柔性可拉伸硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/硅橡胶可穿戴应变传感纤维

基于核-壳结构设计,采用简便、低成本的浸涂-固化法制得柔性、可拉伸、高灵敏且稳定的聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶(PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS)压阻式应变传感纤维。通过FTIR、XRD、TG、TEM对硅烷偶联剂改性多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-KH570)的化学结构、热稳定性和微观形貌进行了分析,深入研究了核-壳结构与MWCNTs-KH570质量分数对PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维导电性能、传感性能及力学性能的影响规律与机制。结果表明:羟基化MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH)表面接枝KH570使其在壳层PDMS基体中具有良好的分散性和界面相互作用;核-壳结构的设计使PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维在低填充下具有高电导率和传感性能;PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的导电性能与传感性能随着MWCNTs-KH570质量分数增加而提高,且在人体关节运动监测中表现出良好的可重复性和工作稳定性。      

可拉伸金膜性能研究及其微裂纹结构仿真

利用磁控溅射方法将金膜制备到可拉伸的柔性材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)薄膜上,金膜可以在单轴拉伸率达35%的状态下保持电导通性并且不会引发疲劳。研究了柔性基底以及微裂纹结构对金膜拉伸性能的影响。并且利用有限元分析软件对其微裂纹结构进行建模分析,从力学角度解释了微裂纹结构对金膜拉伸性能的影响。     

苯并噻二唑基半导体/弹性绝缘体共混柔性薄膜的结构及电荷传输研究

利用苯并噻二唑基半导体聚合物PffBT4T-2DT与弹性体聚合物聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)通过溶液相共混，采用旋涂法制备共混薄膜。并采用层压转移法构筑共混薄膜有机场效应晶体管(OFET)来研究薄膜的电荷传输特性随拉伸应变的变化。结果显示，PffBT4T-2DT/PDMS共混薄膜中诱发垂直相分离结构，即PffBT4T-2DT组分富集在薄膜下层而PDMS集中在上层。PDMS引入还导致PffBT4T-2DT骨架链堆垛结构的改变，促使分子链间倾向于edge-on堆积方式。相比纯PffBT4T-2DT薄膜，共混薄膜具有优异的可拉伸性能，使其在100%的高拉伸应变下仍保持较高的载流子迁移率。这源于弹性的PDMS基体有效地耗散拉伸产生的薄膜内部能量。基于柔性薄膜结构表征，分析了薄膜微结构与其力学性质和电荷传输性能间的内在联系。     

MWNTs/PVDF复合材料导电和介电性能的研究

用熔融共混和热压工艺制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)填充聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合材料.研究了多壁碳纳米管体积含量、测试频率和温度对复合体系的电性能的影响.实验发现,MWNTs-COOH/PVDF复合体系的渗流阈值和渗流阈值附近的介电常数明显大于MWNTs/PVDF体系.利用渗流理论、Maxwell-Wagner界面极化效应和微电容模型解释了实验现象.     

MWNTs/PVDF复合材料导电和介电性能的研究EI

用熔融共混和热压工艺制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)填充聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合材料.研究了多壁碳纳米管体积含量、测试频率和温度对复合体系的电性能的影响.实验发现,MWNTs-COOH/PVDF复合体系的渗流阈值和渗流阈值附近的介电常数明显大于MWNTs/PVDF体系.利用渗流理论、Maxwell-Wagner界面极化效应和微电容模型解释了实验现象.     

聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管复合丝的制备与性能

采用微型双螺杆挤出共混和熔融纺丝法制备了聚苯乙烯/多壁碳纳米管(PS/MWNTs)复合丝。通过添加改性剂可以提高复合材料的纺丝最大拉伸比。光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察发现,当MWNTs含量较小(<2%)时,MWNTs在基体中的分散比较均匀。随着MWNTs含量的增加,团聚增多,且大多数MWNTs沿纤维轴向取向排列。当MWNTs含量较小时,添加一定量改性剂可以提高复合丝的拉伸强度及尺寸稳定性。电性能结果表明,复合丝的导电渗流阈值出现在2%～5%之间。复合材料的流变渗流阈值与导电渗流阈值具有一致性。     

