement and classification. To this aim, wavelet transform-based multifractal formalism, named WTMM (Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima), and pattern recognition methods are combined to realize the identification of the PEMFC faults. The proposed method takes advantage of the non-linearities associated with discontinuities introduced in the dynamic response data resulting from various failure modes. Indeed, the singularities signature of poor operating conditions (faults) of the PEMFC is revealed through the computing of multifractal spectra. The obtained good classification rates demonstrate that the multifractal spectrum based on WTMM is effective to extract the incipient fault features during the PEMFC operation. The proposed method leads to a promising non-intrusive and low cost diagnostic tool to achieve on-line characterizations of dynamical FC behaviors.     

特高压直流对同塔交流线路的过电压影响分析

随着我国电力工业的发展,特高压直流输电凭借其在远距离输电上的优势而成为我国特高压发展的重要方向。局部地区电力走廊紧缺,使交直流同塔架设输电线路成为必然。当交直流导线同塔架设时,将在导线间产生很强的电磁耦合。主要研究特高压直流线路故障对同塔架设交流线路过电压的影响。根据规划中的锡盟—上海交直流同塔多回输电线路相关数据,采用电磁暂态程序建立了详细的直流换流站模型以及交直流同塔架设输电线路模型,研究了特高压直流输电线路故障对同塔架设的超高压交流线路的影响,并分析了不同故障类型、运行工况、耦合段线路长度、耦合段位置等因素对交流感应过电压的影响。结果表明,交流线路上的感应过电压幅值在交流线路绝缘水平允许范围内;直流发生接地故障时,交流线路通过耦合作用在直流故障弧道产生潜供电流。分析了交流线路不同换位方式对直流线路潜供电流的影响,并对限制措施提出了建议。     

基于EMD-WVD振动谱时频图像SVM识别的内燃机故障诊断

为了充分提取基于内燃机振动信号形成的振动谱时频图像的二维时频信息,实现基于内燃机振动谱时频图像特征自动提取及识别,提出了一种基于EMD-WVD(EMD-Wign-er-Ville Distributions)振动谱时频图像SVM识别的内燃机故障诊断方法。该方法利用二进制小波对振动信号进行预处理,然后利用EMD-Wigner-Ville时频分布生成不同工况下振动信号的时频图像,并通过提取振动信号的EMD-WVD振动谱时频图像的不变矩特征形成诊断特征向量,利用一种基于类识别率排序的二叉树SVM分类器进行模式识别。在BF4L1011F型内燃机上进行了6种不同工况下气门故障模拟试验,诊断结果表明总体诊断正确率为98.57%。     

A review of stator fault monitoring techniques of induction motors

Condition monitoring of induction motors is a fast emerging technology for online detection of incipient faults. It avoids unexpected failure of a critical system. Approximately 30-40% of faults of induction motors are stator faults. This work presents a comprehensive review of various stator faults, their causes, detection parameters/techniques, and latest trends in the condition monitoring technology. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of stator fault monitoring to researchers and application engineers using induction motors. A list of 183 research publications on the subject is appended for quick reference.     

转子系统耦合故障特征的实验研究

汽轮机组除了出现单一故障之外，还常常会出现两种或两种以上故障耦合的情况。但目前对耦合故障转子系统的动力学和故障机理的研究还比较少，针对上述情况并基于工程实际的需要，对转子系统的某些耦合故障进行了模拟实验研究，利用频谱分析技术、小波分析对测到的振动信号进行了分析，以便为转子系统的该类故障的诊断和预防提供有益的参考。