MWNTs／Lyocell复合纤维的制备及性能EI

将改性多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)、N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)水溶液及纤维素共混后制备了MWNTs/Lyocell复合纤维。采用X射线衍射仪(WAXD)、场发射扫描电镜(FSEM)、强度仪等分析了复合纤维的结构和性能。WAXD图谱显示:MWNTs已经混入到复合纤维的纤维素主体中,且未影响纤维素Ⅱ的晶型结构;FSEM及二维X射线衍射结果表明:复合纤维中,MWNTs分布均匀,且其沿纤维轴向的取向角随纺丝喷头拉伸比的增大而减小;对纤维的力学性能分析进一步表明:添加适量的MWNTs可使复合纤维的力学性能改善。其中,质量分数为1%MWNTs的复合纤维的初始模量和强度分别比未添加碳纳米管的Lyocell纤维提高了42%和22%。     

MWNTs/PU复合微/纳米纤维的形态及力学性能

应用静电纺丝技术制备多壁碳纳米管/聚氨酯(MWNTs/PU)复合微/纳米纤维 , 将该复合纤维收集成无纺布薄膜 , 采用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)和透射电子显微镜 (TEM)观察了纤维的微观形貌和结构 , 分别利用X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试了复合纤维的结晶行为及玻璃态转变温度 , 并测试了纤维薄膜的拉伸力学性能随 MWNTs含量的变化关系。结果表明 , 一定含量的 MWNTs能有效地分散于 PU 溶液中 , 并能成功地纺出 MWNTs/PU 复合微/纳米纤维。随 MWNTs在 PU 纤维中含量的增加 , 纤维的直径变细 , 复合纤维的玻璃态转变温度提高。在所研究的含量范围内 , 无纺布的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随 MWNTs 含量的增加而有所增大。      

多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑复合材料的微结构与性能

以甲基磺酸(MSA)为溶剂通过溶液共混法制备了不同多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)含量的多壁碳纳米管/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(MWNTs/PBO)复合材料, 用扫描电镜(SEM)对热处理前后复合材料的微结构进行了分析, 并对其导电、力学和耐热性能进行了研究。结果表明: MWNTs能均匀地分散在聚合物基体中, 并能形成一定的网络结构, 热处理后的复合材料较热处理前的结构更致密, 导电性能和力学性能都有所改善, 其中MWNTs质量分数为10％的热处理后复合材料与纯PBO聚合物相比, 体积电阻率降低约9个数量级, 而拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了95％和53％, 耐热性能也有一定的提高。      

连续制备柔性导热的氮化铝/芳纶纳米纤维复合薄膜

设计制备柔性导热材料对柔性电子器件的热管理具有重要意义。本文基于溶剂剥离的芳纶纳米纤维和氮化铝(AlN)纳米颗粒,采用溶胶-凝胶-薄膜转换方法,连续制备了柔性导热的AlN/芳纶纳米纤维复合薄膜材料。其中,芳纶纳米纤维形成了三维连通的网络结构,提供力学支撑作用;AlN颗粒填充在该网络结构中,赋予复合材料良好的导热性能。结果显示,该复合材料的拉伸强度为65.5 MPa,断裂应变为12%,反复折叠300次后其拉伸强度和断裂应变保持率在90%以上,导热率为13.98 W·(m·K)?1。此外,该复合薄膜显示出良好的绝缘性能和耐热性能,体积电阻率为1.85×1015 Ω·cm、起始热分解温度为524℃。最后,演示该高性能的AlN/芳纶纳米纤维复合薄膜作为柔性基底材料,可用于冷却电子器件。      

Electrical and mechanical characterization of stretchable multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane elastomeric composite conductors

Stretchable, elastomeric composite conductor made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been fabricated by simple mixing. Electrical percolation threshold, amount of filler at which a sharp decrease of resistance occurs, has been determined to be ∼0.6 wt.% of MWNTs. The percolation threshold composition has also been confirmed from swelling experiments of the composite; the equilibrium swelling ratio slightly increases up to ∼0.6 wt.%, then decreases at higher amount of filler MWNTs. Upon cyclic stretching/release of the composite, a fully reversible electrical behavior has been observed for composites having filler content below the percolation threshold value. On the other hand, hysteretic behavior was observed for higher filler amount than the threshold value, due to rearrangement of percolative paths upon the first cycle of stretching/release. Finally, mechanical moduli of the composites have been measured and compared by buckling and microtensile test. The buckling-based measurement has led to systematically higher (∼20%) value of moduli than those from microtensile measurement, due to the internal microstructure of the composite. The elastic conductor may help the implementation of various stretchable electronic devices.     

碳纳米管填充硅橡胶膜回收大豆油/正己烷混合油的溶剂

采用膜分离技术取代当前的蒸发工艺回收植物油浸取工艺中的浸取溶剂,这一新技术不涉及相变,节能效果明显.为此,研制了单壁碳纳米管填充聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚偏氟乙烯(PDMS/PVDF)复合膜,通过接触角和SEM等方法对复合膜的表面进行表征.将制备的复合膜应用于从大豆油/正己烷(质量比1∶3)混合油中回收溶剂正己烷,考察了碳纳米管填充量和高温纯化处理对复合膜分离性能的影响.结果表明,碳纳米管经高温纯化预处理后,所制成填充复合膜的分离性能得到了较大的提高.     

Morphological and mechanical properties of bile salt modified multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites

Non-covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes are more attractive for multifunction composites because they preserve nearly all the nanotubes’ intrinsic properties and enhance the electroconductivity of polymer composites. However, It is seldom reported that they make dramatic improvement in mechanical properties. In this paper we have successfully prepared a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite with a non-covalently functionalized carbon nanotube (DOC-MWNTs) using a simple method, which achieve a significant enhancement in mechanical properties. The tensile modulus and tensile yield strength of the PVA composite film containing 5 wt% DOC-MWNTs increased by 140% and 65%, respectively, comparing to the pure PVA film. FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and DSC were used to investigate the MWNTs and PVA/MWNTs nanocomposites. The results show that the separately dispersed DOC-MWNTs filler throughout the PVA matrix and the strong adhesion between the DOC-MWNTs filler and the PVA matrix are responsible for the significant reinforcement of the mechanical properties of the composite prepared.     

Graphene-nanoplatelet-based photomechanical actuators

This paper reports large light-induced reversible and elastic responses of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) polymer composites. Homogeneous mixtures of GNP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites (0.1-5 wt%) were prepared and their infrared (IR) mechanical responses studied with increasing pre-strains. Using IR illumination, a photomechanically induced change in stress of four orders of magnitude as compared to pristine PDMS polymer was measured. The actuation responses of the graphene polymer composites depended on the applied pre-strains. At low levels of pre-strain (3-9%) the actuators showed reversible expansion while at high levels (15-40%) the actuators exhibited reversible contraction. The GNP/PDMS composites exhibited higher actuation stresses compared to other forms of nanostructured carbon/PDMS composites, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), for the same fabrication method. An extraordinary optical-to-mechanical energy conversion factor (η(M)) of 7-9 MPa W(-1) for GNP-based polymer composite actuators is reported.     

多壁碳纳米管填充丁苯橡胶复合材料的研究

采用浓硝酸(HNO3)氧化处理后的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)与丁苯橡胶(SBR)及其他配合剂在开炼机上进行混炼加工制备MWNTs／橡胶复合材料，并与炭黑补强橡胶体系进行对比，进而研究了MWNTs／橡胶复合材料的物理性能，并初步探讨了该材料微观结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明：随着MWNTs质量百分含量的增加，橡胶复合材料的力学性能也随之增高；MWNTs／橡胶复合材料的抗撕裂强度(25．9kN／m)、硬度(58)、磨耗(0．22mL/1．61km)性能较炭黑／橡胶体系要好。由MWNTs补强的橡胶对开发具有低滚动滞后性和抗疲劳损失的轮胎胎面胶将有很大的实用潜力。     

碳纳米管类型对CNTs/Lyocell复合纤维结构与性能的影响

分别采用单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs）和多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）这两种碳纳米管（CNTs）制备不同的CNTs/Lyocell复合纤维,探讨了碳纳米管类型对复合纤维的结构与性能的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管类型并未影响CNTs/Lyocell纤维的结晶结构,质量分数为1%的SWNTs或MWNTs在Lyocell基体中分布都比较...     

Formation of an adherent polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotubes composite film onto a polyacrylonitrile brush electrografted on copper

An adherent polymer film based on a composite of polyacrylonitrile/multiwall carbon nanotubes (PAN/MWNTs) have been elaborated on a copper substrate. The first layer is an electrografted PAN brush on which of a subsequent layer of PAN/carbon nanotubes composite has been deposited by simple dipping from solution in dimethylformamide (DMF). MWNTs have been previously chemically functionalized with 3-cyanopropyltrichlorosilane to promote de-bundling and homogeneous dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the composite.     

碳纳米管掺杂对聚二甲基硅氧烷薄膜相对介电常数的影响

聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)薄膜是基于静电效应的驻极体基微振动传感器和能量采集器中常用的弹性材料,但其相对介电常数偏低,严重阻碍了相关器件工作效率的提高.针对这一问题,本研究提出了一种添加碳纳米管(CNT)提高其相对介电常数的方法.制备了一系列CNT质量分数不同的PDMS薄膜,采用平板电容器原理测量了其相对介电常数,同时